英语写作的技巧课件

1、Write an essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I ve done it hundreds of time.作文评分原则1.CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。2.CET作文题采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores）,而

2、不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体，作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。4.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括0分，一名阅卷人员在所阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。This is your main problem.作文评分标准1. 本题满分为15分。2.阅卷标准共分五等: 2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷一至二份。3. 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对

3、照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分），若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，即可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分），但不得加或减半分。4. 评分标准：2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。字数不足应酌情扣分漂漂亮亮清清楚楚马马虎虎糊里糊涂一塌糊涂The pr

4、inciple to scoreGlobal Scoring(总体评分)Relevance(切题) expression(表达) grammar(语法) fluency(连贯) word count (字数120-150)避免趋中倾向写作常见错误一、语法错误句子结构：主从句重叠，简单句重叠，从句重叠，句子成分缺失，语序错误，时态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，冠词二、用词错误三、表达习惯错误四、标点符号及大小写错误五、乱套范句Problems词汇匮乏，表达单一，词不达意，啰嗦语法基础差，文章通篇充斥低级小错知识面窄，思路不开阔，无话可说中式英语充斥文中With the rapid developmen

5、t of advanced smokingThere are so many people think thatSuccess succeed词性不分，succeed后面接宾语Success is the mother of failure.I am not the first time to hear thatThe key of successWe are the flowers of our country.Chinese balu go changzheng. There were not water and not food.There is nobody can succeed w

6、ithout hard work.The earth absorbedArouse peoples ability under the coverEverybody think I m very handsome, because I never smoking.Give me a fire, I can fire the world.Eat my promiseBeat audiences heartWithout a will, be the same as a pig, sleeping and eating all the wayWhen I read the middle schoo

7、l3 minutes warm heartIf you do something with strong will, almost everything you can make it.第一句“Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I ve done it hundreds of time.” 第二句“many people longs for success, composed of challenges and oppornuties. But how can we succeed in doing these things

8、. ”写作技巧：词汇替换认为：assume / argue / hold / claim / suggest / declare / say / believe / insist/ maintain /suppose that in my opinion/in my view/in my point of view/as far as I know/as far as Im concerned/ as for me重要的：important/significant/be of great value/be of great significance/be of great use很多：many

9、, a multitude of, an army of, an ocean of , A great / large / huge / considerable / significant / noticeable number / amount/ quantity / portion of越来越多 more and more/ a growing number of /an increasing number of/on the rise大多的：the (vast / overwhelming) majority of 人：people-folks, individuals, charac

10、ters支持/反对者：followers/ objectors, be in favor of the idea thatProtect/preserve/conserveOur mission is to save, preserve and protect the rainforest, wildness, wild lands and endangered species.Aim to protect species by conserving natural habitatsProtect wild birds, conserve water and preserve the envi

11、ronmentEnhance/improve/promote/strengthenImprove opportunities for mobility of disabled personsPromote public understanding of our cultural heritageImprove/enhance/promote wildlife habitats Enhance/strengthen mutual understandingDisappear/vanish/die out/go extinctThe vanishing rate is scarcely belie

12、vable. Well over 200 British insect species have become extinct in the past 50 years, while some counties are seeing a species of wildflower disappear nearly every year.Vulnerable animals will go extinct as their habitats disappear.If the forest vanish, what will be left to sustain wild animals that

13、 are on the verge of extinction. The answer is clearthey will surely die out.Pollute/contaminateLand may be contaminated as a result of a neighboring contaminative use or pollution incidents.Agricultural areas have the potential to pollute water in many ways. Both groundwater and surface water can b

14、e contaminated with pollutants such as pesticides and fertilizers.Chemical contamination is widespread. One study says 7-20% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces.写作技巧：词性变化Promote cross-cultural exchanges Promotion of international cultural exchangesWhy does i

