新gre阅读技巧全面剖析

1、新 GRE 阅读完全剖析前言ETS 经过成熟酝酿后，讲于 2006 年 10 月推出的新的 GRE General Test。作为历史悠久的 GRE 一般化考试，历史 55 年来上也是首次发生变化。面对变化，中国应该尽早适应并且从能力转变之中解读中出调整和应对策略。本文通过详细剖些 ETS给出的 Verbal Reasoning样题，和广大考生新 GRE 阅读部分的变化究竟在哪里，本质上延续的根本特点是什么以及相应的备考策略以及启发。站在命题哲学的高度透视这次变化，做到知己知彼，百战不殆。总体宏观变化从 ETS的叙述中，最为的整个的变化趋势为如下几点：Greater emphasis on h

2、igher cognitive skills and less dependence on vocabularyMore text-based materials, such as reading passagesA broader selection of reading passagesEmphasis on skills related to graduate work, such as complex reasoningExpanof computer-enabled tasks (e.g., clicking on a sentence insage to highlight it)

3、Two 40-minute sections rathern one 30-minute section逐点分析，不难发现几乎每条都于阅读部分难度和重要性的提高分不开的。所为 cognitive 认知性能力，是所有阅读测试的，即主要依赖文章本身而非经验性的一种理解能力。不仅在能力上提出了更高要求，阅读文章本身不论从选择题材的广度，每个 Section的篇幅数量都大大。在计算机新媒介的辅助下，ETS 把 GRE阅读商标般的推理也提高到新的层次进行。简而言之，阅读可谓成为了新 GRE中的重中之重。样题剖析笔者对给出的样题中阅读部分做一个综合评述，慢慢揭开新 GRE 阅读的神秘面纱。在对题目做完剖析

4、之后，总结相关的变化和值得注意的要点。Questions 6 through 8 are based on the following reading passage.Music critics have consistently defined James P. Johnson as a great early jazz pianist, originator of the 1920s Harlemstride style, and an important blues and jazz comer. In addition, however, Johnson was an innovato

5、r in classicalmusic, coming symphonic musict incorporated American, and espelly African-American, traditions.Such a blend of musical elements was not entirely new: by 1924both Milhaud and Gershwin had comed classicalworkst incorporated elements of jazz. Johnson, a serious musin more experiencedn mos

6、t classical comerswith jazz, blues, spirituals, and popular music, was particularly suited to expand Milhauds and Gershwins experiments.In 1927 he completed hislarge-scale work, the blues- and jazz-inspired Yamekraw, which included borrowings from1spirituals and Johnsons own popular songs. Yamekraw,

7、ed sucsfully in Carnegie Hall, was a majorachievement for Johnson,ing his most frequently performed extended work. It demonstrated vividly thesibilityof assimilating contemporary popular musico the symphonic tradition.本选文难度和风格几乎和现行的 GRE 阅读没有太大区别。题材又谈到了，尤其是爵士音乐。这种题材在9500 笔考期间也经常出现。把握住文章首段重要词汇 however

8、 抓住。分清文中对象（创新与传统，不同音乐家间的逻辑联系），文章应该比较容易处理。6. The passage s est Johnson comed all of the following EXCEPTA. jazz worksB. popular songsC. symphonic musicD. spiritualsE. blues pie此题正确为D。文中开始谈到 Johnson 作为伟大爵士音乐家，因为其创始了新的风格，其中包括了 blues andjazz。而在文章末句提到了他吸收了同时代的 popular music 以及 symphonic。注意该题的 spirituals

9、文中确实也出现过，但是措辞用的是 borrow from，题干问的是 come。7. Consider each of the choiseparay and select allt apply.The author suggests which of the following about most classical comers of the early 1920s?A. They were strongly influenced by the musical experiments of Milhaud and Gershwin.B. They had little working f

