第四章商业银行和服务

1、Chapter 4 Commercial Banks and ServicesNew Words and ExpressionsCommercial bank 商业银行 raise money 筹集资金 investment bank 投资银行 deposit 存款 loan 贷款 withdraw 取款 debt instruments 债务工具 telegraphic transfer 电汇 bank drafts 银行汇票 overdraft 透支 installment loan 分期贷款 letter of credit 信用证 principal 本金 interest 利息 AT

2、M 自动柜员机 secured loan 担保贷款 collateral 担保品 mortgage loan 按揭贷款 real estate 不动产 financial institution 金融机构 dealer 交易商 broker 经纪商 fixed rate mortgages 固定利率按揭贷款 adjustable rate mortgages 可调整利率按揭贷款 unsecured loans 无担保贷款 checking account 支票账户 saving account 储蓄账户 certificate of deposit 存单 Individual Retireme

3、nt Account 个人退休金账户BackgroundWhat is a bank?A bank is an institution that deals in money and provides other financial services. 现代银行是一个经营货币以及货币替代物并提供金融服务的机构。How do banks make money?Banks accept deposits and make loans and derive a profit from the difference in the interest rates paid and charged, res

4、pectively.derive sth from sth 从 中获得interest rate 利率charge 收费 银行接受存款并提供贷款服务，相应的从存贷利差中获取利润。Banks also charge fees for services like checking, ATM access andoverdraft protection. 银行对所提供的服务也收取费用如提供支票 ,自动柜员机存取和透支保护等。Bank ServicesCommercial banks provide numerous services in the U.S. financial system. The

5、 services can be broadly classified as follows: (1) individual banking, (2) institutional banking, and (3) global banking.在美国的金融体系中， 商业银行为整个经济提供着多种服务。 这些服务大致可分为三类： 零售银行业务；机构银行业务；全球银行业务。Comprehension of the TextWhat the commercial banks are?What the role of commercial banks is?What is a loan?How many

6、 types of loans granted by commercial banks?What is a checking account?What is a saving account?课文难句理解Commercial banks are banking institutions that are geared more toward the lending of money to customers, rather than focusing on generating or raising money. gear towards sth 使适合于，满足于The course had

7、been geared towards the specific needs of its members. 课程已作调整， 以满足学 员的特别需要。商业银行更多的是向客户提供贷款而非专注于产生或筹集资金的金融机构。A commercial bank accepts deposits to personal and corporate accounts, and then uses the combined strength of the deposits to finance loans for individuals and businesses. 商业银行接受个人和企业帐户的存款，然后运

8、用筹集的资金为个人和企业提供贷款。A commercial bank may also extend a personal loan to an individual for home improvements or to consolidate a number of personal debt instruments. 商业银行可以为个人房屋改善或者合并一系列的个人债务工具提供贷款。Debt Consolidation Loans 债务合并贷款是为那些被众多债务纠缠而找不到解决办法的人准备的， 它可以将债务人多项 负债捆绑起来， 组合为一笔新贷款统一偿还。 由此， 债务人每月只需面对一个债

9、权人， 偿还 一笔能够负担的还款额。 对于那些信用卡透支严重和有多项贷款等待偿还， 甚至已经走到破 产的边缘的人来说，债务合并贷款是一个很好的选择。The type of business loans that would be offered by a commercial institution would include funds to finance a payroll or to purchase operating supplies. 这种由商业银行提供的企业贷款包括为企业工资薪酬发放或者购买营业用品提供资金。 telegraphic transfer 电汇EFTPOS （Ele

10、ctronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale） 电子转账 bank drafts 银行汇票 bank cheques 银行支票 term deposit 定期存款 overdraft 透支 installment loan 分期付款 documentary and standby letter of credit 跟单备用信用证 信用证是有条件的银行担保，是银行（开证行）应买方（申请人）的要求和指示保证立即或 将来某一时间内付给卖方（受益人）一笔款项。卖方（受益人）得到这笔钱的条件是向银行 （议付行）提交信用证中规定的单据。Guarantee 担保 perfo

