高中语法定语从句讲解面

1、 The Attributive Clause定语从句 What is an attributive?(何为定语？)There is a huge cake She is a beautiful girl.用于修饰名词、代词的句子成分为定语。定语常由形容词或形容词性短语来充当。What is an attributive clause?(何为定语从句？)在主从复合句中，用于充当主句的定语成分(用于修饰某名词,代词或名词短语)的从句，称为定语从句(形容词性从句)。There is a cake that is huge.She is a girl who is beautiful.He is a

2、 little boy.He is eating .He is a little boy who is eating.He is a popular singer.His song is popular among young people.He is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体, 失去时方知其可贵。Proverbs 记住Friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it

3、 is lost.He who laughs last laughs best.定语从句的结构e.g. Justin Bieber is a famous singer who sings the song Baby. 先行词（可放入从句中充当一定成分）定语从句（在先行词后；从句中常缺成分）Do you know the man?He spoke just now. Do you know the man who spoke just now?关系词（引导定从；代替先行词；在从句中作一定成分）I showed him the letter.I received it this morning.

4、 I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.引导定语从句的关联词有：关系代词： that, which, who, whom, whose, 关系副词：when, where, why关系词的选择与先行词的意思，及先行词在从句中充当的句子成分决定。引导定语从句的关系代词that 即指人又指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语。which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。who, whom 指人, who在从句中作主语或宾语, whom作宾语。whose既指人又指物,在从句中作定语, 表“某某的”。that, which, whom, wh

5、o在定语从句中作宾语时, 可省去。介词+关系词时，指物只能用which, 指人只能用whomTipswhom 指人, 在从句中作宾语，可省略。e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?The girl is from America.I called her just now. The girl (whom) I called just now is from America. 1. that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. 2) The

6、noodles that I cooked were delicious. 3) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.(主语)(宾语)(主语)(宾语)定语从句三要素：先行词，关系词，先行词/关系词 在从句中充当的句子成分。哪几个that可省略？3、4句还可用什么关系词？2. Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。 They planted the trees which didnt need much water. 2) Th

7、e fish which we bought were not fresh. 3. who, whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中who也可作宾语)。 The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. (主语)(宾语)(主语)2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael. 3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. =The person whom/who you just talked to is Mr

8、. Li.4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write. (主语)(宾语)（宾语)4. whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物。 Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. 2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of. This is the boy. The teacher talked of his composition. 3) This is the book whose c

9、over is blue.3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.1. The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.that/which that/

10、who which/that Practice 1 5. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher.whose4. The person to_ you just talked is Mr. Li.whom将下面的两个句子合并成一个句子The reason was very simple.The local policeman explained the reason.The reason that/which the local policeman explained was very simple.Tommy is our monitor

11、. His vocabulary is very large.Tommy whose vocabulary is very large is our monitor.The little girl is my niece.I walked my dog with my niece.The little girl whom/that/who I walked my dog with is my niece. The little girl with whom I walked my dog is my niece.Practice 2Translation1. 他就是住在隔壁的医生。He is

12、the doctor who/that lives next door.2. 请把那本绿皮的书传给我。Please pass me the book whose cover is green.Practice 3 that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。先行词本身为everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much, all, none, some 等不定代词时。Note This is the first book (that) he has read.This is

13、 the very book that belongs to him.(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4) 先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。 (2) 先行词被all, every, any, no, some, few, little, much等修饰时。(5) 先行词不止一个，既有人，又有物，用that。He mentioned the people and things that he saw in his trip.(6) 先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词。Which is the T-shirt that fits me mo

14、st？Who is the girl that you spoke to just now?(7)主句是there be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that（先行词为物）There is a book on the desk that belongs to my sister.1. 当先行词是he, she 等人称代词，以及one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等, 指人时一般用who, 不用that. (若指物，则用which) Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at

15、 the gate of the school. What is that which is shining in the room? Note Complete the following sentences with that, which, who or whose. Then translate them into Chinese orally. 1. Here are my neighbours _home was destroyed by earthquake. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the peop

