历年考研英语真题及答案解析(解密版)

1、历年考研英语真题及答案解析（解密版）全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionI:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaughttherainyesterday.inbywithatANSWER:ANodoctorscouldcurethepatie

2、nthisstrangedisease.withoffromoffHewashiswits?endwhattodo.inonatofPriorhisdeparture,headdressedalettertohisdaughter.toofinfromThedrivinginstructortoldmetopullatthepostoffice.upbackroundalongWhenthere?sadoubt,thechairman?sdecisionis.rightdefinitefixedfinalWecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhi

3、sjudgmentisalways.unquestionablesoundsubtlehealthyThenoiseoftheplanediedinthedistance.awayoutdownoffHospitaldoctorsdon?tgooutveryoftenastheirworkalltheirtime.takesawaytakesintakesovertakesupAttendancesatfootballmatcheshavesincethecomingoftelevision.droppedindroppeddowndroppedoffdroppedoutAfterthedea

4、thoftheirparents,thesistersgotwellandneverquarreled.awayinalongoutTheyalwaysgivethevacantseatstocomesfirst.whowhomwhoeverwhomeverAhatinwhichinorderthatinthewayHeisofanactor.anybodyanyonesomebodysomet

5、hingThecaptainapologizedtotellusmoreabouttheaccident.fortobeunablethathewasunabletobeunableforbeingunableisnoreasonfordischargingher.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateOwingtoafewminutesbeinglateThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateBeingafewminuteslateSectionII:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage

6、,therearefourchoiceslabeledA,B,CandD.Choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceinthebracketsbelowthepassage.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoices.(10points)OnWednesdayafternoonsAnnietookthebusintotowntoshopinthemarket.Foranhouror_16_shewouldwalkupanddownbetweenthestallslookingateverything,buyinghereandth

7、ere,and_17_asharplookoutforthebargainsthatweresometimestobehad.Andthen,withallthethingssheneeded_18_shewouldleavethemarketforthestreetsofthetowntospendanotherhour_19_shelikedbest:lookinginfurnitureshopwindows.OneWednesdayshefoundanewshopfullofthemostdelightfulthings,withanoticeinvitinganyonetowalkin

8、andlook_20_withoutfeelingtheyhadtobuysomething.Anniehesitatedforamomentbeforesteppingthroughthedoorwaywhere,almostatonce,shestopped_21_beforeagreenarmchair.Therewasacardonthechairwhichsaid:“Thisfinechairisyours_22_lessthanapoundaweek,”andverysmallatthebottom,“Cashpriceeighty-ninepoundsfifty.”Apounda

9、week._23_,shecouldalmostpaythatoutofherhousekeepingmoneyandnevermissit!Avoiceathershouldermadeher_24_.“CanIhelpyou,Madam?”Shelookedroundattheassistantwhohadcomesoftlytoher_25_.“Oh,well,no,”shesaid.“Iwasjustlooking.”“We?vechairsofallkindsintheshowroom.Ifyou?lljustcomeup,youwillfindsomethingtosuityou.

10、”Annie,worriedatthethoughtofbeingpersuadedtobuysomethingshedidn?tneed,lefttheshophurriedly.AsomoreelseanotherAtakingmakingfixingkeepingAbuyboughtbuyingtohaveboughtAinawaybythewayinthewayonthewayAbehindroundbackonAdoubtedwonderedpuzzleddelightedAatforwithinAWhyWhenHowWhatAjumpleaplaughwonderAplacebac

11、ksidefrontSectionIII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthetwopassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)Text1Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisis

12、onspecialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeingreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetr

13、ees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancallthesepeople“generalists.”Andthese“generalists”areparticularlyneededforpositionsinadministration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople?swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisc

14、oncerniswithtechniqueandtools.Heisa“trained”man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.Thegeneralist-andespeciallytheadministrator-dealswithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated”man;andthehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryra

15、relyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalsoagoodspecialistinparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtopl

16、anyourcareeraccordingly.Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou-butthisispureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyourself

17、andyourfitnessforbeinganemployee.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor.allroundpeopleintheirownfieldspeoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople?sworkgeneralistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessionalspecialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothersThespecialistis.amanwhosejob

