2020高中英语语法介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

1、高中英语语法“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人)，即：介词+which/whom。（1）Themantowhomyouspokeisate

2、acher.（2）Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.（3）Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：（1)Theman(who/whom/that)youspoketoisateacher.（2）Thecity（which/that）shelives

3、inisfaraway.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,listento等。Thisisthepen(that/which)youarelookingfor.Thepatient(who/whom/that)sheislookingafterisherfather.Thewordsthat/whichweshouldpayattentiontoarewrittenontheblackboard.Th

4、erearefiftypatientswho/whom/thatwemusttakegoodcareof.二、关系副词when，where，why可用“介词which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词先行词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,during等）+which；Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词which来代替关系副词when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehe

5、re.(ontheday=when=onwhich)(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词which来代替关系副词where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where=inwhich)(3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用forwhich来代替关系副词why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why=forwhich)三、关系代

6、词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)2.二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3.三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhich_Icannotseeclearly.例题：用“介词+关系代词”的形式表示1.Doyoulikethebook_sh

7、elearnedalot?2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.3.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.注意：介词+关系代词1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。四、“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。构成：

8、some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few+of+whom(人）/which(物）Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittente

9、nstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.Herearemanybooks,twoofwhichheborrowed.这儿有许多书,他借走了两本。Iboughthimtwopiecesofclothing,neitherofwhichhelikes.我给他买了两件衣服,他一件也不喜欢。练习:()1.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis()2.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUni

10、versity,_shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.A.afterthatB.fromthatC.fromwhichD.afterwhich()3.Guncontrolisasubject_Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich()4.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich()5.T

11、hesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.whose()6.TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.AforwhichBatwhichCinwhichDonwhich()7.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.A

12、.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich()8.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that()9.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.to

13、which()10.Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich()11.Ericreceivedtraininginthecomputerforoneyear,_hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis()12.Villagersheredependonthefish

14、ingindustry,_therewontbemuchwork.A.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich()13.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom()14.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm_，manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime(

15、)15.WheneverImether,_wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that()16.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_Ihadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.these()17.Manychildren,_parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom()18.Iwasborn

16、inNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity_namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.WhichB.ofwhichC.that二、根据句子意思，用“介词关系代词”填空。1Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.2Theman_youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfathersneighbor.3Theywillvisitthefarm_mybrotherworks.4Nearbyweretwocanoes_theyhadcometotheisland.5WuDong,_Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.D.whose6ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,_thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.7IntheofficeIn