毕业设计英文翻译——基于全球卫星定位系统GPS的软件开发

1、本科生毕业设计（论文）英文翻译毕业设计题目：基于全球卫星定位系统GPS的软件开发学 院： 专业班级： 学生姓名： 指导教师： 2008年 4月 7日Deploying Wireless Java Applicationsby Qusay H. MahmoudOctober 2002 Developers usually build, test, and evaluate an application on a platform similar to the one on which it will be deployed and run. Development of wireless Jav

2、a applications is more challenging because they typically are developed on one platform (such as Solaris or MS Windows) but deployed on a totally different one (such as a cell phone or PDA). One consequence is that, while emulators enable developers to do some of their testing on the development pla

3、tform, ultimately they must test and evaluate the application in the very different environment of a live wireless network. The aim of this article is to show you the different ways you can download local and network applications to J2ME-enabled devices, for both testing and final deployment. After

4、a brief review of wireless Java applications and their development life-cycle, the article shows you how to: Deploy wireless applications remotely Download local and remotely deployed applications Download applications over the air Wireless Java ApplicationsWireless Java applications fall into two b

5、road categories: Local applications (also called stand-alone applications) perform all their operations on a handheld wireless device and need no access to external data sources through a wireless network. Examples include calculators and single-player games. Network applications consist of some com

6、ponents running on a wireless device and others running on a network, and thus depend on access to external resources. An example would be an email application, with a client residing on a wireless phone that interacts with a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server to send messages. Although the

7、se two types of applications are different, they are deployed in the same way. The big difference shows up later: Local applications are easier to test than network applications. For example, a calculator application can run on a wireless phone even when it is not connected to any network, but an em

8、ail client wont work without a connection to the SMTP server that actually transmits the messages. Wireless Java Applications Development LifecycleThe development life-cycle of MIDlets and other wireless Java applications comprises three steps: Write the application. Use your favorite HYPERLINK :/de

9、velopers.sun /mobility/allsoftware/ l midpdev wireless application development environment and tools to develop the application. My favorite is the HYPERLINK :/java.sun /products/j2mewtoolkit/ J2ME Wireless Toolkit. It has a simple and intuitive user interface that makes it easy to start developing

10、wireless applications. More importantly, it includes several emulators for testing your applications. (Some of what follows will assume you use this toolkit too. If you use another development environment, youll have to adapt what you read here to that environment.) Test the application in an emulat

11、ion environment. Once the application compiles nicely, the best place to begin testing it is an emulator. The J2ME Wireless Toolkit comes with several, including Motorola i85s, PalmOS device, and RIM Blackberry. It is important to note, however, that these emulators do not simulate perfectly all of

12、the features of the corresponding devices. They are merely skins with the appropriate dimensions, so the following step is crucial.Download the application to a physical device and test it. Once you are happy with the applications performance on one or more emulators, download it to a real device an

13、d test it there. If its a network application, test it on a live wireless network to ensure that its performance is acceptable. This articles focus is on that last step: deploying and testing the application on a physical device. Deploying and Running Remote ApplicationsThe J2ME Wireless Toolkit ena

14、bles you to run your local wireless application from within the development environment; the JAD and JAR files are available on your own system (if youre using the J2ME Wireless Toolkit, in /apps/YourProject/bin). If you wish to market your wireless applications, however, you need to deploy them whe

15、re users from all over the world can access them. Remote DeploymentTo deploy your wireless applications remotely: Upload your application files (JAD and JAR) to a remote web server. If your project is named games, for instance, upload the files: and from the bin directory of your project home (for e

16、xample, /apps/games/bin). Note that the two files must end up in the same directory on the server.Reconfigure the web server so that it recognizes JAD and JAR files: For the JAD file type, set the file extension to .jad and the MIME type to . For the JAR file type, set the file extension to .jar and

17、 the MIME type to application/java-archive. How you configure the web server depends on which one youre using. For example, if youre using Tomcat, make sure your file includes the following lines: jad text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jar application/java-archiveChange your JAD files MIDlet-Jar-URL p

