研究生学术综合英语补充课文的原文翻译和习题答案

1、Lesson OneSpell of the Rising MoonREADING COMPREHENSIONAnswer the following questions or complete the following statements.D (But it is the drama of the moonrise that I cometo see. For that restores in mea quiet and clarity that the city spends too freely.)D ( There have been broad, confident harves

2、t moonsin autumn; shy, misty moons in spring; lonely, white winter moons rising into the utter silence of an ink-black sky and smoke-smudged orange moons over the dry fields of summer. Each, like fine music, excited my heart and then calmed my soul.)C (To prehistoric hunters the moon overhead was as

3、 unerring as heartbeat. They knew that every 29 days it becamefull-bellied and brilliant, then sickened and died, and then was reborn. They knew the waxing moon appeared larger and higher overhead after each succeeding sunset. They knew the waning moonrose later each night until it vanished in the s

4、unrise.)B (Still, it tugs at our minds. If we unexpectedly encounter the full moon, huge and yellow over the horizon, we are helpless but to stare back at its commanding presence.)B (I learned about its gifts one July evening in the mountains.My car had mysteriously stalled, and I was stranded and a

5、lone.)B (To watch the moon move inexorably higher is to find an unusual stillness within ourselves.)D (On that July night, I watched the moon for an hour or two, and then got back into the car, turned the key in the ignition and heard the engine start, just as mysteriously as it had stalled a few ho

6、urs earlier.)A (I return often to the rising moon. I am drawn especially when events crowd ease and clarity of vision into a small corner of my life.)A (Of Beethovens Moonlight Sonata and of Shakespeare, whose Lorenzo declaims in The Merchant of Venice, /How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank

7、! / Here will we sit and let the sounds of music/Creep in our ears. I wonder if their verse and music, like the music of crickets, are in some way voices of the moon.)A (The whole passage.)Global understanding and logical structuresComplete the following notes with the information, from the text:The

8、 author often climbs the hill near his home at night to watch the drama of the moonrise because it can restore in him a quiet and clahty that the dty spends too freely.To the author the different mood and color of the moon are:In autumn: broad, confident harvestIn spring: shy, mistyIn winter: lonely

9、, whiteIn summer: smoke-smudged orangeA. To prehistoric hunters the moon overhead was as unerring as heartbeat.To contemporary people live indoors few can say what time the moon will rise tonight.But if we unexpectedly encounter the full moon, we are helpless but to stare back at 让s commanding prese

10、nce.The moon has gifts to bestow upon those who watch it:Example: One July evening in the mountains, the authors car mysteriously stalled, and he was stranded and alone.He took the advantage to watch the moonrise for an hour or two.When he got back into the car, the engine started just as mysterious

11、ly as it had stalled a few hours earlier.Later on the author often returns to the rising moon when events crowd ease an clahty of vision into a small corner of my life.He listens to the sound of owls and cricketsand thinks the beautiful music and poems about the moon.At moonrise, people open the ven

12、ts of feeling and exercise parts of our minds that reason locks away by day.VOCABULARYChoose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences.1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. BChoose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use ea

13、ch word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.1. swoop 2. cricket 3. smudged 4. Stalled 5. tugs at6. stay clear of 7. slipped into 8. crowded into 9. loom up 10. strandedIII. CLOZE1. just as 2. permanent 3. depend on 4. phase 5. shadow6. Resembling 7. lunar 8. closer 9. ill

14、uminated 10. waningTRANSLATIONPut the following parts into Chinese.ORAL PRACTICE AND DISCUSSIONHow does the author describe the moonrise? Is it the same as you see it?The sun had set, and I was watching what seemedto be the bright-orange glow of a forest fire beyond a ridge to the east. Suddenly, th

15、e ridge itself seemed to burst into flame. Then, the rising moon, huge and red and grotesquely misshapen by the dust and sweat of the summeratmosphere, loomed up out of the woods.Distorted thus by the hot breath of earth, the moon seemed ill-tempered and imperfectBut as the moonlifted off the ridge

