上海市宝山区2022年高三一模英语试卷

1、上海市宝山区2022年高三一模英语试卷ListeningComprehensionSectionAB.Discussingakitchendesign.D.Paintingthediningroom.Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhea

2、raconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Cleaningthekitchen.Tryingtodrawamapofdinning.A.Studyacomputerprogram.C.Assembleacomputer.Checktheircomputerfiles.D.Makesomecomputation.A.ItisfastertogotoNewYorkbytr

3、ain.Itisnotalwayscheapergoingbybus.Itismorecomfortableandconvenienttotakeabus.ItisworththemoneytakingatraintoNewYork.A.Thewomanthinkshighlyofthespeaker.Thewomanhasknownthespeakerforalongtime.Themanhaddifficultyunderstandingthelecture.Themanismakingacommentaboutnothing.A.ShehasnotreadthenewsontheNet.

4、B.ShehaseveryconfidenceinSusan.C.SheisnotasbrightanddiligentasSusan.D.Sheisalittlebitsurprisedatthenews.6.A.Getanewbusschedule.C.Goandasktheticketseller.7.A.Janeworetheovercoatlastweek.C.Janemissedherclasslastweek.Readthenoticeonthewindow.BoardthebustoCleveland.B.Janessisterisinthesameclassastheman.

5、D.Janesovercoatisasfashionableashersisters.A.Hewasfifteenwhenhetookoverthecompany.Heismakingplanstoexpandhisoperation.Heisaverysuccessfulbusinessman.Hehaschangedhisbusinessstrategy.A.Themanandthewomanareworkingonajointproject.Thewomanisgoingtomakehertopicmorefocused.Ittookalotoftimetogetthemanonther

6、ighttrack.Oneshouldchooseabroadtopicforaresearchpaper.A.Childrenshouldplaysportsatleastonceaweek.B.Thewomanskidscanplayfootballwithhisson.Manychildrenfeelboredwhenleftalone.Thewomanssonsmightenjoyteamsports.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillb

7、easkedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollo

8、wingpassage.A.Tostartoffasalistener.B.Tospeakrightaway.C.Tolearnandlistenquietly.D.Totalkabouttheirlives.A.Theycanhearandappreciateinterestingvideos.Theycandroptheirworriesandproblems.Itcanhelppeoplemakemoreonlinefriends.D.Theycanenjoythesafespaceforexpression.A.Toenabletheuserstoenjoymorefreedomtos

9、ayanything.Tofindawaytotrackdiscussionsandprotectusers.Toprovideaspaceforhatefulspeechesandfalsestatements.Totellwhethertheimpactoftheappishelpfulorharmful.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.B.Makingabigdecisionquietly.D.SharingyourconfidenceproudlyB.Tobrainstormotherscomments.D.Topos

10、tponetakingaction.A.Everyactionleadstoaresult.C.Askingpeersforhelpfuladvice.15.A.Todefinetheproblemyourescaredof.C.Todecidewhatisrightforyou.A.Whatfactorsinvolvedinmakingabaddecision.Howtomakegooddecisionsandavoidbadones.Whypeopleusuallyhesitatetomakedecisions.Howmanystepstobetakenbeforemakingdecisi

11、ons.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Seeingamovie.B.Thebeststudyspot.C.Acoffeeshop.D.Aschoollibrary.A.Booksinthelibrarymakehimanxious.Hardworkingstudentsarehisfavoritescenery.Thesilenceoflibraryhelpshimconcentrate.D.Hefeelstheanxietyofstudyingatthelibrary.A.Acoffeeshophelpshe

12、rrelax.B.Toomuchcoffeemakesherfeelsick.C.Drinkingcoffeefailstokeepheralert.D.Abitofbackgroundnoiseaffectsher.A.Togiveuptheirnoise-cancelingheadphones.B.Todrinkcoffeewhiletheystudytogether.C.Tobeequippedwithcomfortablechairs.D.Toexchangetheirplacesforthebetterone.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirection

13、s:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RisingTotheChallengeCyclistsmustdigdeeptocompletewhatsbeencalledthetoughestclimbint

14、heworld.TheyraceuptoWulingPeaktothefinishlineintheKingoftheMountain(KOM)Challenge.EveryOctobersomeoftheworldsbestcyclistsbattle(21)hetitle.Startingatsealevel,therouteclimbstoaheightof3,275metersattheend,covering105kilometers.EversinceIstartedcyclingsevenyearsago,completingtheKOMclimb(22)(be)agoalofm