15、t matter if a lone unidentified species should go extinct? After all, extinctions have occurred in human history.Agricultural can pollute land with pesticides and fertilizers. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there.写作技巧：词性变化High crime rate/soaring crime rate/increasing crime

16、 rateSoaring crime rates could jeopardize democracy in a country.Effective measures are taken to curb the soaring violent crime rates.Increasing crime rates inevitably follow urbanization.A large gap-a widening gapGreat difference-striking differenceA difficult task-a challenging taskDelicious food-

17、an inviting foodA good job-a fulfilling careerA good marriage-a satisfying marriageA beneficial experience-a rewarding experience写作技巧：副词修饰语Environmentally friendly energy sourceFinancially independentFinancially challengedMake sure that you are psychologically healthyDramatically rapid developmentFi

18、nancially feasibleIncrease sharply写作技巧：乌鸦变凤凰Some people say hamburgers make us fat but it is not sure. There is little evidence that hamburgers make us fat.A lot of steps have been taken to help old people but we think it is not enough. Despite the fact that a lot of steps have been taken to help ol

19、d people, we still think that it is far from enough.Smoking is bad for health. Ample evidence shows that smoking impairs peoples health.More and more students are unable to find a job. It is reported that a growing number of students find it difficult to secure a decent job.Ten citizens in Guangzhou

20、 died of rabies last year. Official figures indicate that ten citizens in Guangzhou died of rabies last year.I dont think that the cloning technology will lead to the extinction of man. I am unconvinced that the cloning technology will result in the extinction of mankind.并列句和复合句往往可以浓缩成复杂的简单句，使语言更为紧凑

21、、多样。1. 表示时间、让步或条件的状语从句往往可以改写为介词词组作状语。Although he was ill, he was determined to carry out his plan. Despite/In spite of his illness, he was determined to carry out his plan Even if there were air and water, plants still couldnt grow on the moon.Even with air and water, plants still couldnt grow on th

22、e moon. 写作技巧：复杂的简单句2. 起伴随或补充说明作用的从句、简单句或并列谓语往往可以改写为“with +名词+分词/形容词/介词词组”的结构作状语。As all his savings were gone, he started to look for a job.With all his savings gone, he started to look for a job. As the pace of change is quickening, more and more scientists find it hard to keep up with the latest de

23、velopments even in their own disciplines.With the pace of change quickening, more and more scientists find it hard to keep up with the latest developments even in their own disciplines. 3. 还有另外一些从句或简单句也可以改写为介词词组作状语。Dr. Wilson did not go to New York yesterday to attend his daughters wedding. He flew

24、to Florida for an emergency case. Instead of going to New York yesterday to attend his daughters wedding, Dr. Wilson flew to Florida for an emergency case. 4. 系表结构的定语从句往往可以改写为直接用形容词、介词词组或分词结构作定语At the party, I got to know a professor who is in his thirties. At the party, I got to know a professor in

25、 his thirties. The substance, which was discovered almost by accident, has revolutionized medicine.The substance discovered almost by accident has revolutionized medicine. 5. 两个句子的主语一致时，其中一个往往可以改写成分词结构作状语。Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such cir

26、cumstances, they resort to smoking.Pressured by school work and encouraged by their peers, teenagers resort to smoking. College students now are primarily interested in grades and economic success. They cheat on exams more frequently.Primarily interested in grades and economic success, college stude

27、nts now cheat on exams more frequently.6. 两个句子的主语相关但不一致时，其中一个句子往往可以改写成分词的独立结构作状语。Jim continued on his way. The dog was jumping about in front of him. Jim continued on his way, the dog jumping about in front of him. 7. 解释性的语句往往可以改写成同位语。Qinghai Lake is the largest inland body of salt water in China. I

28、t lies 3195 meters above sea level. Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3195 meters above sea level The whole plan was completed within three months. That is half the usual time. The whole plan was completed within three months, half the usual time. 写作技巧：万能框架 I(1). 观点型

