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1、?汤姆叔叔的小屋?中主要人物的浅析AbstratTheBibleinfluenesesternlifeandulturedeeply.rs.Ste(18111896)-theauthrfNvelUnleTsabinisalsinfluenedbyit.nthebasisfBible,theauthratteptstanalyzethebakgrundsftiesandthepurpsesshepsesit,andanalyzeseveralharaters,suhasUnleT,LittleEva,Elizaandsepiushristianthers.iththeanalysisfthese
2、persnsandtheparisniththeharatersinBibletrevealthehristianityinthisnvel.Atlast,theauthrexplresrs.Stesslutintinstitutinfslaveryandtheresults.Hever,inherties,hernnresistantpliyttppletheslaveryfailspletely.KeyrdsBible;hristianity;persnalharater摘要?圣经?对西方生活及文化的影响至深,?汤姆叔叔的小屋?的作者斯陀夫人也深受其影响。本文以?圣经?原形以及基督教义精神
3、为根底,先试图分析斯陀夫人所处的时代背景及她创作这部小说的意图,再分析小说中的几类人物形象,如汤姆叔叔、小伊娃、及几位忠诚的基督教徒母亲。通过对这些人物特点的分析,以及所表现的基督精神,提醒这部小说中强烈的宗教理念。关键词圣经;基督教;人物特点1Intrdutin1.1BakgrundGreekultureandHebreulturehavegreatinfluenenesternulture.InHebreulture,thereisabknaedBible,hihisaniprtantliterayrkintherld.Itisdividedinttparts:theldTestaenta
4、ndtheNeTestaent.ItinludestheessenefHebreulture.Duringtheeleventhentury,Hebrepeplebeeprsperusanddinatedalargearea.Atthesae,theyspreadthEirulture,shristianitybeesaperfulandinfluentialreliginduring.anyfausartistsandritersadaptedthestriesinBibletpsetheirtalrks.HarrietBeeherSte(1811-1896),anineteenthentu
5、ryAerianfealeriter,asalsinfluenedbythebk.Steasbrnintarespetablefailythatastbeefaus:herfatherLyanasalergyanhasfausfrsupprtingablitinis,andeverheldthepstfdiretrfLaneSeinary,ininnati,hi.HerhusbandalvinEllisSteasneftheleadingprfessrsintheseinary.Tfherbrthers,HenryardandEdard,ereelebratedpreahers.Andherl
6、dersisteratherine,sheisthepineerinenseduatin.Thefailyereallppsingtraisingslavesandtheyereallfausablitinists1ingfrafailyithgdhristiantraditin,sheasdeeplyinfluenedbyhristianityandbeaeapiushristian.Asherfailyereallppsingtraisingslaves,sheasinfluenedbytheandheldtheanti-slaverybelief.Shestdupfrthebelieft
7、hatslaveryshuldbeablished.rs.Stebelievedandlvedreliginandpaysattentinttheprblesfsietyandrality.Influenedbyhristianity,sheheldthebeliefthateahanisbrntbeequalandshuldenjyfreed,ssheasstrnglyagainstslavery,hihbetrayedtheideasinhristianity.Inhristianity,pepleareequalinsulandshuldenjyfreed2.Sheftentriedtd
8、sethingabuthangingthenditinsfslaves.Tlearnredetailsabutslavery,sheevenentttheSuthtseetheiserablenditinsfslavesithherneyes.Espeiallyhentheenatentfthe“FugitiveSlaveAt(Thatallednerstpursueandrevertheir“prpertyinfreestates)in1850.rs.Steasinfuriatedandinfluenedbytheinnuerableanti-slaveryeventsandpersns.3
9、Influenedbytheideainhristianitythatpepleareequalinsulandshuldenjyfreedandthebeliefthatslaveryshuldbeablished,shedeidedtpseanveltlashtheslavery.TheblendingfpiusbeliefinhristianityandablishingslaveryresultedinUnleTsabin.1.2ThesuaryfnvelTasaslavefr.ShelbyhasaslavehlderinKentuky,hesinerelybelievedinhris
10、tianity.ner.Shelbyasenuberedbydebt,hedeidedtsellTandantherfealeslaveandhersn.Kningthenes,ElizaandhersnranaayiediatelybutTuldstaytbesldtHaleyaslaver.Asaresult,heassldtNerleansbyHaley.nbardthebatbundfrNerleans,TsavedthelifefyungEva.St.lare,Evasfather,purhasedTithgratitude.InSt.lareshe,Tlivedahappylife
