常用沉积学词汇

1、凹坑 pool, chute白垩chalk白云化灰岩 dolomitized limestone白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云岩 dolostone, dolomitite斑点构造 mottled structure 斑礁 patch reef斑晶 porphyrotope斑脱岩bentonite搬运作用 transportation板状晶体laths半深海 helmipelagic半自形晶subhedral棒形蛀木虫迹 teredolites clavatus 包卷层理 convolute lamination 包卷构造 comvolute structure 堡礁（障壁

2、礁）barrier reef 抱球虫软泥 globigerina ooze 比 拟试验 模 式 scaled experimental model碧玉jasper边滩 point bar辫状河 braided channel标志层key bed标准偏差 standard deviation 表面结构 surface texture 表皮鲕 superficial Oolits 表栖动物epifauna表生成岩作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis表土 regolith滨湖亚相lake-shore滨面 shoreface滨线 shoreline冰雹痕 hail impress

3、ion冰川 glacier冰-海沉积物 glacier-marine sediment 冰川相 glacial facies 冰碛物till冰碛岩tillite冰水沉积outwash 波长 wave length波高 wave height波痕 ripple波状层理 wavy bedding剥离线理 parting lineation不等粒 inequigranular不整合 unconformity槽痕flute槽模 flute casts侧向沉积作用 lateral sedimentation侧向加积 lateral accretion测井沉积学well-loggingsedimentol

4、ogy测井相 electrofacies层 bed层间流interflow层孔虫 stromatoporoid层理 stratification，bedding，lamination层流 laminar flow层内溶解作用 intrastratal solution层系set层系组coset层序地层学 sequence stratigraphy次长石净砂岩subarkose次生孔隙 secondary porosity次岩屑净砂岩sublitharenite长石 feldspar长石砂岩 feldspar sandstone长石净砂岩arkose长石净砂岩类arkosic arenite长石

5、杂砂岩 feldspathic greywacke长石杂砂岩类 arkosic greywacke潮道 tidal channel潮间带 intertidal潮控三角洲 tidal-dominated delta潮坪 tidal flat潮上带 supratidal潮汐层理 tidal- bedding潮汐流 ebb current潮汐三角洲tidal delta潮下带 subtidal zone沉积分异作用 sedimentarydifferentiation沉积构造 sedimentary structure沉积后作用postdeposition 沉积环境 depositional env

6、ironment 沉积模式 sedimentary model 沉积盆地 sedimentary basin 沉积铁矿 sedimentary iron ores 沉积物sediment沉积物重力流 sediment gravity flow 沉积相 sedimentary （ depositional） facies沉积学 sedimentology沉积岩 sedimentary rocks沉积岩石学 sedimentary petrology 沉积作用 sedimentation, deposition 成分成熟度 compositional matuarity 成岩作用diagenesi

7、s赤铁矿hematite冲积平原 alluvial plain冲积扇 alluvial fan冲裂 avulsion冲流swash冲流回流带 zone of swash and backwash冲刷痕 scour mark冲洗交错层理swash bedding冲溢扇 washover fan储层 reservoir储油窗 oilwindows床沙bed床沙形体bed form床沙载荷bed load吹程fetch垂向沉积作用vertical accretion丛藻迹 chondrites粗砾cobble粗枝藻门dasyclads大潮 spring tide大陆架 continental she

8、lf大陆隆 continental rise大陆坡 continental slope大洋盆地basin带穴迹taenidium带状迹teanidium袋状钻孔迹rogerella单杯迹 monocraterion单成份砾岩 oligomictic conglomerate 岛（弧）-海（沟）体系 arc-trench system 岛弧 island arc等深流 contour current等深积岩contourite等趾迹 isopodichnus 等足迹 isopodichnus低镁方解石 low-magnesian calcite 低弯度河道 low-sinuosity chann

9、el 低位体系域 low-stand systems tract 堤岸bank底痕 sole mark底积层bottomset底模 solecast底栖生物benthos底载河道 bedload channel地层 strata地层倾斜录井dipmeter log 地层水 formation water地球化学geochemistry地球物理geophysics地震地层学 seismic stratigraphy 地震勘探 seismic exploration 递变层 graded layer递变悬浮作用graded suspension 典型浊积岩 clastic turbidite 电测

10、井 electric log叠层石 stromatolite叠瓦状排列 imbricate arrangement 顶积层topsets动态模式dynamic model动藻迹zoophycus豆粒 pisolite段 member对称波痕 symmetrical ripple鲕粒oolite二叶石迹cruziana反递变层理 reverse grading 反沙丘层理 antidune bedding 反向递变的inversely graded 泛滥盆地flood basin 泛滥平原flood plain 方沸石Analcime方解石calcite放射虫 Radiolarians放射性测井