11、rmance bonds 履约保函 履约保函是指招标人和中标的投标人在签订合同后， 即成为发包人和承包人。 承包人必须向 发包人提供银行开立的履约保函，金额一般为合同金额的10 15，以确保承包人按合同条款履约。否则，由银行负责赔偿一定金额，最高不超过履约保函的总金额。securities underwriting commitments 证券包销 /承销 off balance sheet 表外 safe deposit boxes （银行的）保管箱 distribution 分销 brokerage 经纪业务 unit trusts 单位信托基金financial supermarket

12、金融超市services of loans granted by commercial banks 商业银行提供的贷款服务grant 同意，准予，允许The bank fin ally gran ted a 500 loan to me.银行终于同意给我贷款500 英镑。My request was granted. 我的请求得到批准。She was granted a divorce. 她获准离婚。A loan is a financial transaction in which one party (lender) agrees to give another party (the bo

13、rrower) a certain amount of money with the expectation of total repayment.贷款是一种金融交易，在该交易中，一方(贷款人)同意给与另一方(借款人)未来需要全 额偿付的一定数量的资金。Promissory note本票是一个人向另一个人签发的， 保证即期或定期或在可以确定的将来的时间， 对某人或其 指定人或持票人支付一定金额的无条件书面承诺。Because a loan can contain many hidden costs such as interest payments and finance charges, m

14、any people tend to avoid applying for on until it becomes absolutely necessary.因为贷款包含了许多诸如利息支付和财务费用的隐性成本， 因此除非万不得已， 许多人通常 不愿意申请。A secured loan is a loan in which the borrower pledges some asset (e.g., a car or property) as collateral (i.e., security) for the loan.担保贷款是借款人抵押某种资产(如汽车或财产)作为担保品(如证券)的贷款。

15、 担保贷款的种类 保证贷款是以第三人承诺在借款人不能偿还贷款时，按约定承担连带责任而发放的贷款。 抵押贷款是以借款人或第三人的财产作为抵押物发放的贷款。 质押贷款是以借款人或第三人的动产或权利作为质押物发放的贷款。Amortgage loan is a very common type of debt instrument, used to purchase real estate. 按揭贷款是一种非常普通的债务工具，用于购买不动产。Commercial banks, however, are given security - a lien on the title to the house

16、- until the mortgage is paid off in full.不管怎样，商业银行被给与某种保障，即对房屋所有权的留置权，直到贷款全额偿付。First, some of the banks maintain active and well-organized departments whose primary function is to compete actively for real estate loans.第一， 某些银行设立积极的、 组织良好的部门， 其主要职能是就房地产贷款同其它金融机构 进行竞争。Second, the banks acquire mortga

17、ges by simply purchasing them from mortgage bankers or dealers.第二，银行直接从房地产抵押贷款银行家或交易商手中购买房地产按揭贷款。In addition, dealer service companies, which were originally used to obtain car loans for permanent lenders such as commercial banks, wanted to broaden their activity beyond their local area.除此之外，那些起初主要为

18、像商业银行这样的长期贷款人取得汽车贷款的交易商服务公司， 也想突破地区限制扩大自己的业务。In recent years, however, such companies have concentrated on acquiring mobile home loans in volume for both commercial banks and savings and loan associations.最近几年，这些公司主要专注于为商业银行和储蓄贷款协会取得大量的移动房屋贷款。Fixed rate mortgages 固定利率按揭贷款Short-term balloon mortgages

19、 短期气球式按揭贷款（最后一次付款特大的按揭贷款）Adjustable rate mortgages 可调整利率按揭贷款Second mortgages 第二次按揭贷款Construction loans 工程贷款 /建设贷款Unsecured loans are monetary loans that are not secured against the borrowers assets （i.e., no collateral is involved）.无担保贷款是未用借款人的资产（没有担保品）进行担保的货币贷款。credit card debt 信用卡债务personal loans

20、个人贷款bank overdrafts 银行透支credit facilities or lines of credit 信贷融通或信贷额度corporate bonds 公司债券checking account 支票账户saving account 储蓄账户time deposit account 定期存款账户checking account （demand deposit account） 支票账户，无利息或利息很低。 saving account 储蓄账户，利息比支票账户高相当于中国的活期存款账户 time deposit account 定期存款账户，提前取款有罚款的帐户。在美国， 通

