2022年上海纺织工业职工大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）

1、 2022年上海纺织工业职工大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】【阅读选择】You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying

2、 up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morn

3、ing, he should _. A、change his energy cycle B、overcome his laziness C、get up earlier than usual D、go to bed earlier【正确答案】C【答案解析】本题要求读者找出本段中的最后两句，并联系本段开头两句的意思，作出正确判断。本段开头说，“虽然你无法改变自己的能量周期，但你可以使你的生活适合这一周期。Dr. Kleitman认为经常性的行为(对你的能量周期)能起作用。”最后两句又说，“rise before your usual hourwork better at your low poi

4、nt”(“如果你在上午处于能量的低潮，但你有重要的工作要在上午做，那么你就要比平时早起。这并不改变你的周期，但你可以在低潮时得到能量，工作得更好。”)因此选项C是正确答案。第2题【单选题】【填句补文】There is a difference between science and technology. _. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve

5、 to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science. A、Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. B、We are all familiar with the improper use of technology. C、Unlike

6、science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. D、Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems.【正确答案】D【答案解析】第一句总述了科学和技术是有差别的。缺空后是对两者的分述，因此缺空处也应是对两者的分述，故选D。第3题【单选题】【概括大意】Wignall calculated the killing effic

7、iency for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Killing Pow

8、er of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions B、Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions C、Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions D、A Mass Extinction【正确答案】C【答案解析】本段第一句话是说：Wignall calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes；Wignall 计算了这些火山的“灭绝效率”；其中killing efficiency与killing Powe

9、r意思差不多，属于同义词转换，因此选择B或C，但是account for 意思是：（在数量方面）占；说明（原因等）不符合句意，因此不选择B。第4题【单选题】【阅读判断】Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for 2008 presidency. This is partly due to the biased thinking that women are weak on national security, though they

10、might be strong on education and health care. This damages their prospects as a presidential contender.Q: One of Hillarys campaign promises is to reform the nations health care system. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。问题句说“Hillary的一个竞选承诺是改革国家的医疗制度。”而本段只是说“女人做教育和医疗方面的工作有优势”，没有说Hillary的一个竞选

11、承诺式改革国家的医疗制度，因此问题句的信息在文章中没有被提到。第5题【单选题】【阅读判断】The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many h

12、omes.Q: Power supply system was not damaged during the storm. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。本题可译为：暴风雨中供电系统没遭到破坏。最后一句说大风和暴雨使一些家庭的供电出现了问题，与题项矛盾，故选B。第6题【单选题】【2009.10】The room was quiet, _ the occasional coughing from my throat. A、in case B、except for C、by far D、instead of【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题考查

13、介词短语意义区分。【译文】 这个房间很安静，除了偶尔从我喉咙里发出的咳嗽声以外。 A 以免、以防万一 B 除了以外 C 到目前为止 D 代替、而不是第7题【单选题】【填句补文】“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of whats going on with the elements,” says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge _. A、An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table（元素周期表）to make chemistry si

14、mpler to teach to students. B、The traditional periodic table was well drawn. C、“I imagine contour lines would be good for undergraduates.” D、But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.【正确答案】C【答案解析】这一段是剑桥大学的Albert Galy的原话，我们可以从引导整个关键点得出答案。即：“地学化学家

15、们只想通过直觉判断元素的活动。我想等高线对学生们有好处”。第8题【单选题】【概括大意】The charming smiles and service from the sales ladies and gentlemen are always there ready for you. More often than not（往往）, on such occasions newcomers from elsewhere, say, China mainland, may feel something more than mere uneasiness-even a sense of guilt

16、if they do not buy something from the shop. For some local old-timers（老前辈，老人）, especially the teenagers, they feel quite at home with all these. Some of them think it is no good to be the God; sometimes they would rather be a shoplifter. The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Hong Kong is worthy of

17、its reputation as a business center of the world. B、It is uneasy to be offered smiles and services. C、Shopping or window-shopping here, you can really feel the meaning of The Customer is the God ! D、Shoplifting has been a frequent criminal offence.【正确答案】C【答案解析】本段强调的是这里“顾客是上帝”的这种理念和氛围。因此选择C。第9题【单选题】【

18、阅读选择】During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that youre hot. Thats true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No o

19、ne has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: Get up, John！Youll be late for work again! The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these

20、 energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage？ A、Unawareness of energy cycles. B、Familiar monologues. C、A change in a family members energy cycle. D、Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family m

21、embers.【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题的关键是看懂本段的最后一句(即：“Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean，and which cycle each member of the family has”)，同时联系本段的第四句和第五句(即：“For some people the peak comes during the morningFor others it comes in the afternoon or evening”)的意思。该句