11、frtyears.Evaandhebeaegdfriends.ButafterEvaandherfathersdeath,Tsfateashangedagain.HeassentbyEvasthertanautinarkettsell.TasbughtbyaslavehldernaedLegree.Legreeasrueltslavesandadditedtalhl.Atlast,henTprtetedtfealeslavesfrbeingaptured,heasbeatentdeathviiuslybyLegree.henheasdying,hisfrerasterssnGergeShelb
12、ygttheplantatinandbughtTsbdyithhugeealth.Atthesaetie,ElizaandhersnetherhusbandGergeHarris,hdisguisedhiselfasaSpaniardandbrughtagunithhiself.Heshtaslavernhisaytanada.Atlast,heandhisfailygttgetherintheanada-afreeuntry.2.haraterAnalysisrs.Steprtraysseveralvividharatersithdistintiveteperaent.Angthe,ther
13、earethehiteandtheblak,thenblesandtheslaves,thekindandtheruel.Inherdesriptinfalltheseharaters,eanlearnthatrs.Steadvatesthatpepleareequalandisagainstraialdisriinatin.SepeplethinkthatthedarkskinfAfrianslavesexternallyrepresentsnegativequalitiessuhasevilrheathenis.Hever,rs.Stevieedslavesthatevkethesepre
14、suptinsatuallyntraststheirinternalstrengthandspirituality.Infat,blakenarebetterthansehiteslavehldershhaveintentinalpurpses.rs.Steherselfisdeeplyinfluenedbyhristianity;sheheldthebeliefthatpeplearebrntbeequalandshuldenjyfreed.StheainharaterssheprtrayedinUnleTsabinareallhristianstdifferentextent.Thispa
15、rtfthepaperdealsiththeanalysisfperfethristian,nn-perfethristianandhalf-hristianinUnleTsabin.Frtheanalysis,eangetabetterideanhhristianityisrefletedinthenvel.2.1TUnleTisanldslaveandtheprtagnistfthenvel.Histstprevalentqualitiesarehisinherentgdnessandpiety.HeisapiushristianandreseblesJesusinanyaspets.He
16、nsistentlyfrgivestherngsittedagainsthiandturnstGdintiefrisis.rs.SteisverysuessfulinprtrayingTasahristianfigure.LetspareTtJesusinBible.TsexperieneisquitesiilartthatfJesushrist.First,TandJesusareallsldbytheantheyarefailiarith.JesusisbetrayedbyhisdisipleJudas,hhasthegreedfrtheney;andTissldbyhisasterArt
17、hurShelby,halsneedsneytrepaydebtshenhesuffersthefinanialdiffiulties.Send,bthTandJesushavestrngfaithinGdandnevergiveupunderpressure.henJesusisnearhisdeath,thesldiersareallspeakingsarastiallyandryingthi,theyshuted,“Hail,kingftheJesus!4Andstrukhinthefae,hever,theGvernruldntarrestJesus,buthehasnhiebutth
18、aveJesusruified.henJesusknsheilldie,hedesntplainnlytprayttheGd.Tisinthesiilarsituatin,AtLegreesanr,Tisntillingtselluthisfriends,sheeetsthebrutaltreatent.HedsentgiveupandntinuespreahingtQibandSab.Hesaid,“IntthyhandsIendyspirit!Thuhastredeeede,hLrdGdftruth!5EvenifQibandSabbeatTalsttdeath,hestillfrgave
19、theandprayedfrthe.TprayerisanseredandhiskindheartednessvesLegreestverseers-QibandSabandtheyuldntantthurtTanyre,butLegreeillntbesatisfieduntilheseesTsdeath.AlthughTasbeatenalsttdeath,hedeterinedtsaynthing.henthunderedLegreestrukhifuriusly,Tansered,“Ikn,ast,butIanttellanything.Iandie!Hever,Legreeuldnt
20、understandhi.ThenTlkedupthisaster,andansered,“asr,ifyuassik,rintruble,rdying,andIuldsaveye,Idgiveyeyheartsbld;and,iftakingeverysul,Idgiveefreely,astheLrdgavehisfre.,asr!dntbringthisgreatsinnyursul!Itillhurtyurethantille!Dtherstyuan,ytrublesllbeversn;but,ifyedntrepent,yursntneverend!6Atlast,nehbeliev