21、常一个人在一家银行的账户包括 checking account 和 saving account 两部分， 这两 个账户是统一管理的， 你可以随意把钱在这两个账户之间倒来倒去， 没有手续费， 称为内部 转帐。两个账户的区别是 saving account 有利息，但不能直接提款， checking account 可以直 接提款， 但没有利息。 所谓提款一般包括给别人写支票和自己从 ATM 机器上取现金。 saving account 因为不能直接提款，所以钱放在里面比较安全， checking account 就不那么安全（比 如 ATM 卡有可能丢失） ，所以一般来说大家的做法是把自己存款

22、的主要部分放在 saving account 里，而只在 check account 里面放一小部分钱。提款的另一种常见方式是给别人开支票。 在开户的时候银行会给你一本或两本支票簿（ checkbook ），每本一般有 25 张空白支票。支票簿用完了可以再向银行索取，但要交一定工本费。给别人开支票是通常美国人之间现金往来最常见的做法。支票（check）和现金（cash）的区别在于支票更安全， 例如我要给某人 500 块钱，如果我在身上携带 500 元现金是很危险的 事，可是我携带一张给该人的支票则完全没有危险， 因为我在支票上写有对方的名字， 别人 即使拿到也是废纸一张。 另一方面， 丢失空白

23、支票则是很危险的事情， 因为拿到这张空白支 票的人可以随便开一个数额写给他自己。 虽然支票上需要签名， 但是银行并不会 （也不可能） 仔细核对每个签名是否伪造。所以空白支票簿请勿随身携带，万一丢失需要及时挂失。Achecking account is a service provided by financial institutions （banks, savings and loans, credit unions, etc.） which allows individuals and businesses to deposit money and withdraw funds from

24、a federally-protected account.支票账户是金融机构（银行、储蓄贷款协会、信用合作社等）提供的一项服务，它允许个人 和企业从受联邦政府保护的账户中存取资金。withdraw 动词，提取Id like to withdraw 250 please.我想提取 250 英镑。withdrawal 名词，提款、取款You can make withdrawals of up to $250 a day.你一天可以从银行账户中提取最多不超过 250 元。Some may require a minimal initial deposit before establishing

25、a new account, along with proof of identification and address. 某些银行可能要求客户在开立新账户之前必须存入最低要求的初始资金， 并且还要提供身份 证明和地址。If the bank declares bankruptcy, is the target of embezzlement or mismanagement of funds, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insures your account, up to 100000 US dollars (USD

26、).如果由于盗用公款或管理不善银行宣布破产， 联邦存款保险公司会保护你的帐户存款不受损 失，最高金额可达 100000 美元。FDIC ( Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) 美国联邦存款保险公司1930 年大萧条时期大量银行被挤兑，为恢复存款人对银行系统的信任，美国在大危机后的1934 年建立了联邦存款保险公司，美国几乎所有的银行都参加了保险。An IRA is an Individual Retirement Account , and provides either a tax-deferred or tax-free way of saving

27、 for retirement.IRA 是个人退休金账户，它为退休金储蓄提供了延迟纳税或免税的功能。传统 IRA 与 Roth IRA 的比较不论传统 IRA ，还是 Roth IRA 都是退休计划，都是美国政府为鼓励民众储蓄退休金而制定 的在税务上有优惠的计划。因为大家知道一般美国人都不愿存钱，储蓄率基本上都是负数， 长此以往要出问题， 年轻时还好说， 退休时没钱养老可就麻烦大了。 从 20 世纪 30 年代起美 国就建立了强制性的社会保障制度 , 以求解决美国人老有所养的问题。 于是过去几十年美国 政府通过立法大力推动个人建立自己的退休金。纳税方面，传统 IRA 的存款能抵税，但到取款时需

28、交所得税。 Roth IRA 的存款虽不能 抵税，但到取款时不用交所得税。存款，传统 IRA ，老人超过 70 岁半就不能再往传统 IRA 存款了，而 Roth IRA 没这个 限制。取款，传统 IRA 在 你 70 岁 半时，你必须开始 取最低 数款，所谓 required minimum distribution 不然 IRS (美国国税局) 就要罚你款，罚款数可高达你必 需开始取的最低数款的 50%。而 Roth IRA 就没有取款年龄这个限制。 但 Roth IRA 有一 个至少开设 5 年才能取款否则有罚款的限制。当然原则上你可以在第一年开设时只存$1 ，即使以后 3 年没存，第 5

