小专题训练语法系列-1名词

1、名词词义辨析的技巧名词词义辨析不仅在高考单项填空中占有一席之地，而且是完形填空热点之一。那么如何才 能快速、准确地做好名词词义辨析题呢？口诀：一看词义，二看搭配，三看惯用法。分析：从形式上看，四个选项都是名词，甚至形式也一致，如都是单数或都是复数。第一步, 先结合语境从汉语意思上进行区分。如果不能确定答案，应进一步从搭配和惯用法上进行区 分。彳列 1. After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.accommodationB. oc

2、cupationC.equipmentD. furniture【分析】先看句意：地震后当地政府做的第一件事情是为无家可归的家庭提供 O其次看选项含义：accommodation住处，膳宿住处；膳宿；occupation职业；equipment设 备；furniture家具。那么结合语境为无家可归的家庭提供“住处”最合适，因此此题最正确 答案是A。James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.arearoomfieldPosition【分析】先看句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿走以便给电视机 O四个

3、选项都有“地方”之意，但是make room for是固定搭配，表示“给腾地方”，因此此题最正确答案是 Bo例3. I am sure David will be able to find the library一he has a pretty good of direction.ideafeelingexperiencesense【分析】先看句意：我相信大卫会找到图书馆，他有很好的方向 o a good sense of是固定用法,表示“有感，如 a sense of humor/ achievement/ duty/satisfaction幽默感/成就感/责任感/满足感。因此尽管四个选项都

4、有“感觉”之意，但此题最正确答案是 Do小题精练We already have pencils, but we still need two pens.A. dozen of; dozenB.dozens of; dozensdozens of;dozendozens of; dozen ofHe gained his by printing of famous writers.wealth; workwealths; worksC.wealths; workD. wealth;worksHe is a skillful worker. I am sure he has enough to f

5、ix all theA. experience; equipmentB.experiences; equipmentsC. experience; equipments0.experiences; equipmentAll the in the hospital got a rise last month.women doctorswomen doctorwomandoctorsD.woman doctorHe dropped the and broke it.cup of coffeecoffees cupcup for coffeecoffee cupThe shoes were cove

6、red with mud, so I asked them to takethem offbefore they got intocar.girls; Tomsgirls; TomsC.girls; TomsD. girls; Toms7. Who did you spend last weekend with?PalmersThe Palmers7The PalmersThe Palmers-May I take your order now?-Wed like three black and two green .coffee; cups of teascoffees; teascups

7、of coffee; teacup of coffees; teas-You are always full of . Can you tell me the secret?-Taking plenty of exercise every day.A. powerB.strengthC. force 0.energyFortunately, rescuers were able to gain to the disaster-hit area soon enoughaccesstrackC.meansD. passageThe doctor is skilled at treating hea

8、rt trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good.expectationreputationC.contributionD. civilizationHiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for building.respectB.friendshipreputationcharacterYour work experience is a bigin the job market but

9、 your poor eyesight will limit your choices.A. benefitB.conditionadvantagepromiseChina and other countries found that even when children from the countryside do start school, they have a(n) to be absent and often dropout later.reactionexpectationrestriction0.tendencyThe disaster got so much, includi

10、ng a reality show on DiscoveryNetworks Planet Green, that cash, volunteers, and materials poured in.observationB.informationatmosphereattentionI bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real.exchangebargaintrade 0.businessAs a judge in a competition, you shall show no to any competitor

11、 oryou will be criticized by the public.A. desireB.favorC.interestD. sympathyIt is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.usehelptimewayWith no better way to express feelings of love and , its easy to see why everyone turns to the flower shop on Mothers Day.A.appreciationinspirat

12、ionsatisfactionD.ambitionLocal charity workers are joining a nation wide drive to raise public of AIDS, a disease for which there is no effective cure.A. conclusionB.impressionC.awarenessD. judgment答案Co句意：我们已经有几十支铅笔，但是还需要两打钢笔。dozens of表示不确切的数字, 意为“几十个，类似于hundreds of, thousands of, millions of o doze

13、n与具体数字连 用时，不用复数，也不用of,如three dozenbooks等。Do句意：他靠印刷著名作家的作品积累了财富。wealth表示“财富”用作不可数名词； work是不可数名词，表示“工作；works是可数名词，表示“工厂；著作；作品”。Ao句意：他是一名熟练工人。我相信他有足够的经验维修好所有的设备。experience 作“经验”讲是不可数名词，作“经历”讲是可数名词；equipment只能用作不可数名词， 表示“设施；设备”。常见不可数名词可杜撰一词flipean（飞来品）来巧记：fun（有趣的人 /事情），luggage（行李），information（信息）,progre

14、ss （进步）,equipment （设备）， advice（建议）,news（新闻）等。Ao man, woman作定语修饰复数名词时，也用复数形式，如men teachers, women scientistso 但是 boy, girl 作定语只能用单数形式,如 two boy students, threegirl friendsoDo句意：他把咖啡杯掉在地上打碎了。本句考查名词作定语的用法。英语中名词作定语 表示被修饰名词的用途、材料、地点等，一般用单数形式，例外的单词有sports, sales 等。如 a sports car, the sales departmentoCo句意

15、：女孩们的鞋占满了泥浆，因此我让她们进入汤姆的车之前把鞋脱掉。依据下文 asked them推断女孩不止一个，排除A、D；第二空是名词所有格的基本用法。Bo姓氏复数前加the表示“夫妇/一家人”；这里强调地点，故用名词所有格，“在 Palmer夫妇家。另外，应注意假设某物为两者以上拥有，只在后一个名词前加s,如Jim and Jack s bedroomoBo这里考查抽象名词具体化的用法。这里表示“我们想喝三倍浓咖啡和两杯绿茶。”Do 你爷爷总是精力充分，秘诀是什么？一每天早上进行锻炼。taste味道，鉴赏力； energy精力，活力，能源；relief减轻，救济；credit信用，信誉。Ao

16、句意：幸运的是，救援人员得以很快进入受灾地区救援。gain/have access to是固 定词组，表示“进入”。Bo句意：这个医生擅长治疗心脏病又不收病人任何礼物，因此他有很高的声望。 expectation 期望；reputation 声誉；声望；contribution 贡献；civilization 文明。Do句意:一个人徒步旅行既有趣又有利于身体健康，还有助于品质培养。respect尊敬; friendship 友谊；reputation 声誉；character 品质； 性格。Co句意：你的工作经验在就业市场是一大优势，但是你视力差又会限制你的选择。 benefit 利益；好处；

17、 condition 条件；advantage 优势；promise 承诺。Do句意：中国和其他国家发现即使孩子确实很早上学，他们还有以后缺课甚至辍学的 倾向。reaction 反响；expectation 期望；restriction 限制；tendency 趋势；倾向。Do句意：这场灾难得到如此多的关注以致于很多捐款、志愿者蜂拥而至。observation 观察；information 信息；atmosphere 大气层；attention 关注； 注意。Bo句意：我在市场10元买这件衣服，真划算。bargain讨价还价；廉价品。Bo句意：作为比赛评委，你对任何参赛者都不应表现出偏爱，否那么会受到公众责备。 desire愿望，欲望；favor恩惠；帮助，有利；interest兴趣；sympathy同情。Ao句意：和比尔争辩下去没有用，因为他不会改变主意的。It is no use doing sth. 是固定句型，表示“做某事是没有用的”。Ao句意：因为没有更好的表达爱心和感激之情的方式，很容易看到母亲节很多人都奔 花店去。appreciation 感激；欣赏；inspiration 激励；灵感；sa