2016年职称英语考试理工B真题与答案【完整版】

1、2016年职称英语理工B真题第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Allhouseswithin100metersoftheseasare(atriskof)flooding.A.indangerB.outofcontrolC.betweenequalsD.inparticular2.Thecoursesgivesyoubasic(instruction)inmaintenance.A.ideaB.termC.aspectD.coachingWeareawareofthe(potential

2、)problems.A.possibleB.globalC.ongoingD.centralStockmarketprice(tumbled)afterrumorofariseininterestrate.A.regulatedB.increasedC.fellD.maintainedThe(revelation)ofhispastledtohisresignation.imaginationconfirmationrecalldisclosureThedetailsofthecostumeweretotally(authentic).A.realB.outstandingC.creative

3、D.falseThenew(garment)fitsherperfectly.A.haircut-1-purseclothesnecklaceWeareworriedaboutthis(fluid)situationfullwithuncertainty.A.stableB.suitableC.changeableD.adaptableTheideawasquite(brilliant).positivekeyoriginalcleverTheyhavebuiltcanalsto(irrigate)thedesert.A.decorateB.changeC.waterD.visitHerove

4、ralllanguageproficiencyremainsthatofa(toddler).A.disabledB.pupilC.babyD.teenagerThecoastalareahasvery(mild)winter,butthecentralplainsremainextremelycold.A.warmB.severeC.hardD.dryThephobiamayhaveitsrootsinachildhood(trauma).fearjoyhurtmemoryYouwillhaveto(sprint)ifyouwanttocatchthetrain.A.jumpB.run-2-

5、escapeprepareJesenisadangerousman,andcanbevery(brutal).A.carelessB.strongC.cruelD.hard第二部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。TheTheoryofEverythingIfStephenHawkinglivesuntiltheyear2017,hewillhavelivedmorethan50yearslongerthanNsd

6、octorsexpected.Whenhewasacollegestudent,doctorsdiscoveredthathehadararedisease.Thisdiseasecausesagradualdisintegration(分解)ofthenervecellsinthebraincellsthatregulatevoluntarymuscleactivity.Deathalmostalwaysoccurswithintwoorthreeyears.TodayStephenHawkingcannotwalkorspeak.Hecannotmovehisarmsorhishead.H

7、ecannottasteofsmellanything.AndyetthismanisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity,apositionheldbythefamousscientistIsaacNewtonin1669.HawkingIsoftendescribedasthegreatestscientistsinceAlbertEinstein,buttotheworldoutsidescience.Heisalsoknownasthemanwhomadescientifictheoryunderstandable.Hisbook,AB

8、riefHistoryofTime,hassoldovereightmillioncopies.Hesaysthatsincehedoesnothavetothinkabouthisbodyordoanyofthethingsothermenhavetoworryabout,suchaswashingthecarorworkingintheyard,hecandedicateallofhistimetothinking.Thisputshimintheperfectpositiontofindtheanswertothequestionthathehasdedicatedhislifeto.H

9、isquestionis:Isthereacompletetheoryoftheuniverseandeverythinginit?Despitehistremendousphysicaldisabilities,hehasalreadymadesomeveryimportantdiscoveriesabouttheoriginoftheuniverse,howtheuniverseholdstogether,andhowitwillprobablyend.Hehasalsobeenabletoexplainthesecretsofblackinspaceholes.Nowheislookin

10、gforasetofrulesthateverythinginouruniversemustobey.HecallsittheTheoryofEverything.Hethinksthatsomeonewillhavefoundtheanswerwithinthenext20years.-3-IfStephenHawkingitabletofindhisTheoryofEverything,hewillhavegiventheworldtheopportunitytounderstandthingsthatwillchangethewholenatureofscienceandprobably

11、alsothewaywelive.StephenHawkingwillbe50yearsoldby2017.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedStephenHawkingsuffersfromararebraindisease.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedStephenHawkingisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedABriefHistoryofTimeisverydifficultforstudentstounderstand.R

12、ightWrongNotmentionedStephenHawkinghasmuchtimetothinkbecausehedoesnthavetowork.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.StephenHawkinghasspentaroundtenyearsexplainingthesecretsof.RightWrongNotmentionedTheTheoryofEverythingIsabouttherulesthateverythingintheuniversefollows.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第三部分：概况大意与

13、完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳选项标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。-4-Geothermal（地热）EnergySinceheatnaturallymovesfromhotterregionstocoolerones,theheatfromtheearthscenterflowsoutwardstowardsthesurface.Inthisway,ittransferstothenextlayerofrock.Ifthetemperatureis

