2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案2021英语真题答案

1、2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案2021英语真题答案2021年考研英语(一)真题Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choosethe best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But _so

2、me claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _, a good laugh is unlikely to have _ benefits the

3、 way, say, walking or jogging does._,instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently acplishes the _, studies dating back to the1930s indicate that laughter.muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help_the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of lau

4、ghing probably does produce other types of _feedback,that improve an individuals emotional state._oneclassical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _ physical reactions.Itwas argued at the end of the19th century that humans do not cry _they are sad but they bee sad when te tears begin

5、 to flow.Althoughsadness also _ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _ muscular responses.In an experiment published in1988,social psychologist Fritz.1AamongBexcept Cdespite Dlike2AreflectBdemand Cindicate Dproduce 3AstabilizingBboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining 4AtransmitBsustain Cevaluate

6、 Dobserve 5AmeasurableBmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6AInturn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief 7AoppositeBimpossible Caverage Dexpected 8AhardensBweakens Ctightens Drelaxes 9AaggravateBgenerate Cmoderate Denhance10AphysicalBmental Csubconscious Dinternal11AExceptfor BAccording to CDue to DAs for1

7、2AwithBon Cin Dat13AunlessBuntil Cif Dbecause14AexhaustsBfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses15AintoBfrom Ctowards Dbeyond16AfetchBbite Cpick Dhold17AdisappointedBexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent18AadaptedBcatered Cturned Dreacted19AsuggestingBrequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing20AEventually BConsequently CSimila

8、rly DConversely Section II Reading prehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts.Answerthe questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points) Text1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has

9、 been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in2021.Forthe most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least.“Hooray!At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.Oneof the reasons why the appointment came as s

10、uch a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is paratively little known.EvenTommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hither

11、to been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.Formy part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.Tobe sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting positions, but it

12、 is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.AllI have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my puter and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devotedconcertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live perform

13、ance are missing the point.Forthe time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must pete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater panies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the20th century.Thererecordi

14、ngs are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing.Thewidespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the tr

15、aditional classical concert.Onepossible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.Gilbertsown interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Phil

16、harmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough.IfGilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and

17、the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment has Aincurred criticism.Braisedsuspicion.Creceivedacclaim.Darousedcuriosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is Ainfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.Theauthor believes that the devoted concer

18、tgoers Aignore the expenses of live performances.Brejectmost kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggeratethe variety of live performances.Doverestimatethe value of live performances.24.According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings? AThey are often inferior to live concerts in qua

19、lity.BTheyare easily accessible to the general public.CTheyhelp improve the quality of music.DTheyhave only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels Adoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.Text2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Ba

20、nk of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up.Ratherthan cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a pany.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says.Withintwo weeks, he was ta

21、lking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September29.McGeesays leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of pany he wanted to run.Italso sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspira

22、tions.AndMcGee isnt alone.Inrecent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.Asboards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on.Aturbulent busi

23、ness environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a .Inthe third quarter, CEO turnover was down23% from a year ago as nervous boards

24、stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research.Asthe economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.Thedecision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.Foryears executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive

25、 CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.SaysKorn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.” Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly.EllenMarram quit as c

26、hief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO.Itwas a year before she became head of a tiny Inter-based modities exchange.RobertWillumstad left Citigroup in20 xx with ambitions to be a CEO.Hefinally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Manyrecruiters say

27、the old disgrace is fading for top performers.Thefinancial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“Thetraditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter.“Thepeople whove been hurt the worst are those

28、whove stayed too long.”26.WhenMcGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being Aarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.Accordingto Paragraph2, senior executives quitting may be spurred by Atheir expectation of better financial status.Btheirneed to reflect on their priva

29、te life.Ctheirstrained relations with the boards.Dtheirpursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means Aapproved of.Battendedto.Chuntedfor.Dguardedagainst.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Atop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloya

30、ltyof top performers is getting out-dated.Ctopperformers care more about reputations.Ditssafer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text? ACEOs: Where to Go? BCEOs: All the Way Up? CTop Managers Jump without a DThe Only Way Out for Top Performers Text

31、 3 The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.Nolonger.Whiletraditional “paid” media such as television mercials and print advertisements still play a major role, panies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.Consumerspassionate about a product may crea

32、te “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.Theway consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paidand owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.Forearned media , such mar

33、keters act as the initiator for users responses.Butin some cases, one marketers owned media bee another marketers paid media for instance, when an e-merce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.Wedefine such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their c

34、ontent or e-merce engines within that environment.Thistrend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.Johnson&; Johnson, for exle, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that

35、 promotes plementary and even petitive products.Besidesgenerating ine, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives panies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other panies marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all panies concerned.Thesame

36、 dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) munications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.Suchhijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an

37、 asset or caign bees hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product.Membersof social works, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.Ifthat happens, passionate

38、 consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target pany at risk.Insuch a case, the panys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep.ToyotaMotor, for exle, alleviated some of the damage from its recall cri

39、sis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response caign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumersmay create “earned” media when they are A obscssed with online shopping at certain Web

40、sites.B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.Denthusiastic about remending their favorite products.32.Accordingto Paragraph2,sold media feature A a safe business environment.Brandom petition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in o

41、rganization.33.Theauthor indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media A invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible for fiercer petition.Ddeserve all the negative ments about them.34.Toyota Motors experience is cited a

42、s an exle of A responding effectively to hijacked media.Bpersuading customers into boycotting products.Ccooperating with supportive consumers.Dtaking advantage of hijacked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about ? A Alternatives to conventional paid media.BConflict between hijacked

43、and earned media.CDominance of hijacked media.DPopularity of owned media.Text4 Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anyt

44、hing less than a pletely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.Ratherthan concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happ

45、y as a past-tense condition.Eventhough the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment den our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.” The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cut

46、e baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.Thereare also stories about newly adoptive and newly single mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news.Practicallyevery week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the n

47、ewsstands.Ina society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesnt seem quite fair, then, to pare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children.Unhappyparents rarely a

48、re provoked to wonder if they shouldnt have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Ofcourse, the image of parenthoo

49、d that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.Accordingto several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all.Noshock there, consider

50、ing how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.Itshard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it

51、look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.Butits interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same wa

52、y that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.JenniferSenior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring Atemporary delight Benjoyment in progress Chappiness in retrospect Dlasting reward 37.We learn from Paragraph2 tha

53、t Acelebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.Bsinglemothers with babies deserve greater attention.Cnewsabout pregnant celebrities is entertaining.Dhavingchildren is highly valued by the public.38.Itis suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks Aare constantly exposed to criticism.Barelarge

54、ly ignored by the media.Cfailto fulfill their social responsibilities.Dareless likely to be satisfied with their life.39.Accordingto Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is Asoothing.Bambiguous.Cpensatory.Dmisleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragra

55、ph? AHaving children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.BCelebritymoms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.CHavingchildren intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.DWesometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.PartB Directions: The following paragraph are giv

56、en in a wrong order.ForQuestions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes.ParagraphsE and G have been correctly placed.Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) A No disciplines have seized on

57、 professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities.Youcan, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four.Butthe regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years.Notsurprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English d

58、rop out before getting their degrees.BHis concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on.Theseare disciplines that are going out of style:22% of American college graduates now major in business pared with only2% in history and 4% in English.However,many leading Am

59、erican universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses.Butmost find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like.AtHarvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-

60、they form a sort of social glue.CEqually unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school.Thereare simply too few posts.Thisis partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs.Butfewer students want to study humanities subjects: English