22、的直接意思是“如果丈夫和妻子能明白能量周期是怎么回事，以及家庭每个成员有什么样的周期，很多家庭争吵就会停止。”也就是说，家庭争吵的发生是因为丈夫和妻子不了解能量周期是怎么回事，更谈不上了解每个家庭成员有什么样的能量周期了。因此A项：Unawareness of energy cycles(不知道能量周期)应是正确答案。第10题【单选题】【2009.7】The wounded soldiers would recover quickly if they were well _. A、nourished B、stuffed C、tamed D、ventured【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题考查过去

23、分词意义区分。译文：如果受伤的战士营养很好，他们就会很快痊愈。A 营养，滋养；B 填满，塞满； C 驯服（猛兽）；D 冒险第11题【单选题】【2009.04】It is not decided _ the conference will be held. A、what B、which C、when D、that【正确答案】C【答案解析】本题考查主语从句的引导词的选择。译文：大会什么时候召开还没有决定。详细解答：A 什么；B 哪一个；C 什么时候；D （无词义）。第12题【单选题】【2009.10】As for family education, parents are encouraged t

24、o rely on _ rather than punishment. A、criticism B、intimidation C、persuasion D、scolding【正确答案】C【答案解析】本题考查名词词义区分。【译文】 关于家庭教育，鼓励父母们依靠说服而不是惩罚孩子。 A 批评、指责 B 恐吓、威胁 C 说服、劝服 D 责骂、斥责第13题【单选题】【阅读选择】For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there. In Fleet Street,

25、home of some of Londons biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise a

26、mong British unions? A、Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work. B、More jobs will be created by the union. C、More people will be employed than necessary. D、The unions will try to increase productivity.【正确答案】C【答案解析】本段开头告诉读者“there are more men than are neededwhen two unions quarrel ove

27、r three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two”，接下来作者又进一步说明其实质，即它意味着“33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained”。第14题【单选题】【阅读选择】Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all

28、the factors of production namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP because the factors of production do not receive payment

29、 for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses

30、 directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Which of the following statements is true according to the paragraph? A、GNP equals national income p

31、lus indirect business taxes. B、GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes. C、Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid. D、The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.【正确答

32、案】D【答案解析】本题的依据是本段的The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income.这个句子。对原句的词语选项D用了别的表达方法，但大意仍保持不变。第15题【单选题】【填句补文】The acid rain（酸雨）is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volca

33、nic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced. _. A、The problem, however, is not just a European one. B、That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to bec

34、ome seriously damaged already. C、However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people. D、Acid rain is how a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.【正确答案】C【答案解析】前文提到完成这项工作需要很多的钱，答案转折说到了墨西哥没有这么多的钱去做。两句

35、之间有隐含的逻辑关系。第16题【单选题】【2009.10】_ he has many friends, he is often feeling lonely. A、As B、When C、While D、Since【正确答案】C【答案解析】本题考查状语从句的从属连词。【译文】 尽管（虽然）他有许多朋友，但他常常感到孤独。第17题【单选题】【概括大意】Our bodies are estimated to be about 60 to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a

36、 lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients （滋养） to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Ounces of Water Needed Per Day B、Im

37、portance of Water C、Water in Our Body D、The Function of Water【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过介绍水在我们身体里的含量、水存在身体的那些部位及水的一些功能来证明水的重要性。因此选择B。第18题【单选题】【阅读选择】The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earths surface is covered with water. But about 97

38、% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs（冰山）and glaciers（冰川）. Even worse, some of it has b

39、een polluted.What percentage of the earths water can man actually use at present? A、Nearly 75 per cent. B、About 97 per cent. C、Exactly 3 per cent. D、Less than 3 percent.【正确答案】D【答案解析】根据本段得知，地球上只有3的水适于人类饮用，然而部分以冰山或冰川的形式存在，还有的被污染，因而实际上人类能用的水要低于3。第19题【单选题】The Roman goddess Venus is identified _ the Gree

40、k goddess Aphrodite. A、with B、by C、for D、to【正确答案】A【答案解析】be identified with：和.有联系，被视为与.等同。第20题【单选题】They wrote a letter of thanks to _ had helped them. A、who B、whom C、whomever D、whoever【正确答案】D【答案解析】whoever had helped them是介词to的宾语从句，whoever是这个从句的主语。whoever had helped them：任何帮助过他们的人。第21题【单选题】【2009.01】I

41、was writing a report last night;_I would not have stayed up late. A、however B、otherwise C、therefore D、furthermore【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题考查副词词义辨析。句意：我昨天晚上写一个报告，否则我就不会熬夜了。A 然而，不过；B 否则，要不然；C 因此，所以；D 再者，而且。 第22题【单选题】【2010.04】We have greatly _ the procedure according to the chairmans suggestion. A、stimulated B、p