21、esJesusisessiahandissavedattheveryentandspt.Third,TandJesusareallredeeedbythepersnhesteesthe.JsephfAriathaea,aseretapstlefhi,redeesJesus.HetkthebdyfJesusandrappedit,iththespies,instripsflinenlthardingtJeishburialusts.Tisresuedbyhisfrerasterssn-GergeShelby.HelvesTfrhisfaith,shevstfindThenheissld.Heve
22、r,henhefundT,Tasdyinganddiedsn.BearinggreatrespetandsadnessfrT,GergetkTsbdyaayanddeidedtburyitdeently.reiprtant,TsteperaentisquitethesaeasJesus.henJesusseespeplehsin,hepitiesthe,helpsthe,tellstheanduresthe.Hisheartanfrgiveanyne,anything.Hebringsthegspeltpeple.Tisbviuslyahristfigureithblakskin.Heisfu
23、llflvefrhisneighbrs,bththeblakandhite.Healsservesasahristianleaderfrthetherslaversinthenvel.InShelbyshuse,UnleTisasrtfpatriarhinreligiusattersintheneighbrhd.Having,naturally,anrganizatininhihtheraleisstrnglypredinant,tgetherithagreaterbreadthandultivatinfindthanhispanins,heislkedup,asasrtfinisterang
24、the;andthesiple,hearty,sinerestylefhisexhrtatinsighthaveedifiedevenbettereduatedpersns.Butitasinprayerthatheespeiallyexelled.InthelanguagefapiusldNegr,he“prayedrightup.hileheisatSt.lareshuse,heeetsthepitiful,ldslavePrue.Prueshuldspendallhertiestareheristressandshelvestheilk,butheristressrefusestbuyi
25、lkfrher,shernlyhildisstarvedtdeath.Beausefthat,shebeesdrunkandderanged.Tsypathizesithherveryuhfferstarryherbasketfrher,andsendtheGspelther.Heisalaysgivingthersthebeliefflife.Hesaysther,“,yeprritter!HadntnbdynevertelledyehtheLrdJesuslvedye,anddiedfrye?Hanttheytelledyethathellye,andyeangtheaven,andhav
26、erest,atlast?7Tlvesntnlyblakpeple,butalshitepeple.henhisfirstasterisgingtsellhi,hehasnplainnit.Afterhestaysatthesendastershe,heftenadvisesSt.larenttgttheseelebratingparties.InrdertletSt.larehavetherdsinind,Tevengesdnnhiskneesandpleadsithhinttattendthserevelries.HequtesasentenefrtheBible“itbitethlike
27、aserpentandstingethlikeanadder!8P1tpersuadeSt.lare.henheisnhisdeathbed,hesaystGergeShelby,“Yedntkn!PearslikeIlveseall!Ilveseveryreatur,everyhar!-itsnthingbutlve!,asrGerge!hatathingtistbeahristian!9P433And“h,-h,-hshallseparateusfrthelvefhrist?10P434Frtheabve,eannludethatT,likeJesus,istheebdientfGdand
28、lveinhristianity.LikeJesus,Tftenfrgivesthers,nattertheanhtreatshikindrruel.Tfrgiveshisfirstaster,hesays,“asralaysfundenthespt-healaysill.11P39henheisflggedbyLegree.Hesays,“Yepriserableritter!Thereantnreyeand!Ifrgiveye,ithallysul!12P428Jesusfrgivestheenhbetrayedhi,hethinkstheyareinnentpepleandasksthe
29、Gduldntsenddnalaitiestthe.ThughTissubissivethisaster,hehasthensiusnesstdefinetherightandrng.Iftheastertreatshikindly,heillpayrereipratinthisaster.Hisfirstasterrs.Shelbygiveshiallhisprpertytanage.HeneletsTtgtininnatialnetdbusinessfrhi.Thasthepprtunitytrunaay.Instead,heesbakntie.Hedesntanttbetrayhisas
30、ter,andhesays,“Ah,astertrustede,andIuldnt.13P2TssendasterSt.laregiveshineyithutlkingatit,beausehetrustsTveryuh.“Thadeveryfailityandteptatintdishnesty;andnthingbutanipregnablesipliityfnature,strengthenedbyhristianfaith,uldhavekepthifrit.But,tthatnature,theveryunbundedtrustrepsedinhiasbndandsealfrthes
