英国文学伊丽莎白时期戏剧课件

1、The Early Modern Period （15th-mid17th century） English Renaissance （1） (16thmid 17th century) 第1页，共43页。Historical background Socially “”The Hundred Years” War (1337-1453) between France and England; the mysterious Joan of Arc第2页，共43页。Historical background Socially 2. The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485

2、)between the houses of York (white rose emblem) and Lancaster ( red rose) for possession of the throne; 第3页，共43页。Historical background Socially 3. The parliament the urban craftsmen and small businessmen a strong source of economic aid to the kings; the House of Commons as representatives from the c

3、ounties and boroughs while the nobilities retained their position in the House of Lords 第4页，共43页。Historical background Socially 4. Agriculturalmanufacturing+trade Land Enclosure 圈地运动; 第5页，共43页。Historical background Socially 5. Discovery and expansionVirginia coast, East Indies company, sea piracy, n

4、ew markets foreign trade; new riches, new adventures gave people boundless hope and confidence, esp. under the reign of Elizabeth I (1558 -1603) 第6页，共43页。Historical background Socially 6. Great social mobility as a result of the moneyed economy第7页，共43页。Historical background Socially 7. Royalty the T

5、udors: Henry VII unified England （not Scotland and Ireland） Henry VIII (1509-1547) Mary (1553-1558) Elizabeth (1558-1603)第8页，共43页。Historical background Socially 7. Royaltythe Stuarts: James I (1603-1685) James II (1685-1688) William and Mary (1688-1702)第9页，共43页。Historical background Ideologically1.

6、Copernicus (1473-1543, Polish astronomer) and German Johannes Keplers discovery of the center of the universe (heliocentric, not Earth, E circles around the Sun) Italian Galileos(1564-1642) gravitational force, discovery of Jupiters satellites, Moons mountainous nature, etc. 第10页，共43页。Historical bac

7、kground Ideologically 2.Renaissance: A revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy in the 14th century and which influenced the rest of Europe in a great variety of ways in the next two centuries. Broadly, it is typified 第11页，共43页。Historical background by the

8、spread of humanism which was found in the classic works of Greek and Roman culture. Against the medieval feudal value and blind faith in after-life, the humanists believed in mans capability of self perfection and emphasized the importance of personal worth and the joy of the present life.第12页，共43页。

9、Historical background Ideologically Religious reformationMartin Luther, new interpretations and questioning of the Roman Catholic beliefs and authority; at home, a national detestation for the greedy, corrupted Church, and a dissatisfied King, Henry VIII. (in love with Anne Boleyn, his plea for divo

10、rce from Catherine of Aragon( princess of第13页，共43页。Historical background Spain, wife of his late elder brother), twice rejected by the Pope, made himself the supreme Head of Church of England in 1534; removed the abbots from the House of Lords and confiscated the churchs land and divided it among hi

11、s nobles; with a few years exception (Mary1553-1558), Protestantism （新教) was firmly established in England, with only Ireland keeping to Roman Catholicism第14页，共43页。Literature 1.translationa). classic and Italian and French works: Plato and Aristotle Plutarchs Lives of the Noble Grecians and RomansOv

12、ids MetamorphosesHomers Iliad and Odyssey Virgils AeneidHorace , Seneca, Plautus, Dante 第15页，共43页。Literature Sonnets and Blank verse was introduced into England, comedy and tragedy flourished.第16页，共43页。Literature 1.translation b).the Bible into English the King James Bible, or the “Authorized Versio

13、n,” 47 translators, over 10 years, published in 1611第17页，共43页。Literature 2. English literature (imitation, assimilation & creation) “ Everything is there, but nothing remains the same.” (for Shakespeare) 第18页，共43页。Literature 2. English literaturePoetry: Edmund Spenser, William Shakespeare, Ben Jonso