18、roperty to specify the URL of your JAR file. For example, in the copy of you uploaded to the server, change. .to. Running Remotely Deployed ApplicationsTo see whether your application deployed correctly, open an ordinary web browser and enter the JAD files URL. The J2ME Wireless Toolkits default emu

19、lator should appear and the remotely deployed application should run in it.J2ME-enabled devices (the Motorola/Nextel i85s, for example) include a Java Application Manager (JAM) responsible for downloading, installing, and configuring applications. The J2ME Wireless Toolkit includes a sample JAM you

20、can run in the default emulator. To see how the user will download and manage your application, open a command prompt, change the current directory to /bin, and enter the command: emulator -Xjam The emulator appears and you see the JAMs main screen. In version of the toolkit, the main screen looks l

21、ike this: Figure 1: The J2ME Wireless Toolkit Java Application Managers Main Screen Select the Install soft button and you will be prompted for the applications URL, as shown in Figure 2. Enter the URL of a web page that contains a hyperlink to the applications JAD file.Figure 2: Entering the URL fo

22、r the Applications JAD File Entering a long URL into a wireless phone is inconvenient. A faster and easier way to get started is to use a command in this form: Without further entry, the JAM downloads the JAR file specified in the JAD file and installs the application. The next time you start the em

23、ulator, simply select the JAMs Menu button, then use the menu to run the application, remove it, or perform the other functions shown in Figure 3: Figure 3: The JAMs Main Menu It is important to note that this syntax allows you to install only one MIDlet at a time. Entering a URL allows you to view

24、a web page that may contain several MIDlets you can choose from. As an example, consider the following HTML file () that contains links to three JAD files:MidletsDownload midlets:Games.jadCalc.jadBrowser.jadThank you.t is important to note that the hyperlinks point to the applications JAD file. Now,

25、 enter the URL into the install window as shown in Figure 4. (The IP address is equivalent to localhost.)Figure 4: Entering a URL in the Install WindowThe JAM reads the HTML doccument (), parses the hyperlinks, and displays a list of MIDlets you can download: Figure 5: Links to Downloadable MIDlets

26、Now you can select a MIDlet to download. The JAM reads the JAD file to discover whether the device is capable of handling the application. If so, it downloads and installs the JAR file specified in the JAD file. Once the games MIDlet is downloaded and installed, you will see a display similar to Fig

27、ure 6. Note that games.jad is the MIDlet suite that comes with the J2ME Wireless ToolkitFigure 6: The MIDlet Suite of Games Downloaded and Installed The JAM is smart enough to notify you if you try to install a MIDlet thats already on your device, as in FIgure 7. It will, however, allow you to downl

28、oad an updated version of the MIDlet.Figure 7: Warning That MIDlet Is Already Installed Deploying and Running Applications on Physical DevicesDeploying and running applications in an emulation environment is a very good way to test the logic and flow of your application generally, but you wont be ce

29、rtain it will satisfy users until you test it on a real physical device connected to a wireless network. Your applications performance may be stunning in the emulator, which has all the processing power and memory of your desktop machine at its command, but will it perform well on the handheld devic

30、e, with its limited memory and processing power, low bandwidth, and other constraints? To perform realistic tests you need a J2ME-enabled physical device, and a data cable to connect it to your desktop. For this article.I used a Motorola/Nextel i85s cell phone, available from HYPERLINK :/nextelonlin

31、e.nextel /NASApp/onlinestore/Action/PhoneLanding?initstate=true&redirect=false Nextel, which offers several models and rate plans. Deploying Local ApplicationsIf you have a Motorola J2ME-enabled phone, you can download stand-alone applications using the HYPERLINK :/idenphones.motorola /iden/develope

32、r/developer_tools_jal.jsp Motorola Java Application Loader Lite (JAL Lite). Note that JAL Lite limits filename lengths to 16 characters, and expects an applications JAD and JAR files to be in the same directory. Connect the phone to your desktop and start JAL Lite on your desktop. Youll see a window

33、 like the one in Figure 8: Figure 8: Motorola JAL Lite The application displays the MIDlets already installed on the device. To install a new application, click on the Connect button, then the Download button. The application loader lets you browse your hard disk and select a JAD file. As soon as yo