31、tsrupulusauray.14P208EvenTsthirdasterLegreealsgiveshihisprpertytkeep.Hever,nehisasterdesthethinghethinksrng,heillditathisnill.LegreeasksTtbeattherslaves,butTdesntdit.Hesays,“Iillintrk,nightandday-and,asr,Inevershalldit,-never!15P369Hisrshipisntblindinthathenlybeyshathethinksright.FrlearningtreadtheB
32、ibleandritinglettersthiskids,Tisnsistentlytryingtiprvehiselfdespitetheliitsplaedupnhibyslavery.Frtheabveparagraph,eannludethat,Tislyalandsubissivethisasterandatthesaetiehehasagddistintinbeteenhatisrightandhatisrng.rs.StehasherintentintdepitTasahristfigure.Herstbviuspurpseistevkethehiteenhbelieveinhr
33、istianityinthenrth,tletthehavethepsitintsupprtantislaveryatinsandthpethetrealizetheeviltkeepslaverysysteinahristianuntry.Sheneedstpseaharaterfblakanhanbeaeptedbysthites16.SsheendrsesTaltfharaterssiilarthrist.Tistheanhanarusethesypathyfrthehite.eallthinkTisaanithgdqualitiesandiaulateharater.Heisaster
34、etypeithtypialAfrianfeaturesanddispsitinfthatrae,yetThasthepassiveharaterinhislife.Hisnn-resistantprinipleisntaeptedbythehitereaders,buthisuprightqualityisntseparatedfrhisfirbeliefandpersnalstrength.Inard,Tistherepresentativefakindfpersnratherthanasinglean.hateverhappens,hestiksthisbeliefinhristiani
35、tyandtriedthelpthersthangebypersuasin.rs.SteprtrayedsuhaharaterasTbeausesheherselfbelievesinhristianityandasgreatlyinfluenedbyhristianityandbelievesinthekindnessinhuanbeings.2.2LittleEvaThefive-yearld“LitterEvaisharaterizedasabeautiful,angelihild.Itisafealeharaterthatantbeignred.Evasnaeis“Evangeline
36、St.lare;“Evangelinesyblstheidealiagefanangel.InBible,angelissentbyGdthelpandsavethsehneeded.ThelittleEvaisfullflveandfriendlinesstthers.Shetriestdherbitthelpthers.Inthisay,sheisjustlikeanangelsentbyGd.Sehshealaystriestputherselfnequalityitheveryreaturethatesnearher.Tandherbeebestfriends,andtheyarebn
37、dedbythenlvetheyhavefrthsearundthe.neherfatherasksherhetheritisbettertliveinhergrandpa,VerntrthaveahusefullfservantHerreasnisthavesanyrerundyutlve.Shehsesthelatter.ThereasnsheasksherfathertbuyTisalstakeThappy.henTtellsthePrunesstrytEva,“Shedidntlai,rnder,reep,astherhildrenuldd.Herheeksgrepale,andade
38、ep,earnestshadpassedverhereyes.Shelaidbthhandsnherbs,andsighedheavily.17P222Evahasanypuzzlingprbles,suhashytheblakenuldbeslaves,hyTuldbeseparatedfrhisifeandhildren,hyPrueuldbedead,hyTpsyissdislikedbythers.Shehpesthatthepeplearundherareallhappy.Justashernae“Evangelinesuggests,sheisanevangelistteveryn
39、e.SheftenlistenstthestriesfrBibletldbyT.ShesharestheGspeliththeslavesinherfathersplantatinandhelpsthetlearnknledgeandgivesthehpe.Unfrtunately,shedesntlivealnglife.Tardsherdeath,shegiveseveryslaveservantinherhusealkffairgldenhairandaskstheslavestbegdhristians;shealshasherfatherprisedthatheuldletthefr
40、ee.rs.Steshstheideaftryingherbestthangethesietyfrthebetterandsavepepleithhristianspiritandatins.ShehpestspreadtheuniversallveinhristianitybyEva.18ThughEvadiesatayungage,herdeathisntsad.Thereasnisthatfrrs.Ste,hbelievesinhristianityfrherhildhd,deathisabetterrefletinfheris.Andfrher,deathstandsfrvitryra