29、 年再存 $4,000，到了第 6 年，你照样可以提取这第 5 年存的 $4,000 。传统 IRA 和 Roth IRA 一样，每个人每年能存款的机会和额度是有限的，过时就作废了。如你去年没存，今年不能补去年的限额，只能用今年的限额。另外，任何IRA(包括Roth IRA ), 如在 59 岁半之前取款， IRA 有一个 10%的罚款，但有例外情况， 比如残疾以后，取款用 于第一次购屋或高等教育，等等。银行英语对话：开户及存款A： clerkB：customerDialogue 1A：Is there anything I can do for you?B：I want to open a

30、current account.A： Please fill in this application form.B：(A moment later)Here is the filled out application form. Is everything all right?A： Yes, quite all right. Please show me your ID card.B： Here it is.A ： By the way, you will have to make a deposit when you open an account.B： Fine. Here is 100

31、RMB yuan.A： Well, everything is done. Here is your passbook. Please bring it back when you deposit or withdraw money any time you like. Keep it well and inform us whenever you lose it.B： Thanks a lot.参考译文：A :我能为你做点儿什么吗？B:我想开活期存款账户。A:请填写这张申请单。B:（过了一会。）这是填好的申请单。这样填可以吗？A :很好。请出示您的身份证。B:给您。A :顺便提一下，您在开户

32、的同时得存一些钱。B:好的。这是100兀人民币。A :一切都好了。这是你的存折，存取款时请带来。保管好存折，遗失请告诉我们。B:多谢。Dialogue 2A: Hello, sir, what can I do for you ?B: I d like to open an account, but I don t know which account it should be. Would you please give me some advice?A: Certainly, I ll be very happy to help you. Usually we offer current

33、or fixed accounts for individuals.B: What s the difference between the two?A: If you open a fixed account ， the interest rate is higher. But you can not withdraw the money at any time.B: How about the current account?A: You may withdraw the money at any time. But the interest rate is zero point seve

34、n two percent.B: Thank you for your help. I think I ll open a current account.A: OK. I ll handle this for you. Please wait a moment.B: Here is the money.A: Thank you . Do you have some identification on you?B: Yes.A: Good. Everything is done. Here is your deposit card and ID card. Please receive wel

35、l.B: Thank you very much.A: It s my pleasure. Thank you for your presence. Bye-bye.参考译文A :您好，先生，我能为您做点什么呢？B:我想开个储蓄账户，但我不知道开什么账户？请给我一些建议好吗？A :当然。我很乐意。我们通常可以为客户开立活期或定期账户。B:它们有什么不同呢？A :如果您开的是定期账户，享有利率较高，但您不能随时取款。B:那活期存款呢？A :您可以随时取款，但它的利率是0.72%。B:谢谢您，那我还是开个活期账户吧。A :好的。我来为您办。请稍候。B:这是钱。A :谢谢。您带身份证了吗？B:是的。

36、A :好了。一些办妥了。这是您的卡和身份证。请收好。B:谢谢。A:不客气。感谢您的光临，再见。Dialogue 3B: Hi, Id like to open an account.A: A fixed or current account?B: Current account, please.A: OK. Please fill out this form with the necessary information.B: All right, should I sign my name here?A: Yes, right on that blank there. Please choos

37、e a pass code of six numbers and confirm it.B: Is there a minimum for the first deposit?A: The minimum deposit for a savings account is 10 yuan and you should always have at least 10 yuan in your account.A: Here are your card and passbook. Please bring either one when you deposit or draw money. Keep

38、 them well and inform us if you lose them.B: OK, thank you.A: You can withdraw money from any bank or A TM that has a Union Pay sign.B: Thats great. But do I need to pay a fee when I withdraw money from other banks ？A: Two yuan each time.B: I see. Thanks a lot.参考译文:B:我想开个账户。A :定期还是活期？B:请给我开个活期的。A :好

39、的。请先在这个表格里填写一些必要的个人信息。B:好的，我在这里签名吗？A :是的，签在客户栏。请您设置一个六位数密码并确认。B:第一次储蓄有最低限额吗？A :储蓄存款的最低存款额是10元，而且您需要在账户内留有10元现金。A :这是您的卡和存折，存取款时请带来。保管好存折，如有遗失请及时告诉我们。B:好的，谢谢。A:您可以在任何有银联标志的银行或自动取款机上取款。B:太好了。那我跨行取款是否要交手续费呢？A:每次交易收取两元手续费。B:明白了，谢谢你。Useful SentencesWhat kind of account would you like to have? 你想开哪种帐户 ?A