10、amiliarity with such forms of American music as jazz, blues, and popular songsC. They made few attempts toroduce innovationso the classical symphonic tradition本题即为新 GRE 阅读中新酝酿推出的所谓的多选题。其实这种题型即为原来 GRE 阅读中罗马数字题的变体，只是难度进一步加大。正确B。They had little working familiarity with such forms of American musicas ja

11、zz, blues, and popular songs。本题从出题点分析涉及文中的比较点。最后的逻辑关系用东方阅读体系表示可以是:JohnsonMilhaud and Gershwinmost comers。运用取非解题思路。8. The author suggestst most critics haveA. underrated the popularity of YamekrawB. undervalued Johnsons musical abilitiesC. had littleerest in Johnsons influence on jazzD. had little re

12、gard for classical workst incorporate popular musicE. neglected Johnsons contribution to classical symphonic music此题正确为 E。该题题干提到的 critics 指引考生定位到文章首段。经过逻辑和套路熟练训练后，不难把握 Music critics have consistently defined James P. Johnson as a great early jazz pianist however, Johnson was aninnovator in classical

13、 music。类似于两个观点的对立，为结构上重要内容。Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following reading passage.2Scholarship on political newsprs and their editors is dominated by the viewt as the United S es grew, theincreasing influence of the press led, ultimay, to the neutral reporting from which we benefit today. Pas

14、ley considersthis view oversimplified, because neutrality was not a goal of early national newspr editing, even when editorsdisingenuously s edt they aimed tol all sides of a story. Rather, theensely partisan ideologies represented innewsprs of the early republic led to a clear demarcation betn trad

15、itional and republican values. The editorsresponsible for the prs content - espelly those with republican agendas - began to see themselves as central figureshe development of political consciousnesshe United Ses.本文为符合现行 GRE部分文章套路分类中的广义新老观点对比型。文首观点说报纸最后的政治取向将会趋于 neutral。而之后 Pasley观点否认了这种看法（oversimpl

16、ified）。具体从早期国家报纸的党派差异论证自己观点。文章首句符合一贯 GRE 阅读的品味：长度达到 35 词的复杂难句子，为理解上的一个难点。9. Consider each of the choiseparay and select allt apply.The passage suggestst Pasley would agree with which of the following s ements about the political role ofnewsprs?A. Newsprs today are in many cases much less neutral in

17、their political reportingn is commonly held byscholars.B. Newsprshe early United S es normally declared quite openly their refusal tol all sides of most politicalstories.C. The editorial policies of some early United Ses newsprs became a counterweight to proponents of traditionalvalues.仍然是多项选择题，要求考生

18、列出 ABC 正确的组合。正确为 C。A 选项极具干扰度，文首谈到的一种报纸变化乃是一种未来的趋势。而 A 项做出了 GRE 阅读中很敏感的比较(n)，原文没有明确的关于现在报纸的风格比较。B 项为文中让步层面内容：even when editors disingenuously sedt they aimed tol all sides of astory，体会该叙述，与公开的程度不符。C 项 counterweight 解释为平衡物，表达了关于一些支持 republican编辑的态度。10.he context in which it appears, disingenuously mos

19、t nearly meansA. insincerelyB. guilelesslyC. obliquelyD. resolu yE. pertinacious此题即为新 GRE 在取消词汇部分后，做出的相应调整。把部分词汇转移到阅读部分来，取代之前单纯的词之间的逻辑关系，这种做法也是吸收了 TOEFL 阅读中的部分经验。disingenuously 作为 GRE 重点词汇，为ingenuous 反义（和 ingenious 形近）。即使考生现场不认识该单词，也可以从上下文逻辑关系得到提示。前半句because neutrality was not a goal of early nation

20、al newspr editing 基本意群表达非单纯目的, 后半句 even when3editors disingenuously s edt they aimed tol all sides of a story事务的方方面面。从之间相反关系推理，se动词的修饰可以缩小到 AC 选项的范围。句子本身 goal 与 aimed to 为上下句平行结构的标志。（的该词在文中也被加亮）Questions 16 through 18 are based on the following reading passage.In Raisin in the Sun, Lorraine Hansberr