18、istotrainotherpeopleamanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefieldsamanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetreesamanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmattersTheadministratoris.a“trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralistamanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforestamanwhoisverystronginthehumanitiesamanw

19、hoisan“educated”specialistDuringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant.totrytobeageneralisttochooseaprofitablejobtofindanorganizationwhichfitsyoutodecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralistAman?sfirstjob.isnevertherightjobforhimshouldnotberegardedashisfinaljobshouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesu

20、spiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjobisprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljobTest2AtthebottomoftheworldliesamightycontinentstillwrappedintheIceAgeand,untilrecenttimes,unknowntoman.Itisagreatlandmasswithmountainrangeswhoseextentandelevationarestilluncertain.Muchofthecontinentisacompleteblankonou

21、rmaps.Manhasexplored,onfoot,lessthanonepercentofitsarea.AntarcticadiffersfundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.TheArcticisanocean,coveredwithdriftingpackediceandhemmedinbythelandmassesofEurope,Asia,andNorthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEuropeandAustraliacombined,centeredroughlyontheSout

22、hPoleandsurroundedbythemostunobstructedwaterareasoftheworld-theAtlantic,Pacific,andIndianOceans.Thecontinentalicesheetismorethantwomileshighinitscentre,thus,theairovertheAntarcticisfarmorerefrigeratedthanitisovertheArcticregions.Thiscoldaircurrentfromthelandissoforcefulthatitmakesthenearbyseasthesto

23、rmiestintheworldandrendersunlivablethoseregionswhosecounterpartsattheoppositeendoftheglobeareinhabited.Thus,morethanamillionpersonslivewithin2,000milesoftheNorthPoleinanareathatincludesmostofAlaska,Siberia,andScandinavia-aregionrichinforestandminingindustries.Apartfromahandfulofweatherstations,withi

24、nthesamedistanceoftheSouthPolethereisnotasingletree,industry,orsettlement.Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe.IcelandLandofOpportunityTheUnknownContinentUtopiaatLastAtthetimethisarticlewaswritten,ourknowledgeofAntarcticawas.verylimitedvastfairlyrichnonexistentAntarcticaisborderedbythe.PacificOceanIn

25、dianOceanAtlanticOceanAllthreeTheAntarcticismadeuninhabitableprimarilyby.coldaircalmseasicelackofknowledgeaboutthecontinentAccordingtothisarticle.2,000peopleliveontheAntarcticContinentamillionpeoplelivewithin2,000milesoftheSouthPoleweatherconditionswithina2,000mileradiusoftheSouthPolemakesettlements

26、impracticalonlyahandfulofnativesinhabitAntarcticaSectionIV:StructureandVocabularyFillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethesentences.Putyourchoicesinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad;itsixhouses.endedfinishedwaslastedANSWER:DMusicoftenusofeventsinthep

27、ast.remembersmemorizesremindsreflectsIfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshouldmycold.heatcuretreatrecoverIcouldjustseeacarinthedistance,butIcouldn?twhatcolouritwas.makeoutlooktolookouttakeinIcouldtellhewassurprisedfromtheonhisface.appearanceshocklooksightThetoyboatturnedoverandsanktotheofthepool.basedept

28、hgroundbottomMarynevertellsanyonewhatshedoesfora.jobworkprofessionlivingThatboyissuchagoodviolinisthewillprobablymakequiteaforhimself.starcreditnamecharacterOldphotographsgiveoneabriefofthepast.glanceglimpsesightlookThenovelistisahighlyperson.imaginableimaginativeimaginaryimaginedAlthoughthepayisnot

29、good,peopleusuallyfindsocialworkinotherways.payablerespectfulgratefulrewardingSectionV:Error-detectionandCorrectionEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedparts(wordsorphrases).ThesepartsarelabeledA,B,C,andD.Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.The

30、n,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownthecorrectwordorphraseonthelinefollowingthebrackets.(10points)EXAMPLE:You?vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecauseAthere?sBhardlysomethingCleft.DANSWER:CanythingTheprofessortoldtheeconomicsAstudentthathedidn?tapproveBinChistakingtheadvancedcoursebef

31、oreDhemadeapassingmarkinEconomics1.AlthoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareaarestillAinneedofrepair,BtherehavebeenCimprovementinthefacilities.DMr.GilmoreisoneofthosemenwhoappearsAtobefriendlyBhowever,itisveryhardtodealCwithhim.DTounderstandthesituationcompletelyArequiresBmorethoughtthanhasgivenCthusfar

