先行词与关系词

1、1.先行词与关系词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在定于从句中作主语， 宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作状语。关系代词指人指物既指人也指物主格宾格所有格who, that whom, thatwhich, that which, that whosethatthattoday that day /yesterday /on Wednesday,etctomorrow the next day /the following day /on Tuesday,etc yesterday the day

2、 before /the previous day /on Tuesday,etc next month the month after /the following month /in July,etc last year the year before /the perious year,etca weekago a week before/a week earlier,etcthisthatthesethosecomegobringtakenowthenthe dayafter tomorrowin tow days timethe daybefore yesterdaytwo days

3、 before earlier现在完成时有两种基本用法：1）表示完成性，即强调动作业已完成，并对现在仍然存在影 响；2）表示未完成性，表示动作到说话时为止还未完成或者还要继续下去。完成性：常与already, yet, just, once等时间状语连用I have received Ellas letter一般现在时：表示真理性，经常性，习惯性，普遍性。在口语里常用，在叙事性文章和故事里很少用例句：I.The earth is smaller than the sun.状态真理性Tom gets up early every morning.动作经常性和习惯性Everybody knows

4、him.普遍性过去时：表示过去某一时间里发生的动作或状态。叙事性的文章和故事里最常用的时态。例句：1.Yesterday we went to the park.动作The book was there ten minutes ago.状态将来时：表示将来某一时间里发生的动作或状态。例句：I.Tom will help you tomorrow.动作2.We shall be here in time next time.状态过去将来时：表示从过去某一时间看将在以后某一时间里发生的动作或状态。注意不要跟现在联系起来例句：1.Ten years ago, Mary said she would

5、finish the work in a few days.动作2. Yesterday he thought you would be a good player after five years.状态现在完成时：表示在现在之前就已经完成的动作或状态要特别注意不包括现在。例句：1.We have done our homework.动作2.He has been a doctor now.状态过去完成时：表示在过去某时之前就已经完成的动作或状态。例句：1.Three days ago he had already finished his homework.动作2.When he was a

6、 boy, he had already been a head of the boys.状态将来完成时：表示在将来某时之前将完成的动作或状态。例句：.Tomorrow morning, I will have cleaned the windows.动作2.Next Sunday, he will have been a new doctor.状态过去将来完成时:表示在过去某一时间之前本该完成的动作或状态。一般用于虚拟语态例句：1.If he had worked hard enough, he would have built a new house.动作实际情况是因为他不够努力，所以新房

7、子连影子都 没有2.If he were alive, he would have been a doctor now.状态实际情况是他已经去世，所以永远成不了医生现在进行时：在现在之前开始，以后还要延续一段时间的动作。要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时。例句：Tom is reading a book.过去进行时：在过去某时之前开始，以后还要延续一段时间的动作。要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时。例句：The dog was eating a bone.将来进行时：在将来某时之前开始，以后还要延续一段时间的动作。要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时。例句：At ten tomorrow mornin

8、g, I will be writing the letter for you.过去将来进行时：从过去某时来看将再以后某时之前开始，以后还要延续一段时间的动作。要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时。例句：Jack told me that he would be working hard the next year.现在完成进行时：在现在之前就已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。较少用例句：Tom has been reading this book for over ten hours.过去完成进行时：在过去某时之前就已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。很少用例句：The workers had bee

9、n building the railway then.将来完成进行时：在将来某时之前就已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。很少用例句：They will have been making their efforts after that time.过去将来完成进行时：在过去某时之前看来将来某时应该已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。很少用例句： We thought they would have been doing physical training till then.楼层:3这三个词都有“在.之后”的意义，区别如下：in表示从现在开始一段时间以后，它往往和一般将来时肯定句连用。如:Im coming back in a minute .我一会儿就回来。He will reach here in two days .他两天后将到达这里。after表示以过去的某一时间为起点，“过.之后”，其后既可接时间点，又可接时间段。但是，如果after用于一般将来时，那么其后应接时间点。如：He left there after two oclock that afternoon .那天下午两点以后，他离开了那儿。They started to go again after two days. 两天以后，他们又走了。I think hell come here after