29、作文框架(2). 图表类作文框架(3). 表述现象类作文框架(4). 书信、演说词、海报、倡议书、景点介绍等应用文类作文框架 观点型作文框架第一段一般只写三句 第一句：It is widely believed that / By many people for some time that . 第二句：One reason they think is that. 第三句：The other reason they hold is that. 第二段一般只写三句 第一句：While others argue that . 第二句：They maintain that. 第三句：They als

30、o claim that. 第三段写四句 第一句：In my opinion, . 第二句：On one hand, . 第三句：On the other hand, . 第四句：Only in this way can we . 表述现象解决问题类作文框架第一段只写两句 第一句：In recent years, there has been 第二句：In order to solve this problem, it is essential for us to discuss the causes of it. 第二段只写四句 第一句：What has caused this proble

31、m? It seems to me that there are reasons. 第二句：Firstly, 第三句：Secondly, 第四句：Finally, 第三段只写四句 第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people. 第二句：For one thing, 第三句：For another, 第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem. 图表类作文框架第一段只写三句 第一句：As is shown in the graph

32、 above, we can see clearly that great changes have taken place in fromto 第二句：The first years saw 第三句：The last years witnessed 第二段只写四句 第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are reasons. 第二句：Firstly, 第三句：Secondly, 第四句：Finally, 第三段只写四句 第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot

33、 issue among many people. 第二句：For one thing, 第三句：For another, 第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem. 万能框架IIAdvantage and disadvantage Different views Hot issue1 Advantage and disadvantage Nowadays many people prefer (_)because it plays a significant role in our daily life. Gener

34、ally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows. On one hand,(_).One the other hand,(_). But every sword has two blades. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the prominent disadvantages is that (_).To make matters worse,(_). Through the above analysis, I believe that The Positive aspe

35、cts far outweighs its negative aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain,(_) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses which is put on it that determines its value to our society. 2 Different views I There is no consensus among people as to the view of (_).The opinions vary from pe

36、rson to person. Some people hold the idea that (_).A case in point is that (_). On the other hand, other may have a quite different view. According to them,(_).The most typical example is that (_). Weighing the pros and cons 衡量正反两方of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Admittedl

37、y, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extend, but (_) is more convincing.2 Different views II When asked about (_),some people hold the idea that (_).As far as they are concerned, (_).But I could not agree with them in several points. In my opinion, (_).The reason for my cho

38、ice are listed as follows. First of all, (_).In addition, (_).Last but not the least,(_). For the reasons mentioned above,I firmly believe (_).3 Hot issue With the development of the society, we have to face a problem that (_). What are the reasons for it? To start with,(_).Moreover,(_).Furthermore,

39、(_). In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken. For one thing, it is high time that people all over China realized the importance of (_);for another,t he government should issue laws and regulations to put the situation under control.写作技巧：必备句型1、 the most + 形容词 + 名

40、词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。2、Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V 例句： Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 3、 cannot emphasize the imp

41、ortance of too much.（再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。） 例句： We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 4、There is no denying that + S + V 不可否认的例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone worse and worse。 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 5、It is universally acknow

42、ledged that + 句子 （全世界都知道.）例句： It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 6、There is no doubt that + 句子 （毫无疑问的.） 例句： There is no doubt that educational system leaves nothing to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 7、An advantage of is that + 句子 （.的优点是.） 例句： An adv

43、antage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 8、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 （.的原因是.） 例句： The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 9、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此.以致于.） 例句：

44、So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。 10、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V （虽然.） 例句： Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 11、The+er+S+V,the+er+S+V（愈.愈.）

45、例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake.你愈努力，进步越大。12、By+Ving,can（借着.，.能够.） 例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。 13、enable+Object（受词）+to+V.使.能够.例句：Listeningtomusicenableustofeelrelaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 14、Onnoaccountcanwe+V我们绝对不能例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge.我们绝