42、erceived C、obscured D、simplified【正确答案】D【答案解析】【译文】 按照主席的提议我们已经大大地简化了步骤。【试题分析】本题考查词义辨析。【详细解答】 动词的词义选取。第23题【单选题】【2010.04】We should _ this in mind: Dont judge a person by his appearance. A、bear B、put C、place D、print【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题考查词汇题。【译文】 我们应当牢牢记住：不要以貌取人。详细解答】牢记在心：bear in mind 或者keep in mind第24题【单选题】【

43、阅读选择】On the other hand, on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon; but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth. This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth. The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends o

44、n the amount of material in it. A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own; but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon, or the earth, or the sun.We do not feel the gravitational pull of a packet of butter because A、it is too small to have a gravitati

45、onal pull of its own. B、its pull is so small that we tend to ignore it. C、its pull disappears in the presence of the earths gravitation. D、it tends to melt and loses its gravitational pull.【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题定位词是not feelpacket of butter，找到原文中A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own; but th

46、is is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon, or the earth, or the sun.所以答案是B。C项错在disappear。第25题【单选题】【填句补文】Its now socially acceptable, even fashionable, to live alone. As people get better jobs and become financially independent, it becomes possible for them to maintai

47、n a one-person household. _. However, people who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often. A、Theres more pressure to get married nowadays. B、The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone. C、It seems that many grown-u

48、ps today are realizing that childhood dream. D、More and more Americans are living alone.【正确答案】B【答案解析】前句中提到“经济独立”有可能造成保持一个人的家庭生活，B中的“妇女有好的工作，增加了独身的人数”与前句内容正好呼应。第26题【单选题】【完成句子】Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds, though processes are still not fully understood. Typic

49、ally, positive charges（正电荷） build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged（负电荷的）. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the grounds surfaces, making it become positively charged. T

50、he positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.In most cases of cloud-to-ground lightning, the grounds surface_. A、is positively charged B、is shifted sideways by strong winds C、is negative charged D、is changed from positively charge to negative charge【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段文字解释了云层与地面之间的闪电的成因，云层

51、下部带负电荷，排斥地面表层的负电荷，所以地面表层聚集的是正电荷。答案为A。第27题【单选题】【2009.04】Ive got the order from the boss that the work _ finished before 5 p.m. today. A、would be B、be C、will have been D、could be【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题考查名词从句中的虚拟语气。译文：我已经从老板那得到指令，这项工作在今天下午五点钟之前要完成。详细解答：that引导同位语从句，说明order的内容。同时从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用should+动词原形的形式，shou

52、ld 可以省略。第28题【单选题】【完成句子】Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always spent 15 minutes reading something before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m. made no difference.You are advised to r

53、ead something before you _. A、find the topic sentences B、find out the new words C、keep reading fast D、go to bed every day【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段提到一位著名的医生不管晚上睡得多晚，都要花15分钟读点东西，那已经成为习惯。所以本题说“在你干什么之前，建议你读点东西”，从选项中看只有 D 项合适。第29题【单选题】【2009.01】Modern economics _the countrys agricultural policies. A、undergoes B、und

54、erstands C、underlies D、undertakes【正确答案】C【答案解析】本题考查词义辨析。句意：现代经济学是国家农业政策的基础。考查形近动词词义。A 经历，经受；B 了解；C 成为的基础；D 承担，保证。 第30题【单选题】【填句补文】Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. _ Says Sallie Chishol, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

55、 But the take-home message is the same. Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warming. A、These are newer and better models, B、Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming. C、Adding iron to patches of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily. D、As plankton die and settle

56、on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.【正确答案】A【答案解析】这个问题可以根据引号来作答，因为空格后面有“says”这个词，它预示着所填入的句子应该是带引号的。A的意思是：这些是比较新的也是比较好的模型。第31题【单选题】【阅读判断】A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from

57、 their beds.Q: During the April 28 earthquake, the whole England was left without power. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。题中说2007年4月28日的地震致使全英格兰都停电，与文中表达的内容不符。文中说地震殃及英格兰东南部的肯特郡部分地区，电力中断，几千名居民无电可用。the whole England 与 parts of southeast England 是不符的，所以选B。第32题【单选题】【阅读选择】Hearing loss, which o

58、ccurs typically prior to teenage years, progresses throughout ones lifetime. Although hearing loss is now the worlds number one health problem, nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated. For many millions, treating hearing loss in a conventional way can

59、 involve numerous office visits, expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to Crystal Ear, the sound solution is now convenient. Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss, and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off（下降）, can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear.

60、 Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient, so batteries can last months. Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier（放大器）.According to the passage, hearing loss is_. A、only a minor health problem. B、the worlds most common health