34、u do, it begins downloading the application and displays a progress indicator as shown in Figure 9: Figure 9: JAL Lite Downloading an Application to the Phone Once the download is complete, click on the Disconnect button, and disconnect the phone from the data cable. When you browse through the Java

35、 applications available on the phone, you should see the application you just downloaded. Select it and you will be asked if you wish to install it. If you answer yes, the application will be installed and you can start using it. The application remains on the phone until you explicitly remove it. B

36、uying and Deploying Remote ApplicationsYou can use JAL Lite and the data cable to download local applications to a wireless phone fromyour desktop, including freely available applications you first download to your desktop using or FTP. Many useful applications are accessible only if you use special

37、 tools, however, usually because developers and wireless carriers wish to charge people for downloading them. There are two ways to download remotely deployed applications: Download your own remotely deployed applications: You can use the Motorola iDEN Java Application Loader to download local and r

38、emotely deployed applications, much as you use JAL Lite to download local applications. Motorolas iDEN web site provides detailed information on HYPERLINK :/idenphones.motorola /iden/developer/developer_iupdate_app.jsp how to become a member of iDENs Developer Program and start downloading. Buy and

39、download others applications: Motorola and Nextel have a large database of wireless applications available for download. Some are free. Check out HYPERLINK :/iden.motorola /iupdatephone/en/j2me_app.cfm iDEN Update, a web-based service with a client-side download application itself a free downloadabl

40、e application! that enables you to download new features, applications, and enhancements. You can browse the site, select features and applications youd like, and update your phone over the Internet. Youll need the iDEN Update client software and an update data cable. A snapshot of the iDEN wireless

41、 marketplace appears in Figure 10:Figure 10: Motorola iDEN Update HYPERLINK :/developers.sun /mobility/images/deploy_fig10.gif t _blank (click for full size) Downloading Applications Over The AirFor some time, wireless portals in Europe such as HYPERLINK :/ midletcentral Midletcentral have allowed c

42、ustomers to download applications directly to their phones, over the air. Over-the-air provisioning of wireless applications (OTA) is finally available in North America. Nextel customers, for example, can download network-aware wireless applications without an update data cable. OTA is the deploymen

43、t of wireless Java applications (MIDlet suites) from the Internet to wireless devices over a wireless network. Users need not connect their devices to the desktop with a data cable or visit a service center to install or upgrade software. See HYPERLINK :/java.sun /products/midp/OTAProvisioning-1.0.p

44、df Over The Air User Initiated Provisioning Recommended Practice for the Mobile Information Device Profile for details. To take advantage of OTA, you must equip your handheld device with a mechanism to discover MIDlet suites available for download, using the devices browser (such as a WAP browser) o

45、r a resident application written specifically to identify downloadable MIDlet suites. The process of downloading MIDlets over the air is illustrated in Figure 11. Figure 11: Over-the-Air Provisioning of MIDlets HYPERLINK :/developers.sun /mobility/images/deploy_fig11.gif t _blank (click for full siz

46、e) Conclusion: Many HYPERLINK :/developers.sun /mobility/device Java-enabled wireless devices are already out there, and the necessary wireless infrastructure is in place to begin deploying wireless applications. This article discussed several ways to deploy and test local and remote wireless Java a

47、pplications. To succeed in the wireless market, you need to develop relationships with other developers, device manufacturers, content developers, and wireless carriers. Several device manufacturers (such as Nokia) and wireless carriers (such as Nextel) offer developer programs that can help you mar

48、ket your dazzling wireless Java application.For more information J2ME Wireless Toolkit: HYPERLINK :/java.sun /products/j2mewtk Wireless Software Design Techniques: HYPERLINK :/developers.sun /mobility/midp/articles/uidesign om/midp/articles/uidesign Over The Air Provisioning: HYPERLINK :/java.sun /p

