英国的全生命成本计价ppt课件

1、Whole Life Costing in the United KingdomMichael Byng FRICS AAIQS ACIArb MPWIChairman RICS Quantity Surveying & Construction Faculty30th May 20061英国的全生命本钱计价麦克彬 英国皇家丈量师协会工料丈量及建筑部主席 英国皇家丈量师协会会员 澳大利亚丈量师协会会员 英国注册仲裁协会会员 英国铁路协会会员 建筑本钱管理国际研讨会中国 深圳2006.0530th May 20062What is whole life cycle costing?什么是全生命本

2、钱计价计价?“.a tool to assist in assessing the cost performance of construction work, aimed at facilitating choices where there are alternative means of achieving the clients objectives and where those alternatives differ, not only in their initial cost but also in the subsequent operational costs Defini

3、tion from the emerging ISP Standard 15686 on service life planning “(全生命本钱计价)是一个协助评价建筑工程本钱表现的工具。旨在对到达业 主目的的多种不同质的可选择手段提供一个便利比选的方法。其不仅思索建立期的本钱，而且要思索建成投产后运营运用的本钱。 -摘自30th May 20063Why - whole life cycle costing? (1)为什么要全生命本钱计价?“Increasingly, clients are taking the view that construction should be desi

4、gned and costed as a total package, including costs in use and final decommissioningConstruction Task Force Report - “Rethinking Construction “越来越多地，业主接受这样的观念建筑应该作为一个完好生命体，即包括运用期的本钱和最后撤除的费用去设计和核算本钱。-摘自之“建筑业的再思索30th May 20064Why - whole life cycle costing? (2)为什么要全生命本钱计价?In the UK and elsewhere in th

5、e European Union, public authorities are turning to Private Finance Initiative (PFI) or Public Private Partnership (PPP) routes to deliver new building and infrastructure programmes and associated services. 在英国和其它欧盟国家，政府正在转向采用民营资本先投入 PFI或政府民营协作同伴 PPP的途径去提供新的公共建筑、根底设备和其它效力。Elsewhere in developing cou

6、ntries, where these is insufficient revenue from current taxation, governments seek to make use of PFI and PPP methods to deliver projects on a deferred payment basis. 在其它开展中国家，由于其当前的税务体制下的财政收入缺乏，政府寻求运用PFI 和PPP的方式分期付款地去兴建工程。In these areas, PFI/PPP techniques are being applied to health, education, s

7、ecurity and road and rail transportation programmes. 在这些地域， PFI 和PPP战略被广泛运用于卫生、教育、平安、道路及铁路交通等开展方案。The key factors in making the award of these contracts are the operational cost of running the facilities, the condition of the asset on termination and the operating agreement and/or the cost of decomm

8、issioning or disposal. 运用PFI和PPP协议的关键要素是：设备运转本钱、资产最终情况、操作协议、撤除和废物处置本钱。30th May 20065What are the benefits to clients?什么是业主的益处?WLCC 全生命本钱计价Encourages the bidder to analyse the clients business needs by the bidder who communicates them to his project team. 经过招标人与业主工程组的沟通,鼓励招标人分析业主的需求。Evaluates the alt

9、ernative cost of ownership (construction, purchase or renting) over the whole life of the asset (s). 对各种可选择的资产权属关系兴建、购买或租赁，评价其全生命本钱。Optimises the total cost of ownership by balancing initial capital and running costs. 经过比较初期投入资本和后期运转费用，对相应权属关系的总本钱进展优化。Analyses the risks and costs of functional perfo

10、rmance due to failure of maintenance. 分析由于维护不当引起的功能损失的风险和本钱。Promotes realistic budgeting for operation maintenance and repairs. 为运转期的维护和修缮提出真实可行的预算。Encourages discussion and recording of decisions about durability of materials and components at the outset of the project.- 鼓励讨论并记录在工程开场时对资料和构件的耐久性所作的决

11、议。Provide a “Value for Money approach to project solutions. 对工程的处理方案提供“经济合理性评价Provides data on actual performance and operation compared with predictions as a benchmark for future projects. 提供实践运用表现的数据与预期目的相对比, 并以此数据作为未来工程开展的根据。 30th May 20066Culture changes required to realise the benefits认识业主利益要求相