15、ine.EveryyearIthoughtthatIneededtoprepareforitandusedthatasmyexcuse.But(23)(look)back,IrealizeIwouldhavebeenfine.Cyclinguphillwasnoproblemformethen-itwasthrilling.Nowitsexhausting.LastsummerIfinallydecidedtotakeonWulingwithsomefriends.Our89-kilometerroutestartedatthebaseofthemountainandwasalittlesho

16、rterthantheofficialKOMrace.Butitsthefinal10kilometers(24)ethemostdemanding:Thisisthesteepestpart,(25)makestheclimbsohard.Webeganearlyinthemorningasagroupof17riders.Butonlythreeofuswouldmakeittothetop.Asupportcarwasnecessary,especiallyonaridelikethis,(26)(help)keepusenergetic.Thefirstpartoftheridewen

17、tthroughTarokoValley,amagnificentpark.Ivehikedthere,(27)Ivealwayswantedtobikeit.Isawdramaticrockyoutcrops,canyons,waterfallsandforestsasIzippedthroughthevalleyandupthemountainroad.EventhoughitwasAugust,theweatherwasperfect.Unfortunately,thesupportcarthatcarriedourlunch(28)_(delay).Bythetimeitarrived

18、,Iwasstarving.Beingconsumedofenergyevenforthatshorttimeaffectedtherestofmyride.Whenthehardlast10kilometersarrived,Ireallystruggledtocompletethem.AtonepointI(29)seehowclosethetopofthepeakwas,butitstillfeltsofaraway.Fortunately,determinationcarriedmetothefinish.(30)(exhaust),IconqueredWuling!Whatatrem

19、endousfeeling!SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.potentiallyB.resultsC.rewardsD.sensitiveE.survivalF.transmitG.distinguishH.respondingI.developedJ.consciousK.rapidlySenseofsmellisourmostrapidwarningsystem“

20、Thehumanavoidanceresponsetounpleasantsmellsassociatedwithdangerhaslongbeenseenasa_31_perceivableprocess,butourstudyshowsforthefirsttimethatitsunconsciousandextremelyrapid,”saysthestudysfirstauthorBehzadIravani,researcherattheDepartmentofClinicalNeuroscience,KarolinskaInstitutet.Theorganrelatingtothe

21、senseofsmelltakesupaboutfivepercentofthehumanbrainandenablesusto_32_betweenmanymilliondifferentsmells.Alargeproportionofthesesmellsareassociatedwithathreattoourhealthand33,suchasthatofchemicalsandrottenfood.Smellsignalsreachthebrainwithin100to150millisecondsafterbeingbreathedinthroughthenose.Thesurv

22、ivalofalllivingorganismsdependsontheirabilitytoavoiddangerandseek34.Inhumans,thesmellsenseseemsparticularlyimportantfordetectingandreactingto_35_harmfulsubstance.Ithaslongbeenamysteryjustwhichsensorysystemsareinvolvedinthechangeofanunpleasantsmellintoavoidancebehaviorinhumans.ResearchersatKarolinska

23、Institutethavenow_36_amethodthatforthefirsttimehasmadeitpossibletomeasuresignalsfromthehumansmellorgan,whichprocessessmellsandinturncan_37signalstopartsofthebrainthatcontrolmovementandavoidancebehavior.Their_38arebasedonthreeexperimentsinwhichparticipantswereaskedtoratetheirexperienceofsixdifferents

24、mells,somepositive,somenegative,whiletheelectrophysiologicalactivityofthesmellorganwhen_39_toeachofthesmellswasmeasured.“Itwasclearthattheorganreactsspecificallyand40tonegativesmellsandsendsadirectsignaltotheouterlayeroftheorganwithinabout300ms,”saysthestudyslastauthorJohanLundstr&m.”Thesignalcauses

25、thepersontounconsciouslyleanbackandawayfromthesourceofthesmell.”ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whilepeoplewhoarebothtrustworthyandcapablearethemostsoughtafterwh

26、enitcomestoteamassembly,friendlinessandtrustworthinessareoftenmoreimportantfactorsthanability.“Weassumethatpeopleare41forimportanttaskforcesandteamsbecauseoftheknowledge,skillsandabilitiestheybringtothetable.However,thisresearchsuggeststhatpeoplemayoftengetpickedbecauseteammembersfeel_42_withthem,sa