16、it gathered firmness and authority. Its complexion changed from red, to orange, to gold, to impassive yellow. It seemedto draw light out of the darkening earth, for as it rose, the hills and valleys below grew dimmer. By the time the moon stood clear of the horizon, full chested and round and the co

17、lor of ivory, the valleys were deep shadows in the landscapeThe drama took an hour. Moonrise is slow and serried with subtleties 。Moonrise is a natural phenomenon. The main part of this essay is the description of it full of the authors emotions and thoughts associated with it. Pick out the authors

18、most beautiful descriptions with similes, metaphors and personification.From this hill I have watched many moons rise. Each one had its own mood. There have been broad, confident harvest moons in autumn, shy, misty moonsin spring; lonely, white winter moonsrising into the utter silence of an ink-bla

19、ck sky and smoke-smudgedorange moonsover the dry fields of summer. Each, like fine music, excited myheart and then calmed my soul.(And others referring to the first question.)One July evening in the mountains, the authors car mysteriously stalled, and he was stranded and alone, but after watching th

20、e moonrise for an hour or two the engine started mysteriously again. Do you think it was the spell of the rising moon? Open.We Chinese often associated the full moon with family reunion, our hometown and our motherland if we are abroad. Can you tell what people do whenwe Chinese celebrate the festiv

21、als associated with the moonsuch as the Lantern Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival? And why?Open.Find out the famous Chinese poemsabout the moon, and try to translate the following poem into English.李白诗一首床前明 月光， Before my bedThere is bright moonlight疑是地上霜.So that it seemsLike frost on the ground.举

22、头望明月,Lifting my headI watch the bright moon, 低头思故乡。Lowering my headI dream that Im home.Another poem for reference:李白词一首秋风清，秋月明 The autumn wind is light落叶聚还散 寒鸦栖复惊 相思相见知何日 此时此夜难为情The autumn moon is bright;Fallen leaves gather but then disperse,A cold crow roosts but again he stirs;pain.I think of yo

23、u, and wonder when Ill see you again?At such an hour,on such a night,cruel is lovesTranslation of the Text月亮升起来彼得斯坦哈特我家附近有座小山。晚上，我常爬上山去。此时，城市的喧嚣成了遥远的低语。 在这黑夜的静谧中，我可以尽情分享蟋 蟀的欢乐，感受猫头鹰的自信。可我上山是来看月出的，因为这可以让我重新得 到在城市中失去的宁静与清新。在这座山上，我已欣赏过许多次月亮升起的景象。 每一次月的姿容脾性都有 所不同。秋天，满月如轮，充满自信；春天，月亮灰蒙蒙，羞羞答答；冬天，银 白的月亮挂在漆黑

24、的、悄无声息的夜空中，显得那般孤寂；夏天，橘黄的月似被 烟尘笼罩，俯瞰干燥的田野。每一种月亮，都像美妙的音乐，震动我的心灵，令 我的灵魂平静。观月自古有之。在远古的猎人眼里，月亮如同心跳一样准确无误。他们知道 每29天，月亮都要变得明亮饱满，然后萎缩、消失，然后又再复活；他们知道， 月盈期间，每经一次日落，头顶的月亮就会显得更高更大；他们还知道月亏期间， 月亮每晚都要迟迟升起，待到日出才落。他们竟能从经验中了解到月亮的行踪变 化，真可谓心深意广。但我们这些人却因深居室内，与月亮失去了联系。城市炫目的街灯、污浊的 烟尘掩盖了夜晚的天空。虽然人类已在月亮上行走过，但月亮对于我们却更加陌 生了。有几

25、人能说得出今晚月亮会几时升起。但无论怎样，月亮依旧牵动我们的心灵。倘若我们偶尔遇见一轮黄灿灿的满 月高悬中天，谁都会禁不住停下来凝神仰望她尊贵的姿容。 而月亮也向注视她的 人赐予厚礼。我了解到她的馈赠是在山间七月的一个夜晚。 我的车突然熄火，将我孤身一 人网在山中。太阳已经西沉，我看见东边山头涌出一团橘红色的明光， 好像森林 起火一般，俄而山头自己也似乎迸出火焰，一会儿，大大的月亮涨红着脸，从密 林中鬼魅似地钻了出来，夏天空气中弥漫的尘雾与汗气把它变得丑陋不堪。大地灼热的呼吸扭曲了它，它变得格外暴噪，不再完美。附近农舍的狗紧张 地狂吠起来，以为这团奇怪的光亮叫醒了野草中的魔鬼。然而当月亮缓缓升

