高考英语 单项选择题命题特点及解题策略

1、高考英语单项选择题命题特点及解题策略南京市金陵中学 邢文骏高考英语单项选择题命题特点及解题策略考试要求 要求考生能运用根本的英语语法知识,掌握约3500个单词和400-500个习惯用语或固定搭配. 在实际的, 特定的情景中考查语法和词汇知识, 语言效劳于具体的交际行为, 表达突出语境, 强化语意, 突出语篇,强调运用的命题特点.二. 考试内容 试题从五个方面考查学生的语言知识: 根底语法知识; 语法知识的运用能力; 词组的搭配和习惯用法; 对词义的正确理解; 日常交际用语.三. 近四年来江苏高考英语单项选择题考点分布情况 年份及题号 考点2004200520062007冠词272121代词21

2、2622连词233431介词2424形容词30283329副词2226 年份及题号 考点2004200520062007短语动词29232524,34情态动词22312122时态语态26,342923,27,3423,27非谓语动词3125,2730,3228,30,35动词25,3030平均每年有题考查动词知识！ 年份及题号 考点2004200520062007虚拟语气33词序323531复合句333229,3525,33交际英语28,35242832,26四. 考点分布及命题特点语法内容考查全面 严格按照?英语课程标准?的要求,考题覆盖面广,对知识点的考查全面.2004-2007年江苏卷1

3、5个单项选择题均涉及了10-15个知识点,覆盖了?英语课程标准?要求学生掌握的绝大局部主干知识.2. 热点, 重点, 难点突出 考题突出考查热点, 重点, 难点语法工程以及这些语法工程中的热点, 重点, 难点问题. (1) 2007年江苏卷的15个单项选择题中, 与动词有关的有8题: 23, 27题考查动词的时态语态; 28, 30, 35题考查非谓语动词; 22题考查情态动词; 24, 34题考查短语动词. 动词是英语中最活泼的词类, 是句子的核心成分, 是学习的重点; 英语动词的变化较多, 形式复杂, 又是英语学习的难点. (2) 从句子的层面来看,考查重点放在复合句和交际用语上.3. 强

4、调语法和词汇知识在特定情景中的运用 以对话形式设计的题目数量逐年增加, 题干的阅读量总体上扩大了, 对情景理解和语言运用能力的要求提高了. 年份2004200520062007 题数3557五. 知识点的考查及复习策略冠词(1) (07/21) We have every reason to believe that _ 2021 Beijing Olympic Games will be _ success. A. /;a B. the; / C. the; a D. a; a解析: the Olympic Games/ the Olympics an Olympic athlete a s

5、uccess/ failure答案:C(2) (05/21) On May 5, 2005, at_ World Table Tennis Championship, KongLinghui and WangHao won the gold medal in mens doubles with _ score of 4: 1.a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a解析: the World Trade Organization (WTO)the World Health Organization (WHO)a world of difference/ a worl

6、d of wondersa score of 的分数答案:D(3) (04/27) Tom owns _larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class.the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the解析: a collection of (junk/rubbish/ people) 成堆的人或物 a kind/ variety/ mass/ number/ quantity of/ plenty of 答案:B命题趋势和复习策略: 冠词主要考查语意和规那么, 从近几年命题来看有重语意表

7、达轻规那么记忆的特点,提高了对学生语境理解的要求. 复习时应关注冠词使用的一些特定的场合, 解题时从情景语意入手, 合理使用规那么.2. 代词(1) (06/22) My most famous relative of all, _who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great grandfather. A. one B. the oneC. he D. someone解析: one = a relative (泛指) the one = the relative (特指)答案: B(2) (05/26) Im mov

8、ing to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than_ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those解析: that = the air (air 不可数)答案: C(3) (04/21) I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will_.anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else解析: anyone else = any other person答案

9、: B命题趋势和复习策略: 近几年代词考查主要集中在替代词/指代词和不定代词的掌握上. 要求学生熟练掌握one/ ones; that/ those; 以any/ every/ no 开头的不定代词的运用. 解题时使用语意复原法.3. 连词(06/31) _ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover. A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once解析: even if 即使/ if only 但愿 while 虽然/ once 一旦就答案: D(2