16、le _were asleep. 3. The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything _ they could find. whosethat/who(that)4. Several days later most of the buildings _had been damaged were repaired.5. This frightened boy _ mother were lost in the disaster is looking for her now.6. We went to

17、see our teacher_ husband lost his life in the earthquake.7. “Is this the young man _ saved several people trapped under buildings?” she asked.8. A number of children _parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in the other cities.that/whichwhosewhosewhosewho/that关系副词relative adver

18、bs关系代词：在从句中作 主语，宾语，定语和表语关系副词：在从句中作 时间、地点、原因状语when ：作 时间状语where：作 地点状语why： 作 原因状语This is the factory I worked ten years ago. This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. 先行词： the factory，与介词in一起放入从句中作状语从句部分： I worked ten years ago.关系词： where1. 作连词，引导定语从句2. 代替先行词，在从句中充当状语成分3.关系副词= 介词+ 关

19、系代词This is the factory in which I worked ten years ago.凡是先行词放入从句当中，需加介词的，该结构（介词+先行词）在从句中都是充当状语成分，关系词都应使用关系副词，或 介词+ 关系代词。whereThe school is near a park. My son studies in this school. The school where my son studies is near a park.= The school in which my son studies is near a park.关系副词whereWe visite

20、d the house. LuXun once lived in the house. We visited the house where LuXun once lived.= We visited the house in which Lusun once lived.where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词，并在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“in/at/on+which”。Theyll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1. Theyll never forget July 1 when

21、Hong Kong returned to its motherland.= Theyll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland.关系副词whenIll never forget the day. I joined the league on that day.Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the league.when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的

22、名词，并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“in/at/on/during +which”。There are many reasons. People like traveling for these reasons. There are many reasons why people like traveling. There are many reasons for which people like traveling. 关系副词whywhy引导的定语从句修饰表示原因的名词，并在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“for+which”。在口语中,关系副词why有时可以省略。That is the

23、 reason (why/for which) I did it.总结关系副词: where, when, why时间 when = in / at / on / during which地点 where = at/in/on which原因 why = for which“when” means “at that time”, “where” means “at that place”, “why” is used after the word “reason”. a. This is the place where he works. This is the place ( which/t

24、hat) we visited last year.b. That was the time when he arrived. Do you still remember the time ( that/ which) we spent together?Notes:关系副词与关系代词的区别c. This is the reason why/for which he went. The reason that (which) he gave us was quite reasonable.1. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A.

25、that B. where C. which D. the oneExerciseB 3. I shall never forget those years _ I live in the farm _ you visited last week. A. when; where B. which; which C. when; which D. which; where4. Do you know the reason _ he was late? A. for which B. for what C. which D. thatC A 5. May the fourth is the day

26、 _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which6. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for thatA C “介词+关系代词”介词的选择1. 与从句中谓语动词的搭配相关This is the book on which I spent 10 yuan.This is the book for which I paid 10 yuan.2. 与先行

27、词的搭配相关I will never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.3.与所表达的意义相关The colorless gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.不可拆开的“动词+介词”短语：look for, look after, take care of等。 Tip 1 whose=of +关系代词(which/whom) They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.=Th

28、ey lived in a house, the door of which faces the south.Tip 2We went to see our teacher, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake.=We went to see our teacher, the husband of whom lost his life in the earthquake.the way 作为先行词时的特殊用法This is a good way in which the problem can be solved.=This is a g

29、ood way that the problem can be solved.=This is a good way the problem can be solved. (不用引导词)这是解决问题的好方法。Tip 3situation(情景), case（实例）, point（阶段）, Internet, stage（阶段）等表抽象“地点”的名词作先行词时,关系副词选择whereThe Internet, where we can search for a large amount of information, has become an indispensable part of man