27、idCynthiaMaupin,assistantprofessoroforganizationalbehaviorandleadershipinBinghamtonUniversitysSchoolofManagement.“Peoplemaybewillingto_43_abitintermsofperformanceinordertohaveareallypositiveteamexperience.”MaupinandhercolleaguesfocusedonagroupofMBAstudentstoconducttheirstudy.Studentswere_44assignedt

28、oteamsatthebeginningofthesemestertoworkonclassprojectsandassignments.Towardtheendofthesemester,studentswereaskedtoformtheirownteamsand45_whytheyselectedeachmemberoftheirgroup.“Wewantedtofindoutwhatpeopledidto_46_toothersthattheymightbesomeonewhowouldbegoodtoteamupwithinthefuture,”Maupinsaid.Theresea

29、rchers_47lookedathowstudentssignaledtheirhumancapital,theabilitytodotheirtaskswell,andtheirsocialcapital,the_48_towhichtheywerefriendlyandtrustworthy,tootherstudentsbystudyingtheiruseofeitherchallengingorsupportivevoice:Challengingvoice:Communicatinginawaythatchallengesthepresentcircumstancesandis49

30、_newideasandefficiency.Supportivevoice:Communicatinginawaythat50socialtiesandtrust,andbuildsfriendlyunityofateam.Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewho51bothabilities,throughtheuseofchallengingvoice,andtrustworthiness,throughtheuseofsupportivevoice,werethemostin-demandpeoplewhenitcameto_52_teams.“Asmightb

31、eexpected,anyonewhowasverystrongintermsofsignalingboththeirhumanandsocialcapitalwereextremelysoughtafter.Theyredoingalltherightthingsto_53_thattheyrebothtrustworthyandagoodworker,”Maupinsaid.However,theresearchersfoundthatstudentswhoonlyexhibitedsocialcapitalthrough54voiceweremoresoughtafterthanthos

32、ewhoonlysignaledtheirabilitythroughtheuseofchallengingvoice.“Ourfindingssuggestthatwhenpeoplefeelliketheycantrustyou,evenifyourenot_55thebestworker,theyregoingtobemorelikelytowanttoworkwithyou,”Maupinsaid.“Theyknowthattherearelikelytobefewerinterpersonalissuesinthatcase.”41.A.qualifiedB.selectedC.ex

33、aminedD.accounted42.A.dissatisfiedB.favouriteC.permanentD.comfortable43.A.sacrificeB.exchangeC.prohibitD.contribute44.A.deliberatelyB.originallyC.randomlyD.purposefully45.A.bargainB.assessC.negotiateD.neglect46.A.signalB.contributeC.devoteD.manage47.A.indefinitelyB.frequentlyC.considerablyD.specific

34、ally48.A.occasionB.missionC.degreeD.opinion49.A.engagedinB.focusedonC.gottenacrossD.takenoff50.A.adjustsB.decreasesC.monitorsD.strengthens51.A.exhibitedB.developedC.evaluatedD.concealed52.A.separatingB.dominatingC.assemblingD.maintaining53.A.establishB.resolveC.analyzeD.estimate54.A.challengingB.mod

35、erateC.healthfulD.supportive55.A.doubtfullyB.necessarilyC.questionablyD.fortunatelySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninth

36、epassageyouhavejustread.(A)Earlyon,byagenineperhaps,Idiscoveredmypassionforbothreadingandwritingfiction.Thediscoverywassuddenandunexpected:oneveryhotsummerdayinBirmingham(noairconditioning),whilereading,IrealizedIwastremblingwithcold.IhadbecomecaughtupinaLauraIngallsWilderdescriptionofasnowstorm.How

37、isthispossible?Iaskedmyself,andtheanswercameimmediately.Itsthesewords.Justthesewordshavemademefeelcold.FullofwonderandadmirationforLauraswriting,Ithought,Idliketobeabletodothatsomeday.Nonetheless,Ifoundmyselfbeginningcollegeasapremedicalstudentwiththeintentionofbecomingadoctor.Yousee,Iwantedtodogood