12、应的文化改动Make WLCC part of the procurement brief. 把全生命本钱计价作为采办战略大纲的一部分。Spend more time earlier in the project, with designers and constructors to review data and agree results. 在工程的早期，多花点时间与设计师和承建商分析数据和商量结果。Ensure that the results are presented with an indication of the sensitivity of variables. 确信这些结果

13、表现了可变要素的敏感性指征。Log decisions on durability are available for feedback on events during operation. 耐久性的决议日志可供运转过程中回想。Ensure that procurement decisions are linked to Health & Safety file and to operating and maintenance documents at handover from the acquisition to the use and maintenance stages. 保证采办方

14、式确实定从获得到运用直至维护阶段,都符合安康与及平安守那么和开工移交后的运转与维护指引。To conclude: Make WLCC as a decision making tool in procurement。结论：以全生命本钱计价作为采办方式决策的工具。30th May 20067WLCC when?何时思索全生命本钱计价？To be effective, WLCC must be applied at the all phases of construction. During the initial appraisal and the decision to purchase or

15、 lease.Feasibility assessment of alternative construction solutions; these include replace and/or maintenance over the life of the asset.In outline designDuring the choice of components in detailed design.In bid appraisalAssessment of proposed construction change orders.Effectiveness of construction

16、 on occupancy evaluation。为到达目的，全生命本钱计价实际须运用于建立全过程的各个阶段：在前期评价和决议购买或租赁时；在选择建立方法的可行性评价时，包括资产整个生命期间的重置和/或维护；在概念设计时；在详细设计阶段选择设备部件时；在评标时；在评价建议的施工变卦指令时；在运用阶段评价建筑物的效应。30th May 20068Phases in Construction life建筑生命期的划分 Based on draft ISO15686 5 根据草案ISO15686-5Acquisition获得Use and Maintenance运用及维护Disposal废物处置Re

17、newal and Adaption翻新和接受30th May 20069Acquisition Costs to consider获得-应思索的费用By construction建立Site costs; purchase, clearance and preparation土地购买、清理和预备Design设计Construction施工Commissioning/handover移交Transaction costs fees转让费In-house administration and costs内部行政管理和费用By purchase/renting购买/租赁Purchase price

18、购买价钱Cost of purchase/adaptation购买/改造的费用Transaction costs fees转让本钱/相关费用In-house administration and costs内部行政管理和费用30th May 200610Use and Maintenance Costs and income运用与维护-本钱和收入Costs本钱Management costs; cleaning, energy utilities, janatorial services, land and grounds including landscaping 管理费用，包括清洁、能源、

19、设备、效力、景观Maintenance; commissioning or fitting out 维护，佣金和装修Repairs and renewals “churn costs 维修和翻新各种费用Income收入Receipts of ownership of the asset 资产权益收入Rents from surplus space (less any loss of income during interim refurbishment or failure of facilities) 富余空间出租收入减去室内装修或设备缺点期租金损失30th May 200611Dispos

20、al Costs and income废物处置-支出和收入Costs支出Disposal including demolition, 废物处置，包括撤除 Obligation under repairing obligation under leases修复义务和租赁责任Site clean up, decontamination场地的清理；污染物的去除Costs of sale销售费用Income收入Sale of interest in asset. 资产权益的出卖Sale of materials for recycling 可回收运用资料的出卖30th May 200612Why co

21、nsider these costs and with whom?为什么思索这些费用及由谁来思索？In the UK, the Construction Clients Form said:-“(we) want whole life (cycle) costs to be appraised and the supply chain to commit themselves to build on time, budget and quality and provide genuine value for money throughout the life of the constructi

22、on Constructing Improvement The Clients Pact with the Industry 在英国，建筑业的业主说： - “我们希望建筑物整个生命周期的本钱被评价，供应链能履行诚诺按商定工期、预算、质量将工程完成，提供能贯穿建筑物终生的真正物有所值的产品。 建筑业的成就业主与行业公约30th May 200613WLCC Key decisions (1)全生命本钱计价关键决议Client involvement in the process Setting the whole life span 业主全程参与-设定建筑物的寿命To agree the dec

23、ision on the required life span of the asset. 赞同关于建筑所要求寿命的决议The balance required between capital and running costs. 建立本钱与运营本钱间的平衡The maintenance strategy; planned or reactive? 保养维护的战略预先方案或随机应变？Fall back plans to mitigate the effects of premature failure of components or loss of functionality 缓和构件潜在失