30、y peoples life.Tip 4occasion(时机，场合)作为先行词时，关系副词选择whenSocial parties are the occasions when people can develop their interpersonal relationship. as引导的定语从句 1.引导限制性定语从句，用在“such as”, “the same as结构中，常译作“像一样的人或物”。 He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.This is the same book as I read last week.这和我上周读的

31、那本书是一样的。 这就是我上周读的那本书This is the same book that I read last week.在the same as结构中，as可以换成that，但句意不一样。but引导的定语从句 but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who dont )非限制性定语从句关系词不能省不能用that 和 why不能用who代替whom限制性定语从句举例(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I

32、 could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.1. 从句与先行词紧密性不同 2.译法不同例1. In China students learn English at achool as a foreign language, e

33、xcept for those in Hong kong, where many people speak English as a first or second language. （选自Unit 2 English around the world）例2：There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English. （选自Unit 2 English around the world）例3 ： In 1986 he moved to Hollywood to live with his s

34、tepfather, who is a film director. （高一上Unit 5 The Silver Screen)例4：Spielberg, whose mother was a music teacher, was born in 1946 in a small town in America. （高一上Unit 5 The Silver Screen)(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）(2) His br

35、other, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）译法不同， 意义不同1. He has a brother who is a physicist. He has a brother, who is a physicist.2. He returned all the books which are written in English. He returned all the books, which are written in English.译

36、法不同 意义不同3. My sister who lives next door is a doctor. My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.4. A student who studies hard will make good progress. The student, who lives far from school, is the captain of their football team.译法不同 意义不同非限关系词关系代词有as，which，who， whom，whose关系副词有when，where 3、非限制性定语从句

37、引导词的选择： His mother, loves him very much, is strict with him. 他的妈妈很爱惜他,对他也很严格。 His wife, you met at my home, was a teacher. 他的妻子，就是你在我家遇见的那个，是一位老师。 （1）先行词指人,在从句中作主语，引导词用who:who（2）先行词指人,在句中作宾语whom: whom Her house, was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake. 那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。注意

38、：无论先行词指人或者指物,在句中作主语或者作宾语，非限制性定语从句的引导词都不能用that。 （3）先行词指物,在句中作主语或宾语which:whichThe girl, name is Kate, is the top of the students in our school. 那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生，她的名字叫Kate。 The book, cover is red, is mine. 封面是红色的那本书是我的。 whosewhose（4）先行词在句中作定语，无论指人或者指物,引导词都用whose: The sports meeting will be put off till

39、next month， we will have made all the preparations. 运动会将被推迟到下个月，那时我们做好一切准备。 The next day we arrived in New York, we were interviewed on the radio. 第二天我们到达纽约，在那里我们接受了电台的采访。when（5）先行词在句中作时间状语用when：（6）先行词在句中作地点状语用where：where The house, we bought last month, is very nice. 这房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。 This is the ho

40、use we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。which(which/ that )（7）如果先行词作介词的宾语 先行词指人，介词提前的结构是：介词whom 先行词指物，介词提前的结构是：介词which The girl, he is familiar, is a football player. The Second World War, millions of people were killed, ended in 1945. 第二次世界大战造成数百万人的死亡，于1945年结束。with whomin whichas 和which1As和which都可以

41、在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2.当关系代词指整个主句内容时，将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 用非限制性定语从句。这时引导词用which,从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, surprises all the people present. which一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。2.

42、as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont belie

43、ve.Which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个句子时。它在从句中充当主语或宾语，意为“这一点”，放在主句后。1.Which代替先行句做主语 请把下面两个简单句合并为复句：句John has been working in the office for three hours.句It made him tired. John has been working in the office for three hours，which made him tired.As和which引导的非限制性定语从句2.which代替先行句做宾语 请把下面两个简单句合并为复句： 句Mary treats me

44、 just like a baby. 句I cant bear it. Mary treats me just like a baby，which I cant bear. 2. 引导非限制性定语从句1.as做主语请把下面两个简单句合并为复句：句China is a developing country.句It is known to all.As is known to all，China is a developing country ,代替整个句子，在定语从句中做主语和宾语，意思为，“正如.一样”。它引导的句子可在主句首、句中， 句尾。 注意：若非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是 be sa