10、) (05/34) Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process _ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination. A. until B. but C. unless D. for解析: for 因为,由于,表示对上文的补充说明.答案: D(3) (04/23) I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless解

11、析: while 虽然,引导表示让步关系的状语从句.答案: A命题趋势和复习策略: 近几年连词考查主要集中在引导状语从句的连词的掌握上. 要求学生熟练掌握引导状语从句的一些重点连词,做好知识储藏. 解题时从上下句的逻辑关系入手.4. 介词(06/24) This new model of car is so expensive that it is _ the reach of those with average income. A. over B. within C. beyond D. below解析：beyond 超出范围答案：(2) (04/24) He got to the sta

12、tionearly,_ missing his train. A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of解析：in case of如果，假使；for fear of 以免答案：5. 形容词(1) (07/29) With April 18s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with _ service for passengers. A. good B. better C. bestD. the best解析：铁路运输和航空运

13、输比较用比较级答案：(2) (06/33) I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more解析：a bit less (少一点)对应 some more (多一点)答案：(3) (05/28) David has won the first prize in singing; heis still very excited now and feels_ desire to go

14、to bed. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least解析：the least desire 一点都不想答案：(4) (04/30) A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted解析：attemptedadj.未遂的murder/robbery) be admitted to sth. 准许参加，接受答案：命题趋势和复习策略: 近几年形容词的考查主要集中在形容词的比较级和

15、最高级在具体情景中的使用, 并要求学生熟练掌握一些重点形容词的意义, 进行词义辨析.6. 副词 (06/26) The committee is discussing the problem right now. it will _ have been solved by the end of next week. A. eagerly B. hopefully C. immediatelyD. gradually解析：eagerly 迫切的; hopefully 有希望地immediately 即刻地；gradually 逐渐地答案：(2) (05/22) - How is everythi

16、ng going on with you inEurope? -Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _. A. though B. instead C. either D. too解析：though 虽然但是答案：7. 短语动词(1) (07/24) - Have you _ some new ideas? - Yeah. Ill tell you later. A. come about B. come into C. come up withD. come out with解析：come about发生; come into继承，得到 come

17、up with想出; come out with说出答案：(2) (07/34) - Do you think that housing price will keep _ in the years to come? - Sorry, I have no idea. A. lifting up B. going up C. bringing upD. growing up解析：lift up 举起，抬高; go up上升，上涨 bring up抚养，提出; grow up 长高答案：(3) (06/25) - Are you going to have a holiday this year?

18、 - Id love to. I cant wait to leave this place _. A. off B. out C. behind D. over解析：leave off 停止，中断; leave out遗漏 leave behind永久离开; leave over剩下答案：(4) (05/23) Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes. A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up解析：turn u

19、p调高，出现; put up搭建，举起 make up组成，编造; show up出现，露面答案：(5) (04/29) Its ten years since the scientist _on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical. A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up解析：make for 朝走去 set out出发，开始 take off起飞，脱去，成功turn up调高，露面答案：命题趋势和复习策略: 近几年短语动词的考查主要集中在一些活泼的动词与副词构成的短语

20、意义的掌握上, 学生应充分关注 take/ make/ turn/ come/ hold/ bring/ keep/ leave/ hand等动词与out/ off/ up/ over/ about/ down/ on/ in 等副词组合成的短语词义的复习 .8. 情态动词(07/22) - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. might解析：should have done sth.应该做了

21、某事 could/ might have done sth.可能做了某事 must have donesth 肯定做了某事答案：(2) (06/21) - I think Ill give Bob a ring. - You _. You havent beenin touch with him for ages. A. will B. mayC. have to D. should解析：should 应该答案：() (05/31) - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before

22、she returned. - Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties!A. may go through B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through解析：ought to have done sth.应该做了某事must have donesth 肯定做过了某事答案：() (04/22) - I dont mind telling you what I know. - You . Im not asking you for it.mustnt B. m

23、ay not C. cant D. neednt解析：mustnt 禁止不允许 may not 可能不；cant不可能 neednt 没有必要答案：命题趋势和复习策略: 表猜测的情态动词是学生掌握的重点和难点解题时要深刻体会说话者的情感态度，准确把握说话者的语气，结合情景做出合理判断.9. 时态语态(07/23) At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _. A. has been reachedB. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached解析：过去完成时表