41、therthanfailure.ThedeathfEvaisthesaefJesusdeath.rs.StehpestsavesulsftheevilbyEvasdeath.EvasdeathhangedTpsy.eanlearnfrthenvelthatTpsyisriginallyneithutlvefrhistherandrefusestdasheistld.ItisEvathathangedhifrthebetter.eanseethisfrthefllingdialguebeteenEvaandTpsy.“Tpsy.isspheliauldlveyu,ifyueregd.Tpsyga
42、vetheshrt,bluntlaughthatasherndefexpressinginredulity.“Dntyuthinks?saidEva.“N;sheantbare,auseIanigger!shedsnhaveatadtuhher!Thereantnbdylveniggers,andniggersandnthin!Idntare,saidTpsy,beginningthiltle.“,Tpsy,prhild,Ilveyu!saidEva,ithasuddenburstffeeling,andlayingherlittlethin,hitehandnTpsysshulder;“Il
43、veyu,beauseyuhaventhadanyfather,rther,rfriends;beauseyuvebeenapr,abusedhild!IlveyuandIantyutbegd.Iaveryunell,Tpsy,andIthinkIshantliveagreathile;anditreallygrievese,thaveyubesnaughty.Iishyuuldtrytbegd,frysake;itsnlyalittlehileIshallbeithyu.Therund,keeneyesftheblakhildereverastithtears;large,brightdrp
44、srlledheavilydn,nebyne,andfellnthelittlehitehand.Yes,inthatent,arayfrealbelief,arayfheavenlylve,hadpenetratedthedarknessfherheathensul!Shelaidherheaddnbeteenherknees,andeptandsbbed,hilethebeautifulhild,bendingverher,lkedlikethepiturefsebrightangelstpingtrelaiasinner.19P289ItisEvasrdsthatakesTpsyakes
45、uphisindtserveasaissinaryinAfriaherehispeplelive.pheliaalsthinkshighlyfEvasuniversallve.eanlearnthisfrhatshesaid:“ell,shesslving!Afterall,thugh,shesnrethanhrist-like,saidissphelia;“IishIerelikeher.Sheightteahealessn.20P294ThedesriptinflittleEvainthenvelissiilarttheseven-yearldblndlittlegirldesribedi
46、nthepreahinEnglandandIrelandgivenbylergyanDightLyandy.ThepreahnaedLittlehildAngeldesribesaseven-yearldblndgirl,histhesurefhappiness.Herfatherisprudfher.Sheesupinherfathersdreaafterherdeath.Sheadnishesandsavesherfatherintheheaven.Thestrytellsusthatahildansavethersbydevtingherlife.Shegetsspiritualpert
47、hatsheantgetfrpepleshelves.ThespiritualpershegetsafterdeathandthehlyandpurebrntherakesEvaanangelthatsavestherld.Thesubjetnangelhsavestherldisaainsubjetinthereligiusulturefthenineteenthentury.Beauseftheintenselyreligiusnsiusness,rs.SteendslitterEvaheavyreliginissinasanangel.Tseextent,theharaterfEvals
48、esabitfauthentiity.Asaatterffat,rs.Steantstallnpepletdasrrethanthehilddes.2.3Idealthers-rs.Shelby,St.laresther,LegreestherariainBiblegivesusanipressinfagreattherhisfullflve.ShesupprtsandunderstandsJesushateverhappens.Sheisalstlerantfallherhildren.AlthughherhildrenbesidesJesusadeanyistakes,shestillfr
49、givestheandbelievesthe.Inherpinin,thersannevergiveupthEirhildren.rs.Stetakeshernvelasakindf“tltrealizearldthatispsedbyhristianuniversallve,butnttherights.TheUtpianisinherindshsatendeny:therealizatinfhristianuniversallveshuldgthrughthedailylife,thesarifiialprinipleliesinaternallve.rs.Steherselfisthet
50、herfsixhildren.hensheherishesherhildren,shethinksftheslaveshildhassldtanunknnplae,shefeelspainful,sshepsesanypiushristiantherinthisnvel,suhasrs.Shelby,St.larestherandLegreesther.Thesethershavethenerits-theyareallkind,ral,saintlyandsn.Theyarealltheidealthesrfhildren.2.3.1rs.Shelbyr.Shelbysifeisadeepl