24、效或功能丧失的影响的补救方案。“Clients should seek to evaluate all tenders on the basis of quality, likely cost-in-us and known past performance as well as (bid) priceSir Michael Lathams report “Constructing the Team业主应在比较招标报价的同时，设法在质量、运用期能够发生的本钱和过往表现等方面上评价各个标书。“ 迈克.雷森爵士的报告缔造队伍30th May 200614WLCC Key decisions (2)

25、全生命本钱计价关键决议Project team involvement in the process Setting the cost parameters. 工程组全程参与设定本钱核算的参数.Considering relationship between capital and operating costs. 思索投资本钱与运营费用之间的关系。Setting realistic levels of costs and receipts. 设定本钱和收益的实践程度。Reviewing allowances to be made future inflation. 检讨未来通货膨胀的幅度。A

26、greeing discount rates to calculate NPV (Net Present Value); NB in publicly procured schemes this rate is set by the Treasury. 商定计算净现值的折算率。留意：在公共消费部门这个比率由英国财政部厘定。 “Members seek objective value based sourcing throughout the supply chain by establishing and implementing selection criteria designed wit

27、h business objectives and understood by suppliersConstruction Round Table Agenda for Change 经过供应连，让工程组建立，执行和了解设定的商业目的，以到达业主寻求的目的和价值。 班30th May 200615A step by step project appraisal guide (1) Initial Investment Appraisal工程评价分步指引初期投资评价Criteria to review The need to define functional requirements.Cons

28、ideration of alternative forms of constructionBuy or build or repair or adaptation of existing assets.Review clients priorities to achieve the required rate of return on capital investment.Length of design life or in the case of PFI/PPP, the length of the concession 检查的准那么- - 功能性要求的定义 - 建筑方式的选择 - 购买

29、、兴建、修复或改造运用现成的建筑 - 检讨到达要求资产报答率关键要点 - 设计寿命，或在PFI/PPP情况下协议 商定的建筑寿命Assumptions required to satisfy these criteria 满足检查准那么的假定；Performance requirements for the completed projects. 工程表现要求；Timing of cost and income flows and period between review or re-appraisal 本钱的时效性、收入流 及回想与 再评价的时间间隔；Programme of major

30、component repair or replacement during the project life. 在工程生命期内，主要部件修复或置换的方案；Cost of alternative fuels. 运用不同燃料的本钱。30th May 200616A step by step project appraisal guide (2) Design and construction appraisal工程评价分步指引 设计与建造评价Prepare WLCC plan; develop and refine with design development. 预备全生命本钱计价方案，并随设

31、计开展逐渐优化.Involve the supply chain in all decisions; contractors, suppliers and manufacturers. 将供应链思索在内: 承建商, 供货商 和工厂.Define components requiring long life and those for which a short life is required. 定义要求长期运用和短期运用的构件。Include WLLC criteria in construction procurement documents. 将全生命本钱计价评价准那么包括在采办大纲文件

32、中。AndDevelop WLCC with the design and the overall investment plan, gradually replacing historic data with accurately predicted costs. 配合设计进展和总体投资方案,逐渐用准确的预测本钱取代全生命本钱计价的历史数据。30th May 200617A step by step project appraisal guide (3) Completion and post-occupation appraisal工程评价分步指引开工和运用评价Develop the WL

33、CC plan to include: -Durability informationReconciliation of maintenance profile with asset design life.Anticipated whole life costs of components and services. 修订全生命本钱方案,包括: - 耐久性资料 - 按建筑设计寿命调整维护指引 - 预测构件及设备的全生命本钱Monitor the performance and cost of the completed construction to highlight: -Variatio

34、ns from cost predictionsEffects of the variations on operating and maintenance plans.Increases in the cots of major periodic replacement of major repair of assets.Over-cautious of optimistic durability or cost estimates. 监测已交工工程的表现和本钱,着重: - 在本钱预测范围内的变卦 - 变卦对营运和维护方案的影响 - 建筑主要维修和改换费用的提高 - 特别留意耐久性的估计和本

35、钱的估算For major refurbishment works, assess:- Residual service life of retained assets.Remaining service life of assets andValidity of original design life when set against achieved service lives. 对大型翻新工程,评价; - 被保管建筑的剩余运用寿命 - 保管设备的可运用寿命,和 - 当到达设备效力期时，原设计寿命的有效性30th May 200618A step by step project appraisal guide (4) Disposal appraisal工程评价分步指引废物处置评价The end of service life:-As planned