38、,ortobeagoodperson,onedevotedtothewelfareofothers.Andwhatofmyownloveofreadingandmyinterestinimaginativewriting?Bothstillgavemeimmensepleasure,thoughIwasfailingchemistry.Butwhatgoodisliterature?Iaskedmyself.AndIaskedmyserious-mindedstudentfriendsthesamequestion.TospendmylifemerelydoingwhatIlovedseeme

39、dunacceptablyself-centered.Onedayinaliteratureclassatmysmall,excellentliberalartscollege,theknowledgeableprofessor,whowasalsodeanofthecollege,posedaquestionthatnoneofuscouldanswe“rI:nwhatwayareHuckofHuckleberryFinnandPipofCharlesDickenssGreatExpectationsalike?”WhileIdidnotknowtheanswer,whatIdidknowi

40、nastrangeflashofawarenesswasthatwhatevertheanswer,itwouldbeofcrucialimportancetotheyoungmansittingacrossthecorridorfromme.Andwhowashe?Abrilliantperson,atroubledpersonforallhisbrilliance,someoneIlovedandadmired.Theprofessoransweredhisownquestion.“Bothareboysinsearchofafather.”AndIknewmyfriendacrossth

41、ecorridor,throughliterature,suddenlyunderstoodhisownconfusion.Heknewinaninstinctivewaysomethingofvitalimportance.Whatwastrueofthosefictiveboyswasalsotrueofhim:heneededtobecomeaguidingfathertohimself.Theclasswasover.AsmyfriendDwightandIwalkedoutthedoortogetherintothehall,hesaidwithoutlookingatme,“And

42、howcanyoudoubt,Sena,thatliteraturecandogoodintheworld?”Withoutlookingathim,butsurebothhiseyesandmyeyeswereshinedwithtears,Ireplied,“Iknow.Iknow.”Iknewthatliteraturecouldanddoesmakeideasandfeelingsreal,dramatic,andaccessibleinawaythatenhancesthequalityofourlives.AndsoIgavemyselfpermissiontoembraceali

43、terarylife,bothasreaderandaswriter.IfsomethingImightcometowriteofferedonewonderfulpersonanewandneededperspective,thenIcouldjustifychoosingalifeformyselfinliterature.Thatwasallaverylongtimeago,abouthalfacenturyago.Myfriendwoulddieinanautoaccidentbeforehewastwenty-one.AndIwouldlivetobeextraordinarilyh

44、appyinmychoiceofprofessions.ThisIbelieve:thattheartsmustbeapartofeducationatalllevels,thattheartscananddoofferusnotonlypleasurebutalsoinvaluableinsightsintoourselvesandourworld.WhatwastheembarrassingsituationSenatheauthorofthepassagefaced?ShewasattractedbyLauraswritingbutfeltextremelycold.Shedidnotk

45、nowhowtoanswerthequestionbutitwasimportant.Shelovedliteraturebutwantedtodosomethinggoodforhumanity.SheadmiredherbrilliantfriendDwightbuthediedinanaccident.TheauthorofthepassagementionedherfriendDwighttodemonstrateonlyhecouldanswertheprofessorsquestionhewastheverypersonshelovedandadmiredliteraturebec

46、omesaguidingfathertohimselfliteratureoffersuspricelessinsightsintoourselvesItcanbeconcludedthattheauthordecidedto.followherpassionforbeingadoctordevoteherselftoliteratureinherlifebeareadertoenhancethequalityofherlifebeadoctorandengagedinliteraturesometimesWhatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?Alifein

47、literatureB.AmedicalcareerC.AnunforgettablelessonD.Anunexpectedaccident(B)MentalrestEveniftheworldmakesithardtorelax,weallneedtofindawaytoresetandrecharge.Wegothroughlifethinkingweverestedbecausewehavegottenenoughsleepbutinrealitywearemissingoutontheothertypesofrestwedesperatelyneed.SaudraDalton-Smi

48、th,aphysician,outlinesdifferenttypesofrestthatareessentialforhumangrowing.PhysicalrestntThisistheusualdefinitionofrestwereafamiliarwith.Butwhileweknowweneedtospendadecentnumberofhoursinbedtostayhealthy,asteadypersistentsupportofstudiesshowsalargeproportionofusstilldontget-f.a還A:;Aenoughphysicalrest.