21、y does not rejectegration or the economic and moral promise of theAmerican dream; rather, she remains loyal to this dream while looking, realistically, at itsplete realization. Once werecognize this dual vi, we can accept the plays ironic nuanas deliberate sol commentaries by Hansberry rathern as th

22、e unentional ironyt Bigs by attributes to the work., a curiously persistent refusal to creditHansberry with a capacity forentional irony has led some critics toret the plays thematics as mereconfu, contradiction, or eclecticism. Isaacs, for exle, cannot easily reconcile Hansberrysense concern for he

23、rrace with her ideal of human reconciliation. But the plays complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity ascompatible is no more contradictoryn Duboiss famous, well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexistingwith human unity, or Fanons emphasis on an idealernationalismt alsomodate

24、s national identities and roles.笔者发现本文本身就是现行 GRE阅读部分曾经考过的文章，全文不做一字修改。从这个意义上说，考生对于新 GRE 部分不用抱任何恐惧感。所有现在成训练体系和阅读方法仍然是有效的，本质上的阅读文章风格没有任何变化。16. The authors primary purehe passage is toA. explain some critics refusal to consider Raisinhe Sun a deliberay ironic playB. suggestt ironic nuanally Raisinhe Sun

25、 with Du Boiss and Fanons writingsC.yze the fundamental dramatics in Raisinhe SunD. emphasize the incluof contradictory elements in Raisinhe SunE. affirm the thematic coherence underlying Raisinhe SunE，全文逻辑关系理解有点难度。文章为了说明 LH 的讽刺的才能，而不像对批评意见所说的那样正确some criticsret the plays thematics as mere confu, co

26、ntradiction, or eclecticism。所以全文论证作用上应该为 affirm coherence。17. The author of the passage would probably consider which of the following judgments to be most similar to thereasoning of the critics describedhe highlighted sentence?A. The world is certainly flat; therefore, theproing to sail around it i

27、s unquestionably foolhardy.B. Radioactivity cannot be directly perceived; therefore, a scientist could notsibly control it in a laboratory.C. The paer of this picture could notend it to be funny; therefore, its humor must result from a lack of skill.4D. Traditional sol mores are benefil to culture;

28、therefore, anyho deviates from them acts destructively.E. Filmmakers who producearies deal exclusively with facts; therefore, a filmmaker who reretsparticular events is misleading us.此题在原来老题中也相同出现。唯一的变化在于老题给出具体行号定位，而新 GRE 借助机考形式，方便考生，直接在原文 highlight 所需定位的句子。此题选 C 选项。逻辑上都是缺乏能力导致的结果而不是故意产生的预期结果。18. Cl

29、ick on the sentencehe passage in which the author provides exlest reinforce an argument against acritical response cited ear rhe passage.这种新的考题形式将在新 GRE 阅读中普遍出现，笔者称其为选择句子题。其实该题仍然是老题在机考形式下稍做改动而成，免去了考生按照 AE 选项依次定位文章寻找的时间，而直接要求考生选择。为句子 Butthe plays complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity

30、 as compatible is no more “contradictoryn DuBoiss famous, well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity, or Fanons emphasis on anidealernationalismt alsomodates national identities and roles.该题难度比原题，由于其开放型，有一定提高。离开来考虑；Rain-soaked soil contains less oxygenn does drier soi

31、l. The roots of melon plants perform less efficiently underthe low-oxygen conditions present in rain-soaked soil. When the efficiency of melon roots is impaired, the roots do notsupply sufficient amounts of the proper nutrients for the plants to perform photosynthesis at their usual levels. It follo