51、ydevtedanhstrivestgiveakindandralinflueneupnherslaves.“Shehavetried-triedstfaithfully,asahristiananshuldtdydutytthesepr,siple,dependentreatures.Ihavearedfrthe,instrutedthe,athedverthe,andknnalltheirlittlearesandjys,fryears.21P34Sheappallshenherhusbandnegtiatessellinghisslavesithaslavetraderandrealiz
52、esthatslaveryisrngandveryunhristian.henshefindsthingsanntturnfrthebetter,shefeelssrryfrtheslavesthatuldbesldandindignantiththeslaver.2.3.2St.larestherSheisalftyandpuretherandnaesSt.laresnaeashernaethpehersnuldbethesaeharaterfhers.Thughherhusbandlvesandpapersher,yethedesntapprvefherpartiipatinginthea
53、ttersfslaves.Sheisagainstslaverybeauseshethinksthateareallenbrnfen,andntsavagebeasts,butshedesntbjetanyrdfherhusbandrexpressesanydifferentadvienherappearane.eanfindthisfrSt.laresrealling,“Sheneverntradited,infr,anythingthatyfathersaid,rseeeddiretlytdifferfrhi;butsheipressed,burntintyverysul,ithallth
54、efrefherdeep,earnestnature,anideafthedignityandrthftheeanesthuansul.Ihavelkedinherfaeithslenae,hensheuldpintuptthestarsintheevening,andsayte,“Seethere,Auguste!Theprest,eanestsulnurplaeillbeliving,henallthesestarsaregnefrever,illliveaslngasGdlives!22P232HerrdsgreatlyinflueneSt.laresattitudetslavery.S
55、hedesntantteintnflitithherhusband,andsheantstfightagainstslaveryinapeaefulay.Thisisalstheayrs.Steadvatesinliberatingslavesandablishingslavery.Shestrikespeplebyherrdialandsinereharater.ShealsinstillsintSt.larethateveryan,natterhitesrBlaks,allhavethespiritStlarerealledthat,“Thereasarbidsensitivenessan
56、dautenessffeelinginenallpssiblesubjets,fhihhe(ybrther)andyfatherhadnkindfunderstanding,andithhihtheyuldhavenpssiblesypathy.Buttherdid;ands,henIhadquarreledithAlfred,andfatherlkedsternlyne,Iusedtgfftthersr,andsitbyher,Ireeberjusthsheusedtlk,ithherpaleheeks,herdeep,sft,seriuseyes,herhitedress,shealays
57、rehite;andIusedtthinkfherheneverIreadinRevlutinsabutthesaintsthaterearrayedinfinelinen,leanandhite.23P232FrSt.laresrealling,eanlearnthatSt.larestherisfullflvefrherhildrenandreseblesariainunderstandingherhildren.ThereisapartfSt.laresrealling,“Shehadsefineldpaintings;ne,inpartiular,fJesushealingablind
58、an.Theyereveryfine,andusedtipressestrngly.Seethere,Auguste,sheuldsay;theblindanasabeggar,prandlathse;therefre,heuldnthealhiafarff!Healledhithi,andputhishandnhi!Reeberthis,yby.24P234Frthis,eanseehertrustinJesusandeduateshishildreniththispainting.Suhbehavirshsthatsheisahristian.2.3.3LegreestherSheisal
59、sapius,gentlehristianther.ShehldsLegreeinherars,singingthehynpiuslyandreverently.Hever,hersndesntgrasshehpes.Herhardrkingnurtureanntexterinatehersnsviiusnature.Likehisfather,Legreedespisesallherthersexhrtatinsandbeesvilentandpereptry.Herheartisbrkenhen“nenight,henhisther,inthelastagnyfherdespair,kne
60、ltashisfeet,hespurnedherfrhi,-threhersenselessntheflr,and,ithbrutalurses,fledthisship.25P385ThenextLegreeheardfhistheras,hen,nenight,asheasarusingangdrunkenpanins,aletterasputinthishand.Hepenedit,andalkflng,urlinghairfellfrit,andtinedabuthisfingers.Thelettertldhihistherasdead,andthat,dying,sheblesta
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