49、Alwayshaveatornadoofthoughtsspinninginyourheadfromthemomentyouwakeuptothemomentyoufinallyfallasleep?Youneedmorementalrest,andevenifyousleepasolideighthoursanight,yourenotgoingtofeelfullyrechargeduntilyougetit.“Thegoodnewsisyoudonthavetoquityourjoborgoonvacationtofixthis.Scheduleshortbreakstooccureve

50、rytwohoursthroughoutyourworkdaythesebreakscanremindyoutoslowdown.Youmightalsokeepanotepadbythebedtowritedownanypainfulthoughtsthatwouldkeepyouawake,suggestsDalton-smith.SensoryrestStaringatscreensalldayandallnightmeansyoureyesnevergetaproperrest,butthisisnttheonlyreasonmanyofusnevergiveoursensesabre

51、ak.Noisycites,sharpsoundannouncementsandloudmusicallcontributetoconstantsensorystimulation.Yourbrainneedsarestnowandagain.ConsciouslycloseyoureyesandgiveyourselfthegiftofEmotionalrestsilenceforshortperiodsthroughouttheday.This“meanshavingthetimeandspacetofreelyexpressyourfeelingsandcutbackonpeople-p

52、leasing,Dalton-smithexplains.“Emotionalrestalsorequiresthecouragetobegenuine.Anemotionallyrestedpersoncananswerthequestion,Howareyoutoday?withatruthfulImnotokay-andthengoontosharesomehardthingsthatotherwisegounsaid.Inotherwords,weallneedthespacetostoppretendingforourselvesandothersandgetrealaboutour

53、feelings.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthetypesofrestmentionedinthepassage?Physicalrestmeanslyinginbedforaproperperiodandexercising.Mentalrestindicatesrestingeverytwohourswhenyoureworking.Sensoryrestmeanskeepingsilentfrequentlyandstaringatscreens.Emotionalrestmeanspretendingtoshareprivateaf

54、fairswithothers.Whattypeofrestdoyouneedmostifyoureworkingwithacomputerinanoffice?PhysicalrestB.MentalrestC.SensoryrestD.EmotionalrestItcanbeconcludedthatifapersonfeelstired,heshould.trytoidentifyjustwhatsortofrestheslackingexactlyspendsometimewiththosewhocanenergizehimhavethefourtypesofrestmentioned

55、inthepassageinorderhaveaneedtofeelconnectedtosomethinglargerthanhimself(C)Transhumanism,firstcoinedin1957bybiologistJulianHuxley,meant“manremainingman,butgoingbeyondhimselfbyrealizingnewpossibilitiesofandforhishumannature.”Generallyspeaking,transhumanisminitsmodernmeaningimpliesthathumanbeingscanbee

56、nhancedbythemeansofsciencetotheextentwhentheyriseabovebiologicallimitationsandcapabilitiesprogrammedbynature.Thespeciesintowhichhumanitytransformsthiswaywillbecalledposthuman,ortranshuman,asitwouldhavebesomethingnewbasedonhumannature,butgoingbeyonditatthesametime.Therearenumerousareaswhich,according

57、totranshumanists,requireenhancement,aswellastherearecountlessproposalsonthemeansofsuchenhancement.Inparticular,transhumanistsworkonsuchproblemsasovercomingthephysicalboundariesofthehumanbody.Startingwithaging,whichtheybelievetoberatheradiseasethananaturalprocess,andendingupwithreplacingorganswiththe

58、irartificialones,transhumanistsbelievethatthehumanbodyisimperfect,andthatitshouldbeimproved.Allkindsofnanotechnologiesforrepairingdamagedorgans;nervestimulantsanddrugstoaltermoodandeliminatenegativeemotions;brainimplantsandimplantedtechnologiestoallowinterconnectivitybetweenmultiplehumanbeingsandtoa

59、dvanceintelligencetheseandmanymoreactionsarejustsomeofthemeanstranshumanistsplantousetomakehumanitybetter.Someofthetechnologiestranshumanistsplantoemploytopushtheboundariesofhumanityareavailablealready.Forexample,genetherapyallowingtocureorstopcertaindiseasesthatwereconsideredterminal;CRISPRiorSHARP

60、-2methods,whichwerediscoverednotsolongago,havealreadyprovedtobeefficientintreatinganumberofcomplicatedmedicalconditions,andincasefurtherresearchisconducted,theymightsignificantlyimprovethequalityofmedicineworldwide.Virtualreality,anothertechnologyfromscience-fictionmoviesofthelate1980s,hasbecomenots