46、对不能忽略知识的价值。 15、Itistime+S+过去式（该是.的时候了）例句：Itistimetheauthoritiestook properstepstosolve thetrafficproblems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 16、Thosewho（.的人.）例句：Thosewhoviolatetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。 17、Thereisnoonebut（没有人不.）例句：Thereisnoonebutlongstoget a job with high salary.没有人不渴望

47、得到一份高薪的工作。 18、be+forced/compelled+to+V 不得不例句：Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledtogiveupdoingsports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。 19、 Itisobvious/ apparentthat+句子 明显的例句：Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysan importantroleinourlife.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 20、Thatisthereasonwhy（那就是.的原因）例句：Summerisho

48、t.Thatisthereason why Idontlikeit.夏天很热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 21、Forthepast+时间，S+现在完成式.（过去.年来，.一直.）例句：Forthepast years,Ihavebeen preparingfortheexamination.过去这些年来，我一直忙着准备考试。 22、Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式。例句：Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool,he hasworkedveryhard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。 23、Itpaysto+V（.是值得的）例句：Itpaystohelpothers.帮助

49、别人是值得的。 24、bebasedon（以.为基础）例句：Theprogressoftheesocietyisbasedon harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 25、Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的）例句：Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。 26、bringhometo+人+事 让.明白.事例句：Weshouldbringhometopeoplethevalue ofworkinghard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。 27、becloselyrelatedto（与.息息相

50、关）例句：Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth.做运动与健康息息相关。 28、Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving,（因为.）例句：Thankstohisencouragement,Ifinallyrealizedmydream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。 29、Leavemuchtobedesired令人不满意 例句：Theconditionofourtrafficleavesmuch tobedesired.我们的交通状况令人不满意。30、Haveagreatinfluenceon（对.有很大的影响）例句：Smoking

51、hasagreatinfluenceonourhealth.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。 31、dogoodto（对.有益），doharmto（对.有害）例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind.读书对心灵有益。32、Poseagreatthreatto（对.造成一大威胁）例句：Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence.污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。 33、doonesutmostto+V=doonesbest（尽全力去.）例句：Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人

52、生目标。写作技巧：必备词组 产生深远影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on 较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of ones life 剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity 取代旧的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way采取有效措施：take effective steps/measures to控制我

53、们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon对很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new pe

54、rspective on. provide/gain an insight into把某因素考虑进去：take sth. Into account(consideration), give much thought to品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth培养对的信心：develop/foster ones interest/confidence in经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience表现出自信心等：project ones confidence/feelin

55、g/image生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice追求学习/职业：pursue ones academic interest/professional career学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill被看作学习的榜样：be held up as a good example1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 2.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。3.Easier said than d

56、one. 说来容易做来难。4.Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者事竟成。5.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。写作技巧：proverbs6.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。7.More hasty, less speed. 欲速则不达。8.Its never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。9.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single

57、 step.千里之行始于足下。10.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。11.Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。12.It is hard to please all. 众口难调。13.Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。14.First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。15.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 16. Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。17.Actions speak

58、 louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。18.Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。19.As the tree, so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。20.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情写作技巧：常用过渡词语1、列举First, second, third (the most important)Firstly, secondly, thirdly (finally)2、举例说明For example (in instance)Takefor exampleSuch as (

59、namely)3、强调Especially (obviously/surely/undoubtedly)In fact, as a matter of fact4、比较Similarly, likewise 同样，也5、对照However (but)On the contrary (by contrast)On the other hand conversely6、并列that is 即，也就是说In other words 换言之7、增加（补充）In addition (besides)Moreover 此外Furthermore (what is more) 还有8、原因、结果Theref

60、ore (so) 因此As a result (consequently) 结果Because of this Thus consequently9、结尾（总结）In conclusionIn briefIn my opinion (to my mind)Broaden Ideas & Accumulate materialsFor example: Free Admission to Museums好处：开阔个人视野，增长知识，激发个人兴趣，对各种文化增进了解和认识(widen ones horizon, enrich ones knowledge, stimulate/motivate o