32、.DAgreatmanyAeducatorsfirmlyBbelievethatEnglishisoneofthepoorestCtaughtsubjectsinhighschoolstoday.DOfallhisoutdoorAactivities.Paullikesfishingbestofall,Bbuthedoesn?tenjoycleaningCfishingrodsafterwards.DIshouldAnothaverecognizedtheBmanevenCyouhadtoldDmehisname.Inanhour?sAtimeIhaddonetheworkwithBmysat

33、isfaction;IgotmyhatinChallandslippedoutunnoticed.DThenewhotelhaserectedAabeautifulbuildingwithBrecreationareasandconferencefacilitiesonthetopfloorinwhichCthefinestviewofthecitycanbeobtained.DWhileinAEurope,thetouristsenjoyedtoBtheirheart?sCcontenttheweather,thefoodandgoingtothetheatre.DSectionVI:Ver

34、bFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofverbsgiveninbrackets.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident(appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointedTheenemyretreatedtothewoodsafterthey(defeat).I(speak)tohimforsometimebeforeIrealizedwhohewas.Oneshouldneverloseone?sheartwhen(c

35、onfront)withtemporarydifficulties.Thehousesuddenlycollapsedwhileit(pull)down.On(give)anassignmenttomakeabusinesstourabroad,hegladlyacceptedit.(Get)everythingready,theygotdowntomapoutaplanfortheconstructionofanewexpressway.AfterPetergrewabeard,evenhisclosefriends(notrecognize)himatfirstsight.Darkness

36、(set)in,theyoungpeoplelingeredonmerrymaking.Thestudentswereto(assemble)attheauditoriumbefore1:30p.m.,butthelecturewascanceledatthelastminute.Emphasisislaidonthenecessitythatalltheobjectivestobeattained(take)intoaccountbeforestartinganewproject.SectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowi

37、ngsentencesintoEnglish.(15points)去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件。他在科研上取得的成就要比预期的大。我们现在必须做的是把情况作一番仔细的调查。很难说哪个方案更为切实可行。昨晚如果他来了，问题也许已得到解决。SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)Itwouldbeinterestingtodiscove

38、rhowmanyyoungpeoplegotouniversitywithoutanyclearideaofwhattheyaregoingtodoafterwards.(71)Ifoneconsiderstheenormousvarietyofcoursesoffered,itisnothardtoseehowdifficultitisforastudenttoselectthecoursemostsuitedtohisinterestsandabilities.(72)Ifastudentgoestouniversitytoacquireabroaderperspectiveoflife,

39、toenlargehisideasandtolearntothinkforhimself,hewillundoubtedlybenefit.(73)Schoolsoftenhavetoorestrictinganatmosphere,withitstimetablesanddisciplines,toallowhimmuchtimeforindependentassessmentoftheworkheisaskedtodo.(74)Moststudentswould,Ibelieve,profitbyayearofsuchexplorationofdifferentacademicstudie

40、s,especiallythose“allrounders”withnoparticularinterest.Theyshouldhavelongertimetodecideinwhatsubjecttheywanttotaketheirdegrees,sothatinlaterlife,theydonotlookbackandsay,“Ishouldliketohavebeenanarchaeologist.IfIhadnttakenadegreeinModernLanguages,Ishouldn?thaveendedupasaninterpreter,butit?stoolatenow.

41、Icouldn?tgobackandbeginalloveragain.”(75)Thereis,ofcourse,anothersidetothequestionofhowtomakethebestuseofone?stimeatuniversity.(76)Thisisthecaseofthestudentwhoexcelsinaparticularbranchoflearning.(77)HeisimmediatelyacceptedbytheUniversityofhischoice,andspendshisthreeorfouryearsbecomingaspecialist,eme

42、rgingwithafirst-classHonourDegreeandverylittleknowledgeofwhattherestoftheworldisallabout.(78)Itthereforebecomesmoreandmoreimportantthat,ifstudentsarenottowastetheiropportunities,therewillhavetobemuchmoredetailedinformationaboutcoursesandmoreadvice.Onlyinthiswaycanwebesurethatwearenottohave,ontheoneh