14、highenough,someofthisrockmeltsandformsmagma(岩浆).Themagmaascendsinitsturntowardstheearthssurface.Itoftenremainswellbelowtheearthssurface,creatingvastareasofhotrock.Insuchregions,therearedeepcracks,whichallowrainwatertodescendunderground.Someoftheheatedrainwatertravelsbackuptotheearthssurfacewhereitwi

15、llappearasahotspring.However,ifthisascendinghotwaterreachesalayerofimpermeable（不可渗透的）rock,itremainstrapped,formingageothermalreservoir.Ifgeothermalreservoirsarecloseenoughtothesurface,theycanbereachedbydrillingwells.Hotwaterandsteamshootupthewellsnaturally,andcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityingeotherma

16、lpowerplants.Afewgeothermalpowerplantsdependondry-stemreservoirswhichproducesteambutlittleornowater.Inthesecases,thesteamispipedupdirectlytoprovidethepowertospinaturbinegenerator.Thefirstgeothermalpowerplant,constructedatLardarelloinItaly,wasofthistype,andisstillproducingelectricitytoday.3Mostcurren

17、tlyoperatinggeothermalpowerplantsareeitherflashsteamplantsorbinary（双重的）plants.Flashplantsproducemainlyhotwaterrangingintemperaturefrom300to700Fahrenheit.Thiswaterispassedthroughoneortwoseparatorswherereleasedfromthepressureoftheundergroundreservoir,itflashesorboilsintosteamAgain,theforceofthissteamp

18、rovidestheenergytospintheturbineandproduceelectricity.Thegeothermalwaterandsteamarethenreinjecteddirectlybackdownintotheearthtomaintainthevolumeandpressureofthereservoir.Graduallytheywillbereheatedandcanthenbeusedagain.Areservoirwithtemperaturesbelow300Fahrenheitisnothotenoughtoflashsteambutitcansti

19、llbeusedtogenerateelectricityinbinaryfluid.Thesteamfromthisisusedtopowertheturbines.Asintheflashsteamplant,thegeothermalwaterisrecycledbackintothereservoir.23.Paragraph1_A.DrysteamplantsC_24.Paragraph2_B.BinaryplantsA_25.Paragraph3_C.OriginofgeothermalenergyE_26.Paragraph4_D.GenerationofelectricityB

20、_E.FlashsteamplantsF.Recyclablewaterandsteam27.Ageothermalreservoirisformedwhenhotwateristrappedunder_B_.-5-28.Adry-steamreservoirproducessteamwith_D_.29.Flashplantsproducehotwaterthrough_C_.30.Inabinaryplant,theheatofthegeothermalwatercanbeconvertedinto_A_.AtheenergytoturnaturbineB.impermeablerockC

21、.oneortwoseparatorsD.turbineoperatorE.littleornowaterF.hotsprings第四部分：阅读理解（第3045题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇：CanYouHearThis?Whensomethingcreatesasoundwaveinaroomoranauditorium(礼堂)，listenershearthesoundwavedirectlyfromthesource.Theyalsohearthereflectionsasthesoundbouncesoffth

22、ewalls,floor,andceiling.Thesearecalledthereflectedwaveorreverberant(反射的)sound,whichcanbeheardevenafterthesoundisnolongercomingfromthesource.Thereverberationtimeofanauditoriumisdeterminedbythevolumeorinteriorsizeoftheauditorium.Itisalsodeterminedbyhowwellorhowpoorlythewalls,ceiling,floor,andcontentso

23、ftheroom(includingthepeople)absorbsound.Thereisnoidealreverberationtime.Thefull-soundperformanceofmusicsuchasWagneroperasorMahlersymphoniesshouldhavealongreverberationtime.Thelight,rapidmusicalpassagesofBachorMozartneedareverberationtimesomewherebetween.Acousticproblemsoftenarecausedbypoorauditorium

24、design.Smooth,curved(弯曲的)reflectingsurfacescreatelargereflections.Parallel(平行的)wallsreflectsoundbackandforth,creatingarapid,repetitivepulsing(有节奏的跳动)effect.Largepillars(柱)andcornerscancauseacousticshadowsasthesoundwavestrytopassaroundtheobject.Someoftheseproblemscanbesolvedbyusingabsorbersandreflect

25、orstochangethereverberationtimeofaroom.Forexample,hanginglargereflectors,calledclouds,overtheperformerswillallowsomesoundfrequenciestoreflectandotherstopassyoachieveapleasingmixtureofsound.-6-ThisPassageismainlyabout_.A.soundwavesandtheiracousticeffect.B.thetypesofmusicorchestrasplayC.wallsofanaudit