24、过去的过去答案：(2) (07/27) - _ you _ him around the museum yet? - Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have shown B. Do show C. Had shown D. Did show解析：yet/ already 连用现在完成时答案：(3) (06/23) - I dont suppose the police know who did it. - Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now.A. has been q

25、uestionedB. is being questionedC. is questioningD. has questioned解析：now 连用现在进行时答案：(4) (06/27) Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved解析：has achieved 到目前为止已经取得了答

26、案：() (05/29) They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we_on it as no good results have come out so far.had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working解析：在before引导的从句前发生的动作并强调动作的持续用

27、过去完成进行时，now连用现在进行时答案：() (04/26) More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated解析：this year 连用现在完成时答案：(7) (04/34) Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people_ to enjoy the advantages of this new tech

28、nology.begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun解析：when引导的定语从句修饰1990s,表发生在 过去的动作，用一般过去时答案：命题趋势和复习策略: 近几年时态的考查主要集中在完成时，进行时等主干时态的掌握上. 要求学生熟练掌握几种主干时态的根本概念. 解题时充分挖掘时间副词，短语，时间状语从句提供的信息.10. 非谓语动词(1) (07/28) - Can I smoke here? - Sorry. We dont allow _ here. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D.

29、 smoking解析：allow doing sth.允许做某事 allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事permit/ forbid/ advise doing sth.答案：(2) (07/30) He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures. A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest解析：make + o + o.c.( do/ done/ adj./ n )intereste

30、d 感兴趣的；interesting有趣的interest使感兴趣答案：() (06/30) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing.saying B. saidC. to sayD. having said解析: 现在分词做状语答案: () (06/32) - There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. - My goodness! I cant imag

31、ine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been解析: imagine sth./ (sb./sbs) doing sth. imagine sb./sth. (to be) + adj./ n.答案: () (05/25) - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been

32、 left D. to be left解析: be said to do/ be doing/ have been done答案: () (05/27) _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing解析: be lost in sth. 陷于/困于 be lost in thought/ wonder/admiration be dressed in sth./ be determ

33、ined to do答案：() (04/31) The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked解析：having done 现在分词的完成形式做状语 表先于谓语动词而完成的动作答案：命题趋势和复习策略: 非谓语动词的考查主要集中在非谓语动词的结构和功能的掌握上，要求学生熟悉非谓语动词时态语态变化的特征和充当的各种语法成分. 解题过程中要紧紧把握主被动关系和时间来确定非谓语动词的

34、形式。非谓语动词作状语时还要注意逻辑主语一致性原那么。11. 动词(1) 05/30 In our childhood, we were often _ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped解析：remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事答案：(2) (04/25) The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to fin

35、d C. on finding D. in finding解析：insist on doing sth. 坚持/执意做某事 persist in doing sth. 坚持/ 执意做某事答案: 命题趋势和复习策略: 动词的考查主要集中在动词词义和结构的掌握上，要求学生熟练掌握一些重点动词的词义和搭配. 12. 虚拟语气(05/33)- Dont you think it necessary that he _to Miami but to New York? - I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.will not be sent;

36、that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what解析：It is necessary/ important/ surprising/ strange that(should) do; that 引导的表语从句答案：13. 词序(07/31) - My room gets very cold at night. - _. A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does解析：so 也是，引导局部倒装句，还有：neither

37、/ nor/seldom/never/ hardly/ in no case/ at no time等答案：(2) (05/35) _ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip there for further research.So curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious解析：sothat结构中so引导的局部置于句首主句用局部倒装答案：(3) (

38、04/32) The_ house smells as if it hasnt beenlived in for years.A. little white wooden B. little wooden whiteC. white wooden little D. wooden white little解析：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的位置：颜色来源材料用途n.更远有：年龄，形状，大小，数量等的形容词e.g. two old black Chinese wooden writing desks答案：14. 复合句(07/25) Choosing the right dictionary dep

