关系代词基本用法（凤山书屋）

1、 GrammarThe Attributive Clause(关系代词之基本用法)1阳山书屋c The Attributive Clause（定语从句） 1. 概念: 在复合句中， 修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。She is an English teacher who likes traveling.定语从句关系词先行词结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句2阳山书屋cShe is an English teacher who likes traveling.定语从句关系词先行词结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句关系词:1.关系代

2、词: 2.关系副词:whichthat、whowhomwhose when wherewhy2.关系词的三大作用：1）. 连接主从句2）. 替代先行词（关系词=先行词）3）. 在从句中做成分意义3阳山书屋c关系代词先行词从句成分例句who人主语宾语The man who I met today told me to come back.The reporter who is talking to the worker is famous.whom 人宾语The girl whom I met looks like Lily.that人；物主语宾语She is the person that I

3、 want to see.The boy that has just left here is my brother.which 物主语宾语This is a book which was written by Hemingway.The pen which you lent me is lost.whose 人；物定语The room whose window is red is mine.This is the scientist whose name is John Nash.4阳山书屋c关系代词- that that : 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语/宾语,且作宾语时可省略.

4、 A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. Who is the man that is reading a book ? The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Betty. 5阳山书屋c关系代词- which which: 指物,在定语从句中作主语 or宾语，作宾语时可省略. I lost the book which you gave me. This is our school which is very beautiful.6阳山书屋c

5、(一)只能用that不能用which 当先行词是不定代词时all/none/anything/nothing/everythingAll that can be done must be done.We should make use of everything that is useful.7阳山书屋c(一)只能用that不能用which的情形 当先行词被 all/little/few/much/some/any/no/every 修饰时All the students that are studying in our class are from Guangdong province.8阳

6、山书屋c当先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the only / the very 修饰时This is the only book that I can find in my desk.He is the very guy that I want to talk to.The first thing that you should do is to eat sth.(一)只能用that不能用which 9阳山书屋c 当主句前以which / who 开头 的特殊疑问词时 (避免重复)Who is the girl that is standing over there?Which ball is

7、the one that belongs to Mike?(一)只能用that不能用which的情形 10阳山书屋c(一)只能用that不能用which 5 当先行词同时指物和人时, 只能用that.We are talking about the people and the things that we have visited in the county.11阳山书屋cSummary: 只能用that的情况1. 先行词既有指人又有指物2. 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时， 有the only, the very 等修饰时3. 先行词是all, much, anything, some

8、thing, nothing等不定代词时4. 主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时12阳山书屋c(二)只能用which不能用that which可以引导非限制性定语从句 ， that不能The recorder ,which I paid 200 dollars, proves to be very useful.Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.13阳山书屋c which之前可以有介词，而that不能I will never forget the school in which we studied together. This is

9、 the question about which they are discussing.(二)只能用which不能用that的情形14阳山书屋cwho: 指人，在定语从句中作主语，或宾语 做主语不能省略关系代词- who Many people who died in the earthquake were children. The person who has little hair is Mr. Zhang.15阳山书屋c(二)只能用who不能用that 先行词是one, ones, those, anyone,heHe who doesnt work hard will not p

10、ass the exam.16阳山书屋c whom: 指人，在定语从句中作宾语; 作及物动词宾语可省略, 但在介词后不可省略。 关系代词- whomThe girl (whom) you saw just now is my sister. The man whom you just talked to/with is Mr.Li. =The man to/with whom you just talked is Mr.Li.类似的短语搭配有: talk about /take care of/ look for/look after/learn from/listen to等17阳山书屋c(

11、二)只能用whom不能用who当关系代词前有介词时The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.18阳山书屋c(二)能位于介词后的关系代词Which I will never forget the school in which we studied together.whom. The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.19阳山书屋c关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：（1）Whom, which作介词宾语时，介词一般可以放在它们的前面，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是如果是固定词组，不能把介词和动词拆开 There is a