26、oriumD.thedesignofanauditoriumWagneroperasandMahlersymphoniessoundfullerinanauditoriumwith_.A.ashortreverberationtimeB.alongreverberationtimeC.anintermediatereverberationtimeD.noreverberationtimeThispassagesuggeststhatagoodauditoriumshould_.A.achieveapleasingmixtureofsoundB.getridofallreflectionsC.n

27、othaveabsorbers.D.havesmoothsurfacesLargepillarsandcornersmay_.A.makesoundrichandfullB.becuresforsoundproblemsC.besourcesofsoundproblemsD.functionaswellascloudsThewordacousticinthelastparagraphhassomethingtodowith_.A.performanceB.MusicC.soundD.noise第二篇：SportsStarYaoMingIfYaoMingisnotthebiggestsports

28、starintheworld,heisalmostcertainlythetallest.At2.26m,heisthetallestplayerintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)andholdstherecordasthemosttoweringOlympianevertocompeteintheGames.Butwhatreallystandsoutaboutthegiantcenterishiscelebrity(名气).Few,ifany,Chineseathletesareaswell-knownasYaoaroundtheworld.Pe

29、opleacrosstheglobearefascinatedwithYao,notonlyforhisbasketballprowess(杰出的才能)alsoforbeingasymbolofinternationalcommerce.-7-WhenYaojoinedtheHoustonRocketsastheNo.1pickinthe2002NBAdraft(选抜)，hewasthefirstinternationalplayerevertobeselectedfirst.HisassetsonthecourtareclearenoughnoNBAplayerofhissizehaseve

30、rpossessedhismobility,soheisahandful(难对付的人)foropponentsoneitherendofthecourt.ButwhatmakesYaoinvaluabletotheRocketsorganizationishisroleasaglobalcitizenandasabridgetomillionsofpotentialbasketballfansinChina.WhenitwasannouncedinFebruarythatYaowouldmisstherestoftheNBAseasonandpossiblytheOlympicswithast

31、ressfracture(骨折)inhisleftfoot,acollectiveshudder(震动)spreadacrossChina.Afterconsiderabledebateanddiscussion,Yaooptedtogethisfootsurgicallytreatedinanoperationthatplacedseveraltinyscrewsacrossthebone,toofferhisoverburdenedfootmoresupport.Thesurgerywasasuccess,andthoughtheestimatedfour-monthrecoveryper

32、iodwillleavehimlittletimetopreparewithTeamChina,YaohasvowedtobereadyfortheBeijingOlympics.Yaowrappedupa10-daytriptoChina,whereheunderwentaseriesoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)treatments,hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocessWesternexpertsaregenerallyskepticalofTCMsbenefitsalthoughnewresearchfromtheU

33、niversityofRochestersuggeststhatacertaincompoundderivedfromshellfishmayindeedstimulatebonerepair.ThereisnoreasontodismissTCM,YaotoldapressconferenceinBeijing.Itsbeenusedinourcountryforthousandsofyears.Idontthinkthatitsshortonscience.36.ThewordtoweringinParagraph1means_.largefattallgreatOpponentsfind

34、itverydifficulttocontrolYaoMingbecauseofhis_.A.mobilityB.assaultC.defenseD.celebrityYaoMinghadtoundergoaseriesofTCMtreatmentsbecause_.A.hisrightfoothadbeenhurting.B.hewantedtomakeamorerapidrecovery.C.thesurgicaloperationhadbeenafailure.D.hecouldntaffordallthemedicalexpenses.WhichstatementaboutYaoMin

35、gisNOTtrue?-8-A.HemissedtheAthensOlympics.B.HeisanNBAplayer.C.Hefracturedhisleftfoot.D.Heisaninternationalfigure.Ingeneral,theWesternexpertsattitudetowardsTCMis_.A.indifferentB.positiveC.negativeD.doubtful第三篇：SmartWindowWindowsnotonlyletlightintocutdownanelectricityuseforlighting，butthelightcomingth

36、roughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However，windowsarenotsomethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedge1technology.Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthatenableawindowtoquicklychangefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweenwithaflipofaswitch.Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis,saysCla

37、esGranqvist.Hersaprofessoofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden.Itscontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworldtofeelwell.So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantforimprovingthewaypeoplefeelwhentheyrestuckindoors.Yet，windowsaretheweaklinkinabuildingwhenitcomesto

38、energyandtemperaturecontrol.Inthewinter，coldairleaksin.Whenitshotand，sunsunlightystreamsin.Allofthissunlightcarrieslotsofheatandenergy.Andallofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturnontheirairconditioners.Producingblastsofcoldair，whichcanfeelsorefreshing(使人清新的)，actuallysuckupenormousamountsofelectricityinbu