26、起，离开山头，它变得坚定、威严；它的面孔也由红变成 了橘红，又变成金色，最后是平静的明黄色。它似乎从渐暗的大地中吸取了光明， 因为随着它的升起，下面的丘陵山谷愈来愈黯淡朦胧。待到皓月当空，满月如盘， 闪烁着象牙般乳白的清辉，山谷便成了风景中一片片幽深的阴影。 那些狗明白了 那团光原是它们熟悉的月亮，也安定下来，停止了吼叫。霎时间，我也觉得信心 倍增，心情舒畅，近乎笑了起来。这奇特的景观持续了一个小时。月出是缓慢的，充满神奇。观看月出，我们得回到过去那种对时间的耐心中去。观看月亮不可阻挡地升到空中就能让我们内 心安宁，我们的神思能让我们看到宇宙的广漠和大地的宽阔， 能让我们忘掉自己。 我们觉得自

27、身渺小，却又深感大自然的厚待。月色下，我们看不到生活中坚硬的棱角。山坡在月光下如同笼上了柔和的轻 纱，一片银白；海水在月光下碧蓝而静谧；我们在月光下也不再像白日那般精于 算计，而是沉醉于自然的情感中。这个时候，奇特的事发生了。在那个七月的夜晚，我看了一两个小时的月景 后，回到车中，转动钥匙点火，发动机居然响了起来，就像几个小时前熄火那般 突然而神秘。我驱车沿着山路回家，肩上披着明月，心灵一片宁静。后来我常回到山上观月，尤其是在接踵而来的事使我身心疲惫、头晕眼花时。 这种境况经常发生在秋天，这时我就登上那座小山，守候猎人的月亮出现，等着 那金色的圆月俯照大地，为黑夜带来光明。一只猫头鹰自山头俯冲

28、下来，静悄悄地如一团火焰闪过，一只蟋蟀在草丛长 鸣。我想起了诗人和音乐家，想起了贝多芬的“月光奏鸣曲”和莎士比亚笔下威 尼斯商人中洛伦佐的话：“月光沉睡在这岸边多么轻柔！/我们要坐在这里让音 乐之声/潜入我们的耳内。”我不知道他们的诗篇与音乐，连同蟋蟀的歌声，是 否都可算作月的声音。想到这些，我那些城市化的昏乱心绪也融化在了夜的幽静 之中。恋人和诗人在夜里能找到生活更深刻的意义。 其实我们都爱问一些深刻的问 题一一我们的祖先是什么？我们的命运在哪里？我们不喜欢那些统治着白天世 界的刻板的几何教科书，都愿意沉溺于永远找不到答案的谜团中。 在夜里，我们 都成了哲人和神秘主义者。月出之时，当我们放慢

29、自己的思想，让它跟随天围的脚步，一种心醉神迷的 感觉就会流遍全身。我们会打开情感的窗口，会让白天被理智锁住的那部分思绪 尽情奔涌。我们有越过遥远的时空，听见远古猎人的低语，再次看到很久以前的 恋人与诗人眼中的世界。Lesson TwoEthics and CompetitivenessPreparing to ReadTips for the teacherThe text is about ethics in business; hence the purpose of this exercise is to let the students understand how important

30、 ethics is in doing business. The teacher can adopt several steps achieving the aim. First, let the students talk about the various businesses that involve ethics. Second, let the students understand the dangers of illegal business practices in American or Chinese corporations, so that the students

31、interest in the text will be aroused.Background InformationIntroduction to the author and the text: John F. Akers, born on 28Dec. 1934 chairman and CEO of IBM 1985-1993.A graduate of Yale, Mr. Akers joined IBM in 1960 as a sales trainee in San Francisco following active duty as a Navy carrier pilot.