32、wst melon plants have lower-n-usual rate of photosynthesis when their roots are in rain-soaked soil. When thephotosynthesis of the plants slows, sugar storedhe fruits is drawn off to supply the plants with energy. Therefore, ripemelons harvested after a prolonged period of heavy rain should be less

33、stn other ripe melons.19.he argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?A. Theses theof the argument as a whole; the second providepport fort.B. Theprovides support for theof the argument as a whole; the second provides evidencetsupports an objection tot.C. Theprov

34、idepport for anermediatet supports a furthers edhe argument;the second sestermediate.D. Theserves as anermediatet supports a furthersedhe argument; the seconds es theitiont the argument as a whole opes.E. Theses theitiont the argument as a whole opes; the second supports theof theargument.5此题形式为曾经笔逻

35、辑部分的重点：逻辑单题，即全文对应了一道涉及直接逻辑推理。此题正确为 C 选项。两个黑体部分都不是直接结论，而是中间的支持型结论（前提和推理过程）。全文逻辑：oxygen-root efficiency-nutrient for photosynthesis- sugar reserve-st。对于这种题型，考生可能比较陌生，逻辑作用上的抽象和把握成为新 GRE 的特色。For the past two years at FasCorp, there has been a policy to advertise any job opening to current employees and

36、togive no job to an applicant from outside the company if a FasCorp employee apps who is qualified for the job. Thispolicy has been strictly followed, yet even though numerous employees of FasCorp have been qualified for any givenentry-levelition, some entry-level jobs have been filled with people f

37、rom outside the company.24. If the information provided is true, which of the following must on the basis of it also be true about FasCorpduring the past two years?A. There have been some open jobs for which no qualified FasCorp employee appd.B. Some entry-level job openings have not been advertised

38、 to FasCorp employees.C. The total number of employees has increased.D. FasCorp has hired some people for jobs for which they were not qualified.E. All the job openings have been for entry-level jobs.仍然是逻辑单题的类型。原文说如果在 F 公司有任何职位空缺并且员工有资格，则该职位一定给予员工。在这个条件约束下，结果现状是很多员工对任何 entrylevel 职位都合适，任有部分来自公司外的员工。

39、理解文章基础上，为了解释这些信息，可以推出有些职位空缺因为没有合适的本公司员工申请，才会有外人成功应聘。所以选 A。A tall tree can transport adred gallons of water a day from its roots deep underground to the treetop. Is this movementpropelled by pulling the water from above or pushing it from below? The pull mechanism has long been favored by mostscienti

40、edhe late 1800s, the theory res on a property of water not commonly assoted with fluids:its tensile strength. Instead of making a clean break, water evaporating from treetops tugs on the remaining watermolecules, witht tug extending from molecule to molecule all the way down to the roots. The

41、 tree itself does notactually push or pull; all the energy for lifting water comes from the suns evaporativeer.套路非常清晰的短文章。文章首句神秘现象。设问句给出两种可能解释。余下文章篇幅主要集中在一种解释之上。25. The passage is primarily concerned withA. refuting a hypothesis advanced by scientistsB. discussing the importance of a phenomenon6C. p

42、resenting asible explanation of a phenomenonD. contrastino schools of thoughtE. discussing the origins of a theory写作手法题型。把握住现象解释型套路，全文作用即为解释现象C 选项。干扰来自 D 选项。全文虽然有两种可能解释，但始终没有明确进行过对比。26. Consider each of the choiseparay and select allt apply.Which of the following sements ipported by the passage?A. T

43、he pull theory is not universally accepted by scientists.B. The pull theory depends on one of waters physical properties.C. The pull theory originated ear rn did the push theory.多选题型。正确选项 AB。A 项对应文章 The pull mechanism has long been favored by most scientists，也就说明了 not universally accepted by scienti