39、ildingsaroundtheworld.Windowshavebeenamajorfocusofenergyresearchforalongtime.Overtheyears，scientistshavecomeupwithavarietyofstrategiesforcoating，glazing(用玻璃覆盖)，andlayeringwindowstomakethemmoreenergyefficient.Smartwindowsgoastepfurther.Theyusechromogenic(发色的)technologieswhichinvolvechangesofcolor.Ele

40、ctrochromic(电致色的)windowsuseelectricitytochangecolor.Forexample，asheetofglasscoatedwiththinlayersofchemicalcompoundsuchastungstenoxide(氧化钨)worksabitlikeabattery.-9-Tungstenoxideisclearwhenanelectricchargeisappliedanddarkwhenthechargeisremoved，thatis，whentheamountofvoltage(电压)isdecreased，thewindowdark

41、ensuntilitscompletelydarkafterallelectricityistakenaway.Soapplyingavoltagedetermineswhetherthewindowlooksclearordark.Oneimportantfeaturethatmakesasmartwindowsosmartisthatithasasortofmemory.Alltakesisasmalljoltofvoltagetoturnthewindowfromonestatetotheother.Then，itstaysthatway.Transitionstakeanywheref

42、rom10secondstoafewminutes，dependingonthesizeofthewindow.Thedevelopmentofsmartwindowscouldmeanthatmassiveairconditioningsystemsmaynolongerneed.Inthefuture,Granqvistsays,ourbuildingsmaylookdifferent.WhichofthefollowingofvaluesofwindowsisNOTmentioned?A.Theyletlightintobrightenthehouse.B.Theyletlightint

43、oheatthehouse.C.Theyletushavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworld.D.Theyletusthinkabouttheoutsideworld.42.TheexpressionwhenitcomestoinParagraph3isusedto_.A.signalthearrivalofaguestB.indicatetherecoveryofconsciousnessC.showourunderstandingofsomethingD.introduceanewaspectofatopicAccordingtoParagraph4,

44、smartwindowsarethewindowsthat_.A.arecoatedB.areglazedC.haveseverallayersD.canchangecolorWhichparagraphgivesanaccountofthewayelectrochromicwindowschanging?A.Paragraphs5B.Paragraph3.C.Paragraph4.D.Paragraphs6.Asmartwindowissmartmainlybecause_.A.itcanchangeitssizeB.itcanchangeitsstructureC.itcanchanget

45、hevoltageofelectricityD.ithasasortofmemory-10-第五部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。WhatIsaDream?Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however

46、,thinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutapersonsmindandemotions.Beforemodemtimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod._E_(46)TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud,wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.Inhisfamousbook,

47、TheinterpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreamsareanexpressionsofapersonswishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife.TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungwasonceastudentofFreuds.Jung,however,hadadifferentideaaboutdreams.Jungbelievedtha

48、tthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer._F_(47)Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.Modem-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Fore

49、xample,psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,believesthatdreamsaretightlylinkedtoapersonsdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior.C_(48)Dornhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbetweendreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamenta

50、lskillthatneedstimetodevelop.Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent._A_(49)Thisisnottrueofwomensdreams.Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferenceinthedreamsofpeoplefrom11culturesaroundtheworld,includingbothmodemandtraditionalones.-11-Candreamshelpusunder

51、standourselves?Psychologistscontinuetotrytoanswerthisquestionindifferentways._D_(50)Thedreammayhavemeaning,butitdoesnotmeanthatsometerribleeventwillactuallytakeplace.Itsimportanttorememberthattheworldofdreamsisnottherealworld.A.Forexample,thepeopleinmensdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolv

52、efighting.B.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.C.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.D.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldntpanic.E.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.F.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmore

53、aboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.第六部分：完形填空（第5165题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。WarmerClimateWillBakeTropicalBugsGlobalwarmingcouldcooktropicalinsects,withunpredictableknock-oneffects,sayresearcherswhowarnthatrisingtemperaturesalso_(51)tropicalfrogs,lizards(蜥蜴).Temperaturesare_

54、(52)toincreasemuchfasterintemperateandpolarregionsthaninthetropics.Butno-onehadlookedathowwarmingwouldaffectinsectsandothercold-bloodedanimals_(53)hadevolvedintropicalregionswithlittletemperaturevariation.CurtisDeutschattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesandcolleaguesanalyseddata_(54)insectsurviva

55、landreproductionfor38speciesindifferentecosystems,andthenestimatedhowthesevalueswould_(55)withpredictionsofclimatechangeforthe21stcentury.Theteamfoundthatthereproductive_(56)oftropicalinsectstendstopeakveryclosetothetemperatureswheretheynormallylive,but_(57)sharplyathighertemperatures.Thismeansthatcrankinguptheheatonlyasmallamountcanexertaheavytoll,