12、room in which you can study.which you study in.Rose is the student whom you should look after/take care of.20阳山书屋c关系代词who,which, that,在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。Anyone who _ over 20 can join the army.I ,who _ your friend , will help you.isam 21阳山书屋c 注意：作宾语时关系代词可省。1.The man who/ I met today told

13、 me to come back.2.The girl whom / I met looks like Lily.3.She is the person that / I want to see.The pen which / you lent me is lost.4.The best work _ she wrote and _ I have read will be made into film.A which; that B that; that C that; / D / ; /22阳山书屋c1. This is our monitor whose English is very g

14、ood. 2. I borrowed a book from the library whose name is “War and Peace”. whose : 既可指人也可指物, 在定语从句中作定语关系代词- whose23阳山书屋cIt is a poor dog.Its heart is broken.It is a poor dog whose heart is broken.24阳山书屋cThe man is shouting for help . His house is on fire .The man whose house is on fire is shouting fo

15、r help.25阳山书屋cThe girl is being taken to a hospital .Her leg broke in the earthquake .The girl whose leg broke in the earthquake is taken to a hospital . 26阳山书屋cThis is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.I know the gir

16、l whose name is Mary.I know the girl of whom the name is Mary.I know the girl the name of whom is Mary.27阳山书屋c总结：关系代词的用法成分先行词指人先行词指物主语 Do you know the man _ came to see Xiao Yang this morning?I couldnt find the book _was bought yesterday.宾语He is a man_ _we should all learn from.The table _you just s

17、aw is made of plastics.定语Do you know the boy _ parents are on holiday?Ive never been to the room _windows are broken.who /that which /that who /that /whom which /that whosewhose/ / 28阳山书屋c怎样判断用什么关系代词口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物 后看从句里, 有无主宾语29阳山书屋c关于定语从句的难点,和出错点.1.定语从句的从句部分出现代替的内容.This is the book that I like it

18、 best.2.插入语成分.The beggar who I think is poor is in fact rich.从句部分30阳山书屋c定语从句中的主谓一致问题.1.She is one of the girls who _ praised at the meeting.2.She is the only one of the girls who _ praised at the meeting. ( be ) areis5.在先行词缺少的情况下,要用the one 来补充它的先行词,然后确定它的关系词This is the factory _ I worked last year.T

19、his factory is _ I worked last year.This factory is _ I visited last year.where/ in which the one where the one that/ /31阳山书屋c6.与其他从句和句式的区别与where 和 when 引导的 状语从句的区别.区别的关键就是:是否有先行词.This is the school where I studied many years ago.There were a lot of sheep where I lived.I will never forget the day wh

20、en I first went to school.We were about to start when it began to rain. in which on which连词; 在那里连词; 就在那个/就这个时候32阳山书屋cLets do some exercise!33阳山书屋c1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.2. The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.3. The girl_ mother is a teacher c

21、an speak English very well.4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library.5. I cant find the book _you lent to me.who/that/ who/whom/that/ whosewhich/thatthat/which/ 巩固练习： 用适当的关系词填空34阳山书屋c1.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else_you want? A.

22、which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D. itChoose the best answers:35阳山书屋c10. Please take the second chair_is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that 11.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B./ C.which D.it 12.Finally, the

23、thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（NMET98) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 36阳山书屋c14. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which37阳山书屋c15. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we expected. A. what B. w

24、hich C. that D. it38阳山书屋c1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this 2.I know the student _you borrowed the pen.A. that B. from whom C. from which D. whom3. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom4. Is this fac

25、tory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. that C. which D. /练一练！39阳山书屋c1.The man _ I saw told me to wait.2.The man to _ I spoke was a foreigner.3. I know a boy _ father is an acrobat. (杂技演员)4. He saw a house _ windows were all broken.Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.whowhomwhosewhosewhom40阳山书屋cLets do some exercise!Make sentences with the expressions and pictures.41阳山书屋cthe ship/was the most beautiful in the world at that timeTita