14、n, John Donne, John Miltonepics: Homer, Vigil, Dante/Spenser, Miltonsonnets: Petrarch, Dante/ Shakespeare, Sidney “Arcadia”, Jonson, Donne and Andrew Marvell第19页，共43页。Literature 2. English literatureDrama: Christopher Marlowe, W. Shakespeare and Ben Jonson comedy, tragedy, tragic-comedy, history, sa

15、tireProse: Francis Bacon and Thomas More (Utopia) 第20页，共43页。III. Origin of English Drama OriginReligious festival celebrations in Middle Agesreligious liturgy 礼拜仪式第21页，共43页。III. Origin of English Drama Origin 1. Mystery playsamateur plays based on biblical stories; in the 14th century, during festiv

16、als like Easter; acted first by church clergy in or in front of the church, and then by common folk outside in the street, (city trade guilds); 第22页，共43页。III. Origin of English Drama Origin 1. Mystery playscycles of mystery, such as creation and judgment; first in Latin and then in vernacular,;autho

17、rs anonymous.第23页，共43页。III. Origin of English Drama Origin 2. Miracle plays of the lives and deeds of the saints or important figures like Virgin Mary; a further development of Mystery plays. 第24页，共43页。III. Origin of English Drama Origin 3. Morality plays: religious allegory in dramatic form; person

18、ifying abstract qualities (Everyman, Good Deeds, Death, Knowledge); 第25页，共43页。III. Origin of English Dramaindividual struggle for salvation; didactic illustrations; Everyman (c.1495) and Bunyans Pilgrims Progress. Today mainly found in pageants and masque. 第26页，共43页。 Elizabethan Drama (the 16-early

19、17th cen.) the golden age of English drama 第27页，共43页。Elizabethan Drama 1. Main features:A. from a handful of scholars to a large audience, high or low; from court to public; from private houses to public theatres on the outskirts of London, e.g. Global Theatre (groundlings, balcony seaters); 第28页，共4

20、3页。Elizabethan Drama 1. Main features: B. from epic to tragedy and comedy; from the grander aspirations to worldly life; from perfect heroes to imperfect ones (with flaws, foibles and limitations)so as to be closer to audience; evils are also shown to teach people lessons 第29页，共43页。Elizabethan Drama

21、 1. Main features: C. professional playwrights (University Wits) and theatrical troupes backed up by some noble patronage; D. no women players; very simple prop-ups; E. entertaining as well as educational第30页，共43页。Elizabethan Drama But from the mid-17th the Puritan Parliament banned all stage plays

22、and the theatres remained closed until the Restoration in 1660.第31页，共43页。Elizabethan Drama 2. Major playwrights: Christopher Marlowe (1564-93) 第32页，共43页。Elizabethan Drama Christopher Marlowe (1564-93) 1. a tragedy playwright, contemporary of Shakespeare 2. expressed the humanist ideals about the inf

23、inite capabilities of Man, in the desire for power, knowledge and money第33页，共43页。Elizabethan Drama Christopher Marlowe (1564-93) 3. works known for their eloquent speeches in blank verse 4. Machiavellianism* and money worship as well as pride of the age of rising capitalism 第34页，共43页。 Niccolo Machia

24、velli (1469-1527), Florentine statesman, political theorist and writer, advocated establishment and maintenance of authority by any effective means. “The end justifies the means.”第35页，共43页。Elizabethan Drama Christopher Marlowe (1564-93) Representative works:Tamburlaine the Great (1587-88), desire fo

25、r powerThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus (1589), desire for knowledge and happiness The Jew of Malta (1590) desire for money第36页，共43页。Elizabethan Drama 2. Major playwrights: Ben Jonson (1572-1637) a comedy playwright in the early 17th century; the 1st poet laureate (1616);Everyman in His Humour

26、Volpone, the Fox第37页，共43页。Elizabethan Drama 2. Major playwrights: William Shakespeare (1564-1616) “He was not of an age, but for all time.”Jonsona great humanist, a most popular playwright of his time, a great poet, a dramatic genius, a master of languageStratford-upon-Avon; humanist; blank verse第38页，共43页。E