32、 After various marketing assignments, he was named president of the Data Processing Division, then IBMs largest domestic marketing unit, in 1974 at age 39. He became a vice president in 1976, a senior vice president in 1982 and president in 1983. This article Ethics and competitiveness - putting fir

33、st things first was first published in 1989 in Sloan Management Review, winter, 69-71.American Education System:Most Americans attend twelve years ofprimary and secondary school. With a secondary school high school) diploma or certificate, a student can enter college, university, vocational (job tra

34、ining) school, secretarial school, and other professional schools.Primary and Secondary School: Begins around age six for U.S. children. They attend five or six years of primary school. Next they go to secondary school, which consists of either two three-year programs or a three-year and a four-year

35、 program. These are called middle school or junior high school and senior high school (often just called “high s chool). Americans call these twelve years of primary and secondary school the first through twelfth grades.Higher Education: After finishing high school (twelfth grade), U.S. students may

36、go on to college or university. College or university study is known as “higher education. You should find out which level of education in your country corresponds to the twelfth grade in the U.S.A. You also should ask your educational advisor or guidance counselor whether you must spend an extra ye

37、ar or two preparing for U.S. admission. In somecountries, employers and the government do not recognize a U.S. education if a student entered a U.S. college or university before heor she could enter university at home.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882): American poet, one of the most popular and

38、 celebrated poets of his time. Born in Portland, Maine (then in Massachusetts), Longfellow was educated at Bowdoin College. After graduating in 1825 he traveled in Europe in preparation for a teaching career. He taught modern languages at Bowdoin from 1829 to 1835. In late 1835, during a second trip

39、 to Europe, Longfellows wife, Mary Storer Potter, died in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Longfellow returned to the United States in 1836 and began teaching at Harvard University. In 1843 he remarried, to Fanny Appleton. After retiring from Harvard in 1854, Longfellow devoted himself exclusively to wri

40、ting. He was devastated when in 1861 his second wife was burned to death in a household accident. He commemorated her shortly before his own death with the sonnet The Cross of Snow (1879). In 1884 a bust of Longfellow was placed in the Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey in London; he was the first Am

41、erican to be thus honored.人生颂年青人的心对歌者说的话 朗费罗不要在哀伤的诗句里告诉我：“人生不过是一场幻梦！”灵魂睡着了，就等于死了， 事物的真相与外表不同。 人生是真切的！人生是实在的! 它的归宿决不是荒坟；“你本是尘土，必归于尘土” 这是指躯壳，不是指灵魂。 我们命定的目标和道路 不是享乐，也不是受苦； 而是行动，在每个明天 都超越今天，跨出新步。 智艺无穷，时光飞逝； 这颗心，纵然勇敢坚强， 也只如颦鼓，闷声敲动着， 一下又一下，向坟地送丧。 世界是一片辽阔的战场， 人生是到处扎寨安营； 莫学那听人驱策的哑畜， 做一个威武善战的英雄！ 别指望将来，不管它多可爱

42、！ 把已逝的过去永久掩埋！ 行动吧-趁着活生生的现在！ 心中有赤心，头上有真宰！A Psalm of LifeHenry Wadsworth LongfellowTell me not, in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream! For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they seem. Life is real! Life is earnest!And the grave is not its goal;Dust thou art,to dust retu

43、rnest, Was not spoken of the soul.Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,Is our destined end or way;But to act, that each to-morrowFind us farther than to-day.Art is long, and Time is fleeting, And our hearts, though stout and brave, Still, like muffled drums, are beatingFuneral marches to the grave.In the w

44、orlds broad field of battle,In the bivouac of life,Be not like dumb, driven cattle!Be a hero in the strife!Trust no Future, howeer pleasant!伟人的生平启示我们： 我们能够生活得高尚， 而当告别人世的时候， 留下脚印在时间的沙上； 也许我们有一个兄弟 航行在庄严的人生大海， 遇险沉了船，绝望的时亥IJ, 会看到这脚印而振作起来。 那么，让我们起来干吧， 对任何命运要敢于担戴； 不断地进取，不断地追求, 要善于劳动，善于等待。Let the dead Past