45、id, be known,be expected, be reported , 等结构时，不论是在句首，句中， 句末，都必须as用来引导。 2. as做宾语请把下面两个简单句合并为复句：句We won the game.句We all expected it We won the game，as we expected.只用非限定性定语从句的情况：1. 当关系代词指代整个句子时He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. 2. 当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物时。The moon, which is 384,400 kilomet

46、ers away from the earth, goes around the earth. 3.当先行词指的人名，地名，建筑物等专有名词时。Yesterday he left America, where he had stayed for two years. all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either等可与 of 构成介词词组修饰限制先行词。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。We saw many animals in the zoo, some of which are tigersThere are

47、fifteen new players in our team, two of whom come from Canada.1. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.2. The person to _ you should write is Mr. Ball.3. The games _ he competed in were swimming and shooting.4. The games in _ he competed were swimming and shooting.who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatw

48、hichComplete the following sentences using attributive clauses.5. October 1, 1949 is the day _we will never forget.6. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?7. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.8.The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.with whichthat / whichwhi

49、ch / thatwhose9. He is the man _ you can turn for help. 10.This is the tree under _ we used to play games.11.The farm _ we worked ten years ago isnt what is used to be.12. A biologist is a man _ has a great knowledge of biology. to whomwhichwhere/on whichwho / that13. The poor boy _ lost both his pa

50、rents last year lives with his grandfather.14. This is the factory _ he worked ten years ago.15. This is the factory _ makes toys.16. He is the boy _ family was poor.who / thatwhere / in whichwhosewhich / thatIll never forget the days _ we worked together.2. Ill never forget the days _ _ we spent to

51、gether.3. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.when / in whichwhichwhere / in which*及物动词4. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5. This is the reason _ he was late. 6. This is the reason _ _ he gave. whichwhy / for whichthat / which及物动词及物动词1. We are just to reach a point _both sides

52、 will sit down together and talk.(2007 山东)A. where B. that C. when D. which 解析: A 本句中先行词a point= a stage in sths development 表发展的阶段、地步, 为抽象地点，故选关系副词where 引导定语从句。 真题解析2. In the dark street there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom解析: 答案为 D 介词 to 和定语从

53、句中的 turn 构成固定搭配 turn to sb. for help。3. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30pm _ many people have got home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which 解析: 答案为 D 根据句意“到下午 5 :30 时，许多人已经到家了”，且定语从句中又用了完成时，故应用介词 by。4. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of

54、 in that far-away village.A. until B. that C. when D. where 解析: C 本题考察定语从句，主句中的 先行词the hours被其它成分分割，只要 考生能够认清真正的先行词，就不难 得出答案，the hours表示时间，所以应该 选择一个表示时间的关系副词，即when。1. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one2. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited

55、last Friday? A. That B. where C. which D. the oneExerciseB D 3. I shall never forget those years _ I live in the farm _ you visited last week. A. when; where B. which; which C. when; which D. which; where4. Do you know the reason _ he was late? A. for which B. for what C. which D. thatC A 5. May the

56、 fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which6. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for thatA C 7. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. /8. I will never

57、forget the day _ we studied together. A. at which B. on that C. at that D. on whichC D 9. I should like to use the same TV set _ is used in your classroom. A. which B. who C. as D. whose10. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A. on whichB. where C. in thatD. during w

58、hichC D 11. Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that12. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. thatC D 13. I have many books, some of _ are on chemistry. A. Them B. that

59、C. which D. those14. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of whichC A 15. Can you tell me the name of the factory _ you visited last week? A. what B. where C. / D. when I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the eve

60、ning. A. what B. which C. that D. whereC D 1. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ thesailing time was 226 days. (全国 2004) A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which高考链接A 2. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (湖南 2004) A. how