11、 radioactivity log非补偿（饥饿）沉积starved basin非显晶质的aphanitic沸石 zeolite分流河道 distributary channel分流河口砂坝 distributary-mouth bar分流间湾 interdistributary分选系数So分选作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂岩 siltite,siltstone粉砂页岩silt shale球粒pellet风暴大潮storm surge风成eolian风成波痕 eolian ripple,wind ripple风成交错层理 aeolian cross bedding 风成岩eolianite

12、风化作用weathering风生流 wind-drift current风蚀 deflation峰度 curtosis缝合线stylolite弗劳德数Froude number浮游生物plankton腐泥 sapropel负载（荷）构造load structure复成分砾岩 polymictic conglomerate复理石flysch钙结层caliche干酪根kerogen干盐湖playa高岭石kaolinite高弯度河道 high-sinuosity channel高位体系域 high-stand systems tract 根珊瑚迹 rhizocoralliun耕作迹agrichnia

13、沟模 groove casts沟蠕形迹 taphrhelminthopsis古拉迹 paleohelcura古生态学paleoecology古生物 paleontological古水流标志 paleocurrent indicator古土壤 paleosols古网迹 palaeodictyon古斜坡 paleoslope骨架岩 framestone固着底栖生物sessile benthos光合作用 photosynthesis硅镁层sima硅土，二氧化硅silica硅质 silic-硅质碎屑 siliciclastic国际沉积学家学会IAS（InternationalAssociation o

14、f Sedimentologists）海（湖）泛面 flooding surface海（湖）滩beach海岸带 coastal zone海底扇 submarine fan海底峡谷 submarine canyon海沟 trench海进体系域 transgressive systems tract 海浪 sea wave海绿石 glauconite海平面变化 sea-level changes海平面升降eustasy海侵 transgression海侵层序 transgressive sequence海生迹 thalassinoides海滩 marine beach海滩脊 ridge of a

15、beach海相三角洲 marine delta海洋ocean旱谷 arroyo, wadi河床（道）channel河床滞留lag河底滞留沉积channel floor lag河控三角洲fluvial delta河口湾 estuary河流相 fluvial河漫 overbank核形石oncilite褐铁矿limonite黑色页岩black shale黑云母biotite红藻植物门rhodophyta后滨 backshore后成作用 katagenesis,anadiagenesis弧间盆地 interarc basin弧内盆地 intra-arc basin弧前盆地forearc basin湖

16、lake湖泊环境 lacustrine environment湖泊相 lacustrine湖面波动seiche湖沼学limnology滑动痕 slide mark滑塌构造 slump structure滑塌岩slumps还原硫酸盐细菌desulfouibrio,desulfomaculmi还原作用reduction环境沉积学 environmentalsedimentology环线迹 spirorhaphe黄铁矿pyrite黄土 loess灰泥 micrite灰泥岩mudstone灰质白云岩 calcareous dolostone回流 backflow，backwash混杂沉积岩diamic

17、ton混杂堆积物melange混载荷流 mixed-load channel火山弹bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ash flow火山角砾岩 volcanic breccia火山块block火山泥石流lahar火山碎屑 pyroclastic debris， tephra火山碎屑流 pyroclastic flow火山碎屑岩 pyroclastic rock火焰构造 flame structure鸡笼状的chickenwire集合粒aggregate集块岩 agglomerate力口积 accretion加积作用aggradation假亮晶 pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切

18、shearing交错层 cross beds交错层理 cross bedding; cross stratification交错纹 crossed-lamellar交错纹层 cross laminae胶结物cement胶结作用cementation胶磷矿 collophane礁 reef礁核 reef core礁后相 backreef facies礁麓堆积reef talus礁前相 forereef facies礁相 reef facies角度不整合 angular unconformity角砾岩breccias节藻迹phycodes结晶碳酸盐岩 crystalline carbonate 界

19、面 bounding surfaces金藻门 chrysophyta津（波）浪tsunami近滨 nearshore进潮口 tidal inlet进积作用progradation进食构造 feeding structures进食迹 fodinichnia晶面 crystal face晶体 crystal井形穴shafts净砂岩arenite静态模式static model居住构造 dwelling structure居住迹domichnia居住潜穴 dwelling burrows巨画迹 megagrapton巨砾 boulder决口扇 crevasse，crevasse splay均匀悬浮

20、uniform suspension颗粒 grain ， particle颗粒流grain flow颗粒岩 grainstone颗粒支撑的 particle -supported ， grain-supported可劈性fissility可容空间 accommodation space克拉通craton孔隙（度）pore,porosity块状层理 massive bedding块状砂岩 massive sandstone浪成波痕 wave-generated ripple浪成沙纹层理 wave- ripple bedding浪基面 wave base浪控三角洲 wave-dominated d