45、 bury its dead! Act, - act in the living Present! Heart within, and God oevhead! Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us. Footprints on the sand of time.; Footprints, that perhaps another, Sailing oer lifes solemn main, A forlorn and shipwrecke

46、d brother, Seeing, shall take heart again. Let us, then, be up and doing, With a heart for any fate;Still achieving, still pursuing, Learn to labor and to wait.NotesLet me urge at the outset that 皿 of us in management look at both these wards ethics and competitiveness with a wtde angle of vision. t

47、Para. I): Let me advice you at the very beginning that all of us in management look at both these words in a perspective which will enable us to consider something that is normally missed.at the outset: al Ibe beginningeg You should explain this to him al the outset.we should think not just as manag

48、ers focusing on a narrow preserve labeled business ethics 4 h: we should not think as managers paying attention io a narrow area classified as business ethicspreserve 口： separate place； an area of land kept in its natural sia* especially for wild animals to live in to be protectedNo society anywhere

49、 will compete very long or successfully with everything requiring notarized confirmation because you can!t trust the other iellaw, Para, 2): Not a sing旭 society where people dont trust each other and need belief confimiation from an authority will ever last long or compete successfully.notarized con

50、firm a lion: assurance (that sth is true) certified by a public notarywith every little squabble ending in irtigation (Para.21: with every small quarrel settled in court. tying business hand and foot to keep it honest, f&m 2)：. forcing businessmen to be honestbe tied to: If you are tied to a job, pl

51、ace or personh you are forced to stay with them:e.g. I felt tied to the* job while 1 had a mortgage to pay.That is a recipe for headaches in running a company (Para. 3)： Thal is likely lo be the difficulties mvaived in managing a company Thal here refers tn Lhe previous sentLince in paragraph 2, i.e

52、. a society with people stabbing Rar:h other in the back; with penpld trying to steal from each other： with everything requiring notarized confinuation; with every little squabble ending in litigation etc.be a recipe for disaster / trouble / success, etc,; be very likely Lo become a disaster/success

53、, etc. e.g. Al those children unsupervised sounds to me like a recipe for disasb?rThere is no escaping this fact: the greater the measure of mutual trust and confidence in the ethics of a society, the greater its economic strength, fPara.3)： It is impussihle for us to ignore this fact, i.e4 the more

54、 people tnist each othfli and have confidfince in others, tiie mom prosperous the social and economic(ievE?Ioprnent will be.I do not say the sky is falling here m the United States. (Para. 4)： I dont mean to say that we here id the United States are confronting a desperate and hopeless situation. OR

55、 1 think we have problttins, but Im optimistic, too,I do not think we had a great ethical height tn the good old days from which weve been tumbling downhUL (Pura. 4)： I do not mean io say that in the past we had a very good siluation of ethics, i.e. we had achieved high moral slandard, from which wh

56、 have fallen down to the lower standard nowadays.W. Wall Street brokers who profit from their insider status.Pentagon employees who sell classified information, tPara.4)： dealers in Wall Street who guts profit because nf nasy-to-gnL confidential news acquired by some invulvenieyit with certain nompa

57、nies employees from the Departmfint of Defense who sell some cunGdentia information for benefits,classified infhrniation: information forbidden to be disclosed for reasoiis of naGonal ur military securityBut most of us can agree with Thomas Jefferson that all human beings are endowed with a moral se

58、nse that the average farmer behind a plow can decide a moral question as well as a university professor, (Para. 4): But must of us can agree with ThoniEis Jefferson Lhat all human beings arc born with a moral sense that a common famiFr can decide what is right and whal is wrong in trms of morality a

59、s a university professor.That common moral sense, however, does not come out of nowhere or perpetuate itself automatically. Every generation must keep it alive and flourishing All of us can think of means to this end. iPara. 5),- That common sen5e of morality, however, does not come out of nowhere o

60、r last forever automatically. Every geDeratioD must keep it alive and active and make it be continued. All of us can think of methods to achieve this goalParents and others who by precept and example set us straight on good and evil, right and wrong. (Para. 6)； Parents and others who through their w