40、fixed or current account? 定期还是活期 ?I want to open a current account. 我想开一个活期存款账户。I d like to open an account, but I don t know which account it should be. Would you please give me some advice?我想开个储蓄账户，但我不知道开什么账户？请给我一些建议好吗？I need a checking account so that I can pay my bills. 我需开个支票帐户，这样就能付帐。I think I

41、d like a fixed account. 我想要开个定期存款帐户。Could you tell me the difference between a current account and a fixed account? 请告诉我储蓄存款与支票存款的区别好吗？Please tell me the procedure for opening a current account. 请告诉我开个储蓄帐户需要什么手续。Please fill in this application form. 请填写这张申请单。Would you please fill in the depositing f

42、orm, giving the sum of money youre to deposit as well as your name and address?请填张存款单，写明要存的数额以及你的姓名和地址，好吗？How much do you want to deposit in your account? 你想在你的户头上存多少？I want to deposit 300 yuan in my account. 我想在我的户头上存 300 元。Id like to pay 200 yuan into my deposit account. 我想在在我的定期存款户头上存 200 元。You w

43、ill have to make a deposit when you open an account. 您在开户的同时得存一些钱。Is there a minimum for the first deposit? 第一次储蓄有最低限额吗？The minimum deposit for a savings account is 10 yuan. 储蓄存款的最低存款额是 10 元。Please choose a pass code of six numbers and confirm it. 请您设置一个六位数密码并确认。Here is your passbook. Please bring i

44、t back when you deposit or withdraw money any time you like. Please inform us immediately if you lose it. 这是你的存折，存取款时请带来。保管好存折，遗失请告诉我们。情景练习：Exercise 1Cindy 拿到了第一个月的薪水，她想把钱存进银行。经过银行柜员的介绍，开设了定期存款 账户，并存入 3000 元。Exercise 25000 元。Peter 要去外地旅游，为了方便购物，今天到银行开设了活期存款账户，并存入 银行英语对话：取款A： clerkB： customerDialogue

45、A： Sir, How much do you want to draw?B： RMB8000, please.A： Im sorry . The code number doesnt coincide with the one you gave us when you opened your account.B： I m terribly sorry. I can t remember it exactly. Let me see. Is this number correct?A：It s correct now. Do you want to withdraw all money fro

46、m your account?B： Yes. Would you pleasure tell me my balance?A ： Yes, sir. Your balance is RMB11000.B： I m sorry, but may I ask one more question?A： Of course, please do. What is it?B： What s the interest rate for the savings account?A： The interest on a current account is 0.72% per annum, the inter

47、est rate for a three-month deposit is 3.33% per annum, for six-month 3.78%, for one year 4.14%. Y ou may get the detailed information from that bulletin board or our online banking.B： Many thanks. I still want to withdraw all money from the account.A： Sir, actually you needn t cancel your account. Y

48、ou can keep it for further use. In our bank, that the balance of account keeps zero is allowed. Our personal investment products are also attractive, you may buy the investment products or funds through this account in future.B：That s not necessary. Im leaving here for a long time and return to my h

49、ome country. Thanks, anyway.A： Thats OK. How would you like your money?B： Can I have it all in one-hundred bills?A： Of course. It ll be just a moment. Please sign your name here. Here is your money and the interest you ve earned. Please check it and receive well. Wish you have a pleasant journey.参考译

50、文：A :先生，您要取多少钱？B：8000 块，谢谢。A:很抱歉，密码与您开户时密码不一样。B:对不起，我想不起来了。让我再想想，这个号码对吗？A :这次对了。您想把账上的钱都取出来吗？B:请问我账上还有多少钱？A:好的，先生。您账上的余额是11000块。B:对不起，我能再问个问题吗？A :当然可以。请问吧，是什么？B:储蓄存款利率是多少？A :活期年息为0.72%，三个月定期利率为 3.33%，半年定期利率为 3.78%，年定期利率为 4.14%。其他的您也可以看看那里的公告屏，或者登录我行的网站查询详细的情况。B:谢谢。我还是想把钱全拿出来。A:先生，其实您没有必要销户的，我行的账户余额允

