Unit 2 Natural disasters Section B Grammar and Usage教案 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册（2022年）

1、Unit 2 Natural DisastersGrammar and Usage教学设计科目：英语 课题：Grammar and Usage 课时：1课时教学目标与核心素养：知识目标：在语境中学习和理解不定式作定语和结果状语的用法。能力目标：培养学生语言运用的能力。情感目标：获取更多的语境信息，加深对主题意义的理解。教学重难点教学重点：不定式作定语和结果状语的功能及具体用法。教学难点：在日常生活中能够灵活运用不定式作定语和结果状语。课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔教学过程：一、Pre-reading1. Greeting2. Leading-in教师活动：让学生阅读活动A，回答下列问题：（1）H

2、ow did Mr Li know that the hurricane was coming?From the local news on TV.（2）What made Mr Li frightened during the hurricane?The power failure.教师活动：让学生完成A部分表格。To-infinitives as attributivesTo-infinitives as adverbials of resultI was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities to be hit.The ro

3、ads were blocked, so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside.I had enough food and water to last a whole week!That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water

4、 everywhere!规律总结：When the to-infinitive is used as an attributive, it is often put_ (before/after) the noun or pronoun it modifies.When the to-infinitive is used as an adverbial of result, it can refer to an _ (expected/unexpected) result. In this case, we often use only before the to-infinitive.答案：

5、after; unexpectedWhile-class教师活动：介绍不定式作定语和结果状语的规则和用法。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保留动词的某些特点，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语和状语。动词不定式作定语1.动词不定式作定语，只能位于所修饰词的后面，可扩展为一个定语从句。We are looking for an apartment to live in. = We are looking for an apartment that we can live in. 我们正在找一个可以居住的公寓。2.动词不定式作定语的用法（1）动词不定式作定语可

6、表示还未发生的动作。All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms. 明天将要出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服。The Winter Olympics to be held in 2022 will surely attract many international tourists.2022年要举行的冬奥会肯定会吸引许多国际游客。（2）中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或only/the last/the next等，或被这些词修饰，后常用动词不定式作定语。The next trai

7、n to arrive was from New York. 下一趟抵达的火车是从纽约开来的。You are the only person to be late for such an important meeting. 在这么重要的会议上，你是唯一迟到的人。It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job. 人们公认他是做这项工作的最佳人选。The manager was the last to come to the meeting. 经理是最后一个到达会场的人。（3）抽象名词ability，chance，opportunit

8、y，belief，way，right（权利），courage，decision，hope，wish，dream等后常用动词不定式作定语。Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge. 多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a good chance to see your friends again.开始一个新学期总是很令人兴奋，这是一个再次见到你朋友们的好机会。His abi

9、lity to get on well with people is his chief advantage. 他与人和睦相处的能力是他的主要优点。（4）something，nothing，anything 等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗？（5）在there be句型中，作主语的名词或代词后可接动词不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或被动式均可，但一般情况下用主动形式表被动意义。There is nothing to worry/be worried about. 没什么可担心的。注意：在there be句型中，如果动词不

10、定式有逻辑主语，则动词不定式只能用主动形式。There is nothing for me to do today. 今天我没有什么事可做。3.构成动词不定式的动词与被修饰词之间的关系（1）主谓关系构成动词不定式的动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，指的是被修饰词是构成动词不定式的动词的逻辑主语。此时的动词不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。We need someone to help with the work. =We need someone that can help with the work. 我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。In our school she is the onl

11、y student to attend the important meeting. =In our school she is the only student that is to attend the important meeting. 她是我们学校唯一一名将要去参加这次重要会议的学生。（2）动宾关系当构成动词不定式的动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系时 不定式既可用主动形式，也可用被动形式；当作后置定语的动词不定式中的动词与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且与句子的主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，动词不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义；如果构成动词不定式的动词与句子的主语之间没有逻辑上的

12、主谓关系，则不能用主动形式。试比较：Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？（动词不定式to send所表示动作的执行者是“你”）Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么东西要（我或别人）寄吗？（动词不定式to be sent所表示动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”）She has a meeting to attend today. 今天她有一个会议要参加。（attend 与a meeting之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，与主语She之间为逻辑上的主谓关系）Do you have any homework to do? 你有作业

13、要做吗？（do与homework之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，与主语you之间为逻辑上的主谓关系）The secretary asked, Sir, do you have any documents to be printed? 秘书问道：“先生，您有文件要打印吗？”（print与documents之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，但与主语you之间无逻辑上的主谓关系）注意：1.如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词或虽然是及物动词但不能与被修饰词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，则动词后面必须加上相应的介词。We dont have enough paper to write on. 我们没有足够的纸来写字。2.如果

14、动词不定式修饰的名词是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上会省略。He has no place to live because his house has been burnt to the ground. 他没有地方住，因为他的房子已经被彻底焚毁了。动词不定式作结果状语1.动词不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些特定的结构中：too . . .to do . . . 太而不能做so/such . . .as to do. . . 如此以至于做She is so self-confident as to never feel nervous when giving a speech

15、. 她如此自信以至于演讲时从不感觉紧张。2.动词不定式作结果状语时往往含有“令人意想不到”的意思，其中“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。动词不定式之前有时可以加上only或but only，以加强语气。Yesterday I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before. 昨天我去看她，不料听人说她一周前出国了。The traveler looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree. 那个旅人猛然抬头一看，发现树上有一只豹。He left his home

16、town when he was ten, never to return. 他十岁的时候离开故乡，再也没有回来。现在分词（短语）作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果，即句子谓语和结果状语之间有直接的因果关系。Jack has made great progress, making his parents very happy. 杰克取得了巨大的进步，这让他的父母很高兴。教师活动：让学生完成P21 B1.参考答案：1. e 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. a让学生完成第21页B2，用动词不定式填写表格，然后回答下列问题：参考答案：1. to find books about hurricanes

17、2. to find he was not in his office3. to attend4. to make PPT slides for my project表格：To-infinitives as attributivesTo-infinitives as adverbials of resultTo-infinitive as adverbial of purposeThis afternoon, I went to the school library to find books about hurricanes.参考答案：To-infinitives as attributiv

18、esTo-infinitives as adverbials of resultTo-infinitive as adverbial of purposeOur interview ended at 3: 50 p.m. because Mr Li had a staff meeting to attend.At 3 p.m., I arrived at Mr Lis office, only to find he was not in his office.This afternoon, I went to the school library to find books about hurricanes.I went to the school computer room to make PPT slides for my project.（1）Did Anna find Mr Li in his