43、and,abandofspecialistsignorantofanythingoutsideoftheirownsubject,andontheotherhand,aneverincreasingnumberofgraduatesqualifiedinsubjectsforwhichthereislittleornodemandintheworkingworld.SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(15points)BCAADBADC10.C11.C12.A13.D14.D15.CSectionII:Error-detectionandCorrection(10p

44、oints)16.A17.D18.B19.C20.B21.D22.B23.A24.A25.CSectionIII:ReadingComprehension(10points)26.B27.D28.C29.D30.B31.C32.A33.D34.A35.CSectionIV:StructureandVocabulary(10points)36.C37.B38.A39.C40.D41.D42.C43.B44.B45.DSectionV:Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)46.Capproveof47.Chasbeen48.Aappear49.Chasbee

45、ngiven50.Cmostpoorly51.B(the)best,(the)most52.Cevenif,eventhough53.Bto54.Cwhere,fromwhich,onwhich55.DthetheatreSectionVI:VerbForms(10points)56.weredefeated/hadbeendefeated57.hadbeenspeaking58.confronted59.wasbeingpulled60.beinggiven61.Havinggot62.could/didnotrecognize,werenotabletorecognize63.settin

46、g64.haveassembled/assemble65.(should)betakenSectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(15points)Thegoodcroplastyearwasduetotheimprovementoffarmmanagementandfavorableweathercondition.Thesuccesshehasachievedinscientificresearchisgreaterthanexpected.Whatwemustdonowistomakeacarefulinvestigationofthesituation

47、.It?shardtosaywhichplanismorepracticable.Ifhehadcomeyesterdayevening,thequestionmighthavebeensolved.SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation(20points)如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。如果一个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识，为了扩大思想境界和学会独立思考，那么毫无疑问，进大学对他是有好处的。学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束，气氛往往令人感到过于拘束，使学

48、生没有充分时间对规定要他做的事情有独立的见解。我认为大多数学生，尤其是那些没有偏重某一门课程的，全面发展的学生”，经过一年左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研，将会从中获益。当然，关于一个人如何最充分地利用上大学的时间，还有另外一个方面。某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。77他一毕业马上就被一所他自己选中的大学所接受，再花三、四年时间，以优异的成绩取得荣誉学位，成为一名专家，但对外界的一切却几乎一无所知。78.因此，如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更多的指点。这个问题显得越来越重要了。1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section

49、I:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaughttherainyesterday.inbywithatANSWER:ATheskyscraperstandsoutthebluesky.inagainstunderbeneathTheyhavealways

50、beenongoodwiththeirnext-doorneighbors.friendshiprelationsconnectiontermsHello!Isthat21035?Pleaseputmetothemanager.acrossupthroughoverWhydoyoulookso?Youneversmileorlookcheerful.miserableunfortunatesorryrudeEggs,thoughnourishing,haveoffatcontent.largenumberalargenumberthehighamountahighamountJimalways

51、hisclassmatesinadebate.backsoutbacksawaybacksupbacksdownMostofthepeoplewhotwoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.havelivedouthavelivedthroughhavelivedonhavelivedoffTherearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobewhenyouarecamping.putupputupwithputoffputawayIsittruethatthoseoldhousesarebeingpulleddownnewoffice

52、blocks?toaccommodatetoprovidefortoincreasetomakeroomforBeinginnogreathurry,.wewentthelongroutewithscenerythelong,scenicroutewasourpreferencewetookthelongscenicrouteourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicrouteSectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthreepassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestion

53、therearefouranswers,readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestion.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Text1Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethe

54、firstmechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,”whichcouldcarrymanstraightup,butwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpilotedastrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfromastandingstart,hoveredafewfeetab

55、ovetheground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthensettledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonalhelicopters.Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenot

56、fulfilled.Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices,manymetropolitanareasusetheminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways

57、,engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisalikelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacrosstown,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescue

58、work,andaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.Peopleexpectthat.theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicoptershelicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefromplacetoplaceasairlinersarenowdoingtheimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer?sinventionwouldbecomearealityinthefuture

59、theirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersoftodayHelicoptersworkwiththeaidof.acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontoparotatingdevicetopsideonerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachendarotatingfanunderneathforliftingWhatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopt

60、er?Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverageindividuals.Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurpo