脊柱区颈段断层解剖学

1、脊柱区颈段断层解剖学椎骨的一般形态横突椎弓椎体棘突下关节突上关节突椎孔椎弓根(pedicle,P)椎弓板(lamina,L) Vertebral body Vertebral arch Transverse process spinous processInferior articular process Superior articular process Vertebral foramen）（一）脊柱前部椎体椎间盘前纵韧带后纵韧带纤维环髓 核椎间盘后纵韧带前纵韧带软骨板骺环2.椎间盘 intervertebral disc(透明软骨终板)椎骨的发育2.椎间盘腰骶椎间盘胸腰椎间盘颈胸椎间盘第

2、1胸椎间盘第1颈椎间盘第1腰椎间盘髓核突出的方向椎间盘疝出腰椎间盘C.上终板凹陷,髓核突入椎体内,内层纤维环塌陷并凸突入髓核内,后侧纤维环像发卡样弯曲.D.髓核通过终板突入椎体内.E.纤维环膨出超过椎体后侧边界.赵凤东等主译腰痛的生物力学腰椎间盘B.纤维环放射状裂缝,终板骨折,血液渗出E.上终板凹陷,髓核突入椎体内,内层纤维环塌陷并凸突入髓核内,后侧纤维环像发卡样弯曲.F.髓核向后脱出至后纵韧带下方.赵凤东等主译腰痛的生物力学腰椎间盘突出髓核脱出与椎间盘脱出症椎间盘向后外侧疝出压迫神经根Figure 1a. MR images of the lumbar spine in a 32-year-

3、old woman with discogenic low back pain demonstrate the criteria used to identify mild endplate abnormalities. Sagittal (a) T1-weighted (700/12) and (b) T2-weighted (5,000/112) turbo spin-echo MR images demonstrate a small band of increased signal intensity (arrowheads) of bone marrow (cranial or ca

4、udal extent 25% of the vertebral height as measured on a midsagittal image) adjacent to the upper endplate at the intervertebral disk level of L5 (5) to S1 (1) (type II endplate abnormality). There is grade 3 degeneration at the L5-to-S1 intervertebral disk level with disk bulging and grade 4 degene

5、ration of the intervertebral disk at L4 (4) to L5 with disk bulging. 前纵韧带后纵韧带棘间韧带Interspinous lig.（二）脊柱后部椎弓关节突关节韧带椎间孔(椎间管)椎板间隙关节突间隙(峡部)项韧带棘上韧带棘间韧带黄韧带横突间韧带横突间韧带棘上韧带黄韧带椎下切迹椎上切迹4.椎间孔(管)胸腰椎间孔颈胸椎间孔腰骶椎间孔经第3腰椎椎弓根CT图像黄韧带经第3腰椎椎间盘CT图像颈椎间孔颈椎前后位X线像钩椎关节(三)椎管及其内容脊髓的被膜及其间隙脊髓和脊神经（三）椎静脉系椎外静脉丛前部椎外静脉丛后部椎内静脉丛前部椎内静脉丛后部椎

6、体静脉椎间静脉后斜角肌中斜角肌前斜角肌颈长肌头长肌(四)椎旁软组织头夹肌颈夹肌头半棘肌头后小直肌头后大直肌头后上斜肌头后下斜肌(四)椎旁软组织枕下神经枕下神经头下斜肌头上斜肌头半棘肌头后大直肌第3枕神经第2颈神经后支枕大神经颈棘间肌(四)椎旁软组织二、脊柱区颈段椎的形态结构结节间板前根后根脊神经沟前结节后结节椎体钩(C3C7)钩椎关节（Luschka关节）颈动脉结节关节突关节颈椎侧位X片颈椎间盘第4、5颈椎椎间盘CT图像第5、6颈椎椎间盘CT图UTAC复合体3. 颈椎管及其内容颈神经与椎动脉4.椎间孔(椎间管)和神经根枕下神经枕大神经第3枕神经第4、5颈椎间盘的横断面标本和MRIT1第4、5颈

7、椎间盘的横断面标本和MRIT1颈椎椎间孔的矢状面椎间盘萎缩椎间孔狭窄正常椎间孔颈椎旁正中矢状断面图像经椎间孔的斜断面标本和MRIT1经椎动脉的斜断面标本和MRIT1经椎间孔长轴的斜断面标本和MRIT1经椎间孔的冠状断面标本和MRIT15. 寰枢关节十字韧带翼状韧带齿突尖韧带寰椎横韧带纵束寰枕关节和寰枢关节X图像头长肌13茎突8齿突15横突孔及其椎动、静脉18脊髓19头最长肌17头夹肌21头后大直肌23头半棘肌24经寰椎横断面CT图咽隐窝11腮腺12头长肌13颈内动脉14齿突15颈内静脉16椎动、静脉18脊髓19头夹肌21头后小直肌22头半棘肌24经寰椎横断面MRIT2WI图咽隐窝11腮腺12头长肌13颈内动脉14齿突15颈内静脉16椎动、静脉18脊髓19头夹肌21头