21、elta 雷诺数 Reynolds number-Re类沙蚕迹nereites累积频率曲线 cumulative-frequencycurve离岸（裂）流rip current犁沟迹 aulichnites丽线迹 cosmorhaphe砾 gravel砾漠reg砾屑灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite砾岩 conglomerate粒度 grain size粒度概率图probability plot粒度中值Md粒间孔隙度 intergranular porosity粒屑灰岩grainstone粒序层理 graded bedding亮晶 sparite亮晶方解石sparry calcite

22、亮晶灰岩sparite亮煤 clarain裂隙 fracture临滨 shoreface磷灰岩 phosphorite磷酸盐岩 phosphate rock菱铁矿siderite流动体制flow regimes流痕 rill impression流态 flow regime流体化作用fluidization硫酸盐sulphate漏斗形 funnel shape陆表海 epicontinental sea陆架边缘体系域 shelf margin systems tract陆相 terrestrial 陆缘海 marginal sea 陆源碎屑岩 terrigenous clastic rocks

23、 陆表海 epeiric sea 绿泥岩chlorite 绿藻门 chlorophyta,卵石质砂岩pebbly sandstone 螺管迹 gyrolithes 洛伦茨迹corenzinia 脉状层理 flaser bedding 漫流 sheet flow 漫游迹 planoliies 煤 coal煤化作用 coalification 锰质岩 manganess rock 觅食迹 pascichnia 觅食拖迹 grazing trails 密度底流 density underflow 密度流 density current 密度跃层pycnocline 磨拉石molasses 母岩 so

24、urce rock, parent rock 母岩区 provenance， source area 内成岩 endogenetic 内栖动物infauna 内碎屑 intraclast 钠长石albite钠长石化albitization 能量带 energy belt 泥 mud泥板岩argillite 泥晶 micrite 泥晶套 micrite envelope 泥粒灰岩（泥质颗粒岩）packstone 泥裂 mud crack 泥流 mud flow 泥石流 debris flow 泥质岩mudrock 泥页岩 argillutite泥支撑的mud supported 泥质的argil

25、拟蠕形迹 helminthopsis逆行沙波 regressive sand wave逆行沙丘antidune年代地层单位 chronostratigraphic unit鸟眼构造 birds-eyes structure鸟足状三角洲bird-foot delta凝灰岩tuff凝聚颗粒 aggregate grains凝块灰岩thrombolite牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid牛轭湖 ox-bow lake爬迹 repichnia爬升沙纹层理 climbing ripple bedding 爬行 crawling拍岸浪surf盘旋虫科 spirillinidae螃蟹迹 psiloni

26、chnus跑动 running泡沫痕 foam impression盆内岩 intrabasinal rock盆外岩石 extrabasinal rock片流 sheetwash偏度 Sk1，skewness漂砾 erratic平均粒径Mz平均值mean平行层理 parallel bedding平直河 straight channel破浪 breaker破浪带 breaker zone葡萄石 grapestones气候带 climate belts牵引作用traction牵引流 tractive current牵引毯状沉积traction carpet前滨 foreshore前积层forese

27、ts前三角洲沉积prodelta deposit浅海区 neritic province浅滩shoal墙形迹 teichichus丘 状交错 层 理 hummocky cross bedding球度 sphericity球粒 pellet， pellet peloids球状粒 peloid曲带迹 curuolithus曲流 meander曲流裁直neck cutoff曲流河 meandering river取心钻井core drilling全球海平面变化 eustatic change of sea level缺氧事件anoxic event群 group群体生物 colony(organis

28、ms)热云 nuee ardente热云岩 ignimbrite溶解载荷 solutional load熔结凝灰岩ignimbrite蠕形迹 helminthoida软流圈 asthenosphere软泥ooze弱光带 disphotic zone萨布哈(盐沼)sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原delta plain 三角洲前缘delta front 三联点 triple junction 扫毛虫 sabellarians 沙坝bar沙波 sand wave沙流 sand flow沙漠desert沙漠相 desert facies沙丘 dune沙蜀迹 arenicolites沙体 Sand

29、 body沙纹 ripples沙嘴spit砂 sand砂火山 sand volcanoes砂流 sand flow砂屑 detritus砂屑灰岩calcarenite砂岩 sandstone砂枕构造 pillow structure筛状沉积 sieve deposition 山鹿冲积平原bajada山麓 piedmont 珊瑚coral扇砾岩 fanglomerate 扇三角洲fan delta 扇状三角洲fan-like delta 舌菌迹 glossiofunhites 蛇形迹 ophiomorpha 深海 pelagic, deep sea 深海带 abyssal zone 深海沟 de

30、ep-sea trench深海平原abyssal深海扇 deep-sea fan深泓线thalweg深水 bathymetric深水盆地 bathymetric basin渗透率 permeability生长构造 growth structure生物层biostrome生物带biozone生物地层学biostratigraphy生物灰岩biolithite生物礁reef生物颗粒bioclast生物亮晶灰岩biosparite生物内碎屑bioclastic生物泥晶灰岩biomicrite生物丘bioherm生物扰动作用bioturbation生物遗迹化石trace fossil石膏gypsum石

31、化作用 lithification石灰岩limestone石漠hamada石英quarts石英砂岩 quartz sandstone，silicarenita石英净砂岩 quartz arenite石英杂砂岩 quartzwack石针迹skolithos石枝藻 litho-thammium始成岩作用eodiagenesis示顶底标志 geopetal criterion事实模式actual model数学模式 mathematical model刷模 brush casts双杯迹 diplocraterion双形迹 dimorphichus双趾迹 diplichifes水道 channel水流

32、 current， aqueous flow水流痕 current mark水流上涌 upwelling水流线理 current lineation水平层理 horizontal bedding水体分层 stratification of the watercolumn水下泥石流 subaqueous debis flow水下岩崩 subaqueous rockfall水悬浮作用 aqueous suspension斯科阳迹scoyenia似海生迹 thalassinoides似海星迹asteriacites似蠕形迹 helminthopsis似藻迹 phycodes碎屑颗粒 detrital

33、 particle燧石 flint，chert他生沉积物 allochthonous sediments它形晶anhedral塌积角砾岩collapse braccia塔斯曼迹tasmanadia台地 platform苔藓虫 fenestrate bryozoans滩 bank滩脊 beach ridge碳酸盐carbonate碳酸盐岩 carbonate rock, carbonatite碳酸盐岩补偿深度 carbonatecompensation depth碳酸盐岩隆（建隆）carbonate buildup逃逸构造 escape structure逃逸迹fugichnia体系域 syst

34、ems tract天然堤 levee， natural levee填集作用packing跳模 bounce casts跳跃作用saltation铁岩 ironstone铁质岩 ferruginous rock停息迹 cubchnia同沉积滑塌构造syndepositinal slumpstructure同生白云岩 syngenetic dolostone同生作用 syngenesis透光带 photic zone透镜状层理 lenticular bedding湍流 turbulent flow团块lumps退覆层序 offlap sequence洼状交错层理swaley cross beddi

35、ng 夕卜成岩 exogenetic rock 外来岩块exotic block 外生沉积物 exogentic sediments 弯曲锚形迹 ancorichnus coronus 晚成岩作用telodiagenesis网状（交织）河流 anastomosing stream, anastomosed river微亮晶microspar 微斜长石microcline 胃形钻孔迹 gastrochaenolites 温跃层 thermoclime纹层 laminae， lamination 纹层状的laminated 纹理 lamination纹泥,季节泥varve雯石（霰石）aragoni

36、te紊流 turbulent flow无光带 aphotic zone无粘结性颗粒 cohesionless particle 物源区 provenance矽藻diatom细砾 granule 线管迹tigllites 相 facies相变 facies change相标志 facies mark相对海平面 relative sea-level 相序 facies sequence （succession） 向上变粗 coarsening-upward 向上变浅shoaling-upward，shallowing-upward小潮 neap tide小间断diastem斜坡地形clinofor

37、m泄水构造 water-escape structure 泻湖lagoon新生变形作用neomorphism 新月形沙丘barchan dune 信风 trade winds星瓣迹 asterosoma休息迹 resting traces悬浮（移）负载suspended load 选择交代作用 selective replacement 压扁层理 flaser bedding压刻痕toll mark压溶作用 pressure solution压实作用compaction盐水楔 saltwater wedge岩石地层单位 lithostratigraphic unit岩石地层学 lithostr

38、atigraphy岩石圈 lithosphere岩石学petrology岩相 lithofacies岩相古地理 lithofacies paleogeography 岩屑 rock fragment， lithic岩 屑 砂 岩 lithic sandstone， rock fragment sandstone岩屑净砂岩litharenite岩屑杂砂岩 lithic greywacke岩屑质长石净砂岩lithic arkose岩性 lithological沿岸流 longshore current沿岸沙坝longshore bar盐度 salinity盐湖 salt lakes盐碱滩salina氧化作用oxidation页岩shale液化 liguefaction液化沉积物流 fluidized sediment flow 液化作用 liquefaction伊利石illit