51、许为零的。我们的理财产品也不错的，以后您可以用这张卡买理财产品或基金。B:不用了。我就要离开这里回国了。谢谢您。A:那好吧。您想要怎样的票面呢？B:都是100块的，行吗？A :当然，请稍等。请您在这里签字。这是您的钱和利息。请收好点清。祝您旅途愉快。Useful SentencesHow much do you want to draw?您要取多少钱？Do you want to withdraw all money from your account?您想把账上的钱都取出来吗？Whats the interest rate for the savings account? 储蓄存款的利率是多

52、少？Do you pay interest on this account?这种存款付给利息吗？Please tell me what the annual interest rate is. 请告诉我年利率是多少。The interest on a current account is 0.72% per annum, the interest rate for a three-month deposit is 3.33% per annum, for six-month 3.78%, for one year 4.14%.活期年息为 0.72% ，三个月定期利率为 3.33% ，半年定期利

53、率为 3.78%，一年定期利率为 4.14% 。The interest is added to your account every year. 每年的利息都加到你的存款中。The interest rate for the savings account is 4%. 储蓄存款的利率是 4%。It varies from time to time. At present it is 6%. （年息）每个时期都不同，现在是六厘。Wheres the ATM? / Do you have an automatic passbook entry machine? 自动提款机在哪里？ / 你们这里

54、有没有存折自动补登机？Do you offer an inter-bank transfer service?你们有跨行转帐的服务吗？My credit card is expired. Can you renew it for me? 我的信用卡过期了。可以换发新卡给我吗？ 情景练习:ExerciseEmily 要去国外工作，临走前把储蓄账户里的钱全部取出，并销户。听力练习Banking Operations银行业务John Andersons girl-friend ,Betty Rogers ,is a teller at the First National Bank. 约翰 安德森的

55、女友贝蒂 罗杰斯是第一国民银行的出纳员。She is explaining the operation and organization of the bank to John. 她正给约翰解释银行的业务和组织。Rogers:Our bank is organized into a number of departments ,each of which is responsible for a particular area of business.罗杰斯：我们的银行分成许多部门，每一部门都负责某一特定的业务。For example ,the Trust Department handles

56、 investments ,the Collateral Department keeps loan records and pledged securities , 譬如说，信托部门从事投资，证券担保部门负责保存贷款记录和抵押有价证券， and the Real Estate Department handles mortgage oans on real estate. 不动产部门负责不动产方面的抵押贷款。Anderson:What department are you in ?Y ou re a teller ,arent you? 安德森：您在哪个部门？您是一位出纳员吧？R:Yes,I

57、 am a paying and receiving teller .We are usually the people who have the most contact with our customers .罗杰斯：是的，我是收付出纳员。我们通常是和顾客接触最多的人。We are part of the Operations Department ,the department which takes care of most of the day-to-day business of the bank .我们是营业部门的职员，这个部门负责从事银行大多数的日常业务。A:Whats the

58、 Auditing Department ?Isnt that where your friend Alice works? 安德森：什么是审计部门？您的朋友艾丽斯不就是在那个部门工作吗？R:Yes,Alice is an assistant auditor .The Auditing Department has the responsibility of checking and supervising all of the banks activities to be sure there are no errors or improper procedures. 罗杰斯： 是的，艾丽斯

59、是助理审计员， 审计部门有检查和监督银行所有活动的责任以确保这 些活动中没有差错或不恰当的程序。A:Does the Auditing Department keep the main records of all transactions? 安德森：审计部门保存所有业务活动的主要记录吗？R:No,thats the job of the General Ledger Department .Thats the department that is the central bookkeeper for the bank .罗杰斯：不，那是总帐部门的工作，那个部门就是银行的中央簿记处。Of co

60、urse ,modern banks keep such records in computers instead of in ledgers. 当然了，现代银行把这样一些记录保存在计算机里而不是保存在总帐簿中。Time Deposits(1) 定期存款(一)Judy Taylor is asking a clerk in the New Accounts Department at the First NationalBank abouttime deposits.裘德 泰勒向第一国民银行新开帐户部门的一个职员询问定期存款有关事宜。Taylor:Can you tell me somethi