49、roducts/midp/OTAProvisioning-1.0.pdf iDEN Update: HYPERLINK :/ mot /iden Nextel Developer Program: HYPERLINK :/developer.nextel 配置无线Java应用 Qusay H. MahmoudOctober 2002 2002年10月 开发商通常会像在真正运行的平台上一样来构建，测试和评估应用平台。发展无线Java应用程序更具挑战性，因为它们通常是在一个特定的平台上开发（如Solaris操作系统或微软视窗） ，但在一个完全不同的平台上配置（如 或PDA ） 。这样会导致，虽然模

50、拟器使开发人员对开发平台做一些测试，但最终他们必须在完全不同的环境一个真正的无线网络中测试和评估应用。 本文的目的是阐述不同的方式，为双方的测试和最后的配置来下载本地及网络应用的J2ME功能的设备。经过短暂的审查无线Java应用程序和它们的开发生命周期，文章显示如下： 配置无线远程应用 下载本地和远程配置应用 下载上层应用无线Java应用 无线Java应用可分为两大类： 本地应用程序 （也称为独立式应用程序 ）在一个手持无线装置上执行所有操作，不需要通过无线网络访问外部数据源。例如计算器和单人游戏。 网络应用程序包括一些运行于无线设备及其他运行于网络上的部件，因此依赖于访问外部资源。例如，一个

51、电子邮件应用程序中，一个无线 用户以简单邮件传输协议（ SMTP ）服务发送信息进行交互。 虽然这两种类型的应用程序不同，它们分别在以同样的方式进行配置。最大的差异表现在：本地应用程序方法比网络应用更容易测试。举例来说，一个计算器的应用程序可以运行于无线 ，即使它没有连接任何网络；而如果没有连接到SMTP服务器为其传达讯息，一个电子邮件客户端程序将不能工作，。 无线Java应用软件开发生命周期 MIDlets应用程序和其它无线Java应用程序的开发生命周期包括三个步骤： 写应用，任选s%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-CN%26newwindow%3D1%26sa%3DG/m

52、obility/allsoftware/ 无线应用程序开发环境和工具来开发应用。这里用的J2ME是无线开发包。它有一个简单而直观的用户界面，可以轻松开始开发无线应用。更重要的是，它包括几个用来测试应用程序的模拟器。（下面的一些内容都将使用这个开发包，如果用另一种开发环境，必须适应这里所说的内容。） 在一个仿真环境中测试应用程序，一旦应用程序汇编好了，模拟器便是最好的测试地方。在J2ME 无线开发包中带有一些，包括摩托罗拉i85s ， Palm操作系统设备，和RIM设备。但必须注意是，这些模拟器并不能完美的模拟相应设备的全部功能。它们只是适当模拟表面的功能，因此，以下的步骤是至关重要的。 下载应

53、用到一个物理设备并进行测试，如果应用程序在一个或多个模拟器的性能让人满意，下载到一个真正的设备，并在该设备上进行测试。如果是一个网络应用，需要对一个真正的无线网络进行测试，以确保其性能是可以接受的。 这篇文章的重点是在这最后一步：配置和测试应用物理设备。配置和运行远程应用 在J2ME 无线开发包中，能在本地无线应用从内部发展环境;系统中的jad和jar文件，（如果使用了J2ME 无线开发包，在/apps/games/bin ） 。如果想推销无线应用程序，就必须保证用户从世界各地都可以对它们进行访问。 远程配置 配置无线远程应用： 上传应用程序文件（ jad和JAR ）到一台远程网络服务器。例如

54、工程命名为games上传文件： 和在工程主目录的bin文件夹中（例如， /程序/游戏/bin ） 。注意到，这两个文件必须在同一服务器目录结束。重新配置网络服务器，这样，就能够识别jad和jar文件： Jad类型的文件，设置文件扩展名为Jad。 而MIME类型为描述符 。 jar类型的文件，设置文件扩展名为jar，MIME类型，以应用/ Java的档案 。 如何配置网络服务器，取决于使用哪种类型。例如，如果使用Tomcat，要确保文件包括以下内容： jad text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jar application/java-archive适当改变JAD文