44、sts。B 项为文中细节：水的张力，改写符合一贯研究的解题经验：用抽象宏观的词替代原文具体内容。C 项了关键的推理严谨性：尽管文中说长久以来 pull theory 被很多人接受，但没有明确提到任何两理论时间先后比较的内容。27. The passage provides information on each of the following EXCEPTA. when the pull theory originatedB. the amount of water a tall tree can transportC. the significance of waters tensile

45、strengthhe pull theoryD. the role of the sunhe pull theoryE. the mechanism underlying waters tensile strength属于传统上 GRE 阅读中比较难细节题，无法从题干本身获得定位词的信息。A 项文中对应时间 1800，B项所提最小可能是水分子。C 项提到的 tensile strength 为理论涉及的基础性原理，26 题已经有所涉及。D 项对应文章末句。而 E 选项对文中信息做了推广延伸。在 tensile strength 更底层的具体原理机理文中没有进一步解释。Producing and

46、 using biodiesel, a fuel derived from cultivated rseed, causes 35 percent less air pollution per gallonn does producing and using regular diesel fuel. Theernment plans to reduce diesel-related air pollution over thenext decade by 25 percent, so replacing regular diesel with biodiesel would seem to b

47、e the obvious solution.Unfortunay, the greatestsible production of biodiesel would amount to only one percent of all diesel fuel to beproduced during the next 15 years.28. The passage is structured to lead to which of the following as a?A. The use of biodiesel will increase by lessn one percent over

48、 the next 15 years.7B. During the next 15 years, the production of biodiesel will be increased as fast as it issible to increase it.C. During the next 15 years, it will be imsible, just by switching to biodiesel, to meet theernments sed goalwith respect to reducing air pollution.D. Fifteen years fro

49、m now, the air pollution caused by the production and use of one gallon of regular diesel fuel willbe fearlessn it currently is.E. There will be no significant year-to-year increase in the amount of regular diesel fuel used during the next 15years.传统 diesel 油的污全文给出了很多细节性的数字，而解题需要对相关数字做出简单推算。可以设现在每染

50、x，现在一年需要消耗的油量 y。简单估算后，产量严重限制了最后 biodiesel 最后对减少污染的实际作用所以正确为 C。A 选项了产量和使用情况；B 选项与原句叙述不符；D 选项比较的是一加仑现在使用的 diesel 油与 15 年后污染情况；E 选项比较具有迷惑性，但是主体为 diesel，而不是文中的 biodiesel。变化趋势详解经过刚才对每道样题的理解过程中，考生可能会鲜明感到新 GRE 的创新和分别如何实现。本文的从基本的参数分析，最后上升到能力要求的层面。（1）阅读题量和速度要求在现行 GRE每个 Verbal 语文部分的阅读为一长一短两篇文章。篇幅上长文章 400600 词

51、，短文章150200 词，题量总共为 11 题，现场应当在 1518 分钟内完成。而新 GRE 阅读部分一共 7 篇短文章，去除了较长段落的，题量为 14 题。8文章篇幅长度（单词数）题干选项总长度（单词数）总计阅读量（单词数）短文 1（68 题）155206361短文 2（910 题）117112229短文 3（1618 题）158195353短文 4（19 题）112134246短文 5（24 题）7685161短文 6（2527 题）119150269短文 7（28 题）79131210考生最为关心的变化之一集中在对阅读速度的要求上。根据东方填空老师估计，新 GRE 填空题部分总计需要6.25+3+6+9=24.25min 时间，相应大致考生所需的阅读速度应该达到 1829/15.75=116.12 words permit（去除思考时间）。总体从阅读速度要求上，基本和现行 GRE 阅读处在相近水平。（2）阅读新题型变化题型的变化直接反映了 ETS侧重点的转移。新的 GRE 阅读必然以逻辑推理为重中之重。为考生以后研究生院的学习做出一个宏观上的指引。（3）阅读题目分配出了单纯的阅读篇幅和题量比较，依照笔者经验，一个更重要发生变化的参数为出题密度。现行 GRE 阅读部分长文章对应 7 道题而短文章对应 4