39、ends on_ you want to use it for. A. what B. why C. howD. whether解析：what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中充当for的宾语答案：(2) (06/29) The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.A. who B. that C. as D. which解析：which引导的非

40、限定性定语从句，指代上句的整个内容，谓语多见为：make/ be等客观性动词；as引导的非限定性定语从句，指代上句的整个内容，谓语多见为：know/ expect/ imagine等主观性动词答案：(3) (06/35) We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. if B. where C. whether D. that解析: 介词宾语从句表“是否怎样 用whether 引导.答案: (4) (05/32) The place _ the bridge is supposed

41、to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which解析: at which 引导的定语从句,where 引导的表 语从句.答案: (5) (04/33) _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As解析: as 引导非限定性定语从句,指代主

42、句的 整个内容,可以置于句首;which 引导的 从句置于句尾.答案: 命题趋势和复习策略: 近几年复合句的考查主要集中在名词性从句和定语从句的掌握上，学生尤其要掌握引导从句的关系词的词性的判断原那么. 由as/ which引导的非限定性定语从句是考查热点.15. 交际英语(07/32) - “Could we put off the meeting? she asked. - “_. He answered politely. “This is the only day everyone is available.A. Not likely B. Not exactlyC. Not near

43、ly D. Not really解析: not likely 不可能! 才不呢! not exactly 根本不,决不 not nearly 绝不, 相差甚远, 远非 not really 不太赞成或主张(语气较婉转)e.g. I dont really agree with you.答案: (2) (06/28) - It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me. - Well, you know what they say. _. A. There is no smoke without fire

44、 B. Practice makes perfect C. All roads lead to Rome D. No pains, no gains解析: 根据题意: 不劳无获.答案: (3) (05/24) - How about putting some pictures into the report? -_ A picture is worth a thousand words.No way. B. Why not? C. All right? D. No matter.解析: no way 无论如何不, 决不 why not? 何不? all right 可以, 没关系 no mat

45、ter 不要紧, 没关系答案: (4) (04/28) - You havent lost the ticket, have you? - _. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment. A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so解析: 根据题意应该是“我希望没丢答案：() (04/35) -How long are you staying? -I dont know._.Thats OK B. Never mind . It depends D.

46、 It doesnt matter解析：It/ That (all) depends. 那得看情况而定答案：六. 单项选择题的解题策略 解好单项选择题除了要求考生要有扎实的根本功外，也需要有一定的解题技巧。近几年的高考单项填空题淡化了单纯对语法规那么的考查，更注重考查语言运用能力，具有较强的实用性。这就要求我们不要把注意力放在钻研偏题、怪题上，而应当在语言的实际意义上下功夫，真正提高语言的运用能力。在平时的复习和解题中要注意将语法、语境和语言文化背景相结合，努力提高分析和解决问题的能力。1. 把握语境 单项填空题一个重要的考查方式是考查学生在特定语境中准确运用语法知识的能力。要求考生选择的不只

47、是正确答案，而是最正确答案, 因此考生做题时，一定要抓住可能隐藏于字里行间的信息，瞻前顾后，通盘考虑，准确把握语境内涵，有针对性地分析语法成分.07 江苏You may not have played very well today, but at least youve got through to the next round and _.A. tomorrow never comes B. tomorrow is another day C. never put off till tomorrow D. there is no tomorrow解析：题意：今天你可能发挥得不太好，但至少你

48、通过并进入下一轮了，明天又是新的一天。此题考查语境理解。tomorrow is another day意为“明天一切都会重新开始，用于鼓励对方，符合语境。答案：B2. 剖析题干 剖析题干是指准确把握题干的主旨大意，找出隐含在题干中的一些重要的信息. 这要求考生要有敏锐的观察能力和细致的分析问题的能力。06 江苏 A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were解析：题意：一位诗人兼艺术家明天下午要来给我们讲中国文学与绘画。根据题干中的时间状语表示一般将来时，由此排除C、D。句中的主语a poet and artist表示一个人兼有两种身份, a poet and an artist那么表示两个人。答案：A3. 结构复原 结构复原是指把主从复合句复原为两个简单句，把疑问句复原为陈述句，把强调句,倒装句复原为正常结构，把省略句补充完整，把被动结构复原为主动结