55、件的MIDlet-Jar-URL属性来指定JAR文件的URL。举例来说，在上传到服务器的文件的复制过程中，变更 MIDlet-Ja .to. 运行远程配置应用 。看看应用程序是否配置正确，打开一个普通的网页浏览器，并输入JAD文件的URL 。应该出现J2ME 无线开发包的默认模拟器，远程配置应用在模拟器上运行。 J2ME的功能装置（例如摩托罗拉/ Nextel的i85s ） ，一个Java应用程序管理器（JAM）负责下载，安装和配置应用程序。 在J2ME 无线开发包包括一个样板JAM，可以运行在默认模拟器。看看用户将如何在网上下载和管理应用程序，打开一个命令提示符，改变当前目录 /bin ，并

56、输入命令： emulator -Xjam 模拟器- xjam 模拟器上出现JAM的主界面。在版本的工具箱，主界面如下：图1 ： J2ME 无线开发包的Java应用程序管理器的主界面 选择安装软按钮，提示输入应用的网址，如图2所示。进入该网址的网页，其中包含超链接到应用的jad文件。图2 ：进入应用的jad文件 的网址一个长的URL进入无线 是不方便的。更快和更容易的方法，是使用一个命令，按这种形式： emulator -Xjam:insta 不再进一步进入，JAM下载jar文件指定在JAD文件和安装应用。当下次启动模拟器，只要选择JAM的菜单按钮，然后使用菜单，以运行该应用程序，删除或执行其它

57、功能。如图3所示：图3 ：JAM的主菜单 但必须注意的是，一个MIDlet一次只允许安装一个应用程序。进入一个网址查看的网页可能包含几个应用程序，可以从中选择。例如，考虑下面包含3个 JAD文件链接的HTML文件（ ）：MidletsDownload midlets:.0.0.1:8080/games.jadGames.jadCalc.jadBrowser.jadThank you.这是必须指出的是，要重视应用的jad文件的超文本链接点。现在，输入网址进入安装窗口，如图4所示。（ IP地址相当于本地主机 ）图4 ：在安装窗口进入一个网址 JAM读取HTML文件（ ） ，解析超文本链接，并显示所

58、有可以下载的MIDlet列表： 图5 ：可下载 MIDlet链接现在，可以选择一个应用程序下载。 JAM读取JAD文件，会发现该设备是否能够处理相关应用。如果是的话，它就会下载并安装JAR文件到指定的JAD文件中。一旦游戏MIDlet下载并安装，将会看到一个类似图6的显示。注意games.jad是与J2ME 无线开发包的MIDlet匹配的。图6 ：游戏下载与安装的MIDlet 组如果试图安装一个应用程序，并且该设备上已经安装过，JAM会发出通知。但是，它可以下载最新版本的应用程序。图7 ：警告：应用程序已经被安装 在物理设备配置和运行应用程序在一个仿真环境配置和运行的应用程序，是一个很好的测试

59、逻辑和应用的方法，但除非一个真正的物理设备连接到一个无线网络，否则无法确定是否能满足用户。在模拟器上，应用程序的性能可能会惊人的，它所有的处理能力和内存有关。但在手持设备上，其有限的内存和处理能力，低带宽，和其他制约因素，应用程序会工作的怎样？ 需要一个J2ME的功能的物理设备和数据电缆，以将它连接到桌面。此文章我使用了一个摩托罗拉/ Nextel的i85s ，可从Nextel的 ，它提供了几种型号和价格计划。 配置本地应用程序 如果是摩托罗拉的J2ME功能的 ，还可以使用 HYPERLINK :/04/translate_c?hl=zh-CN&u= :/idenphones.motorola

60、 /iden/developer/developer_tools_jal.jsp&prev=/search%3Fq%3DDeploying%2BWireless%2BJava%2BApplications%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-CN%26newwindow%3D1%26sa%3DG 摩托罗拉的Java应用程序下载器(JAL Lite) 下载独立式应用产品。要注意JAL Lite要求文件名长度为16个字符，并且一个应用程序的jad和jar文件必须在同一目录中。 连接 到桌面，并在桌面上开始JAL Lite。会看到一个窗口，如图8 ： 图8 ：摩托罗拉JAL Lite应