2022年人教版英语必修五知识点

1、必修五 unit5 知识点详解1 Aid (v) 帮助 ; 援助 =help sb 帮助某人去做 . aid sb to do在 事帮助某人aid sb in He aided me in business. I aided her to continue her study. At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor. n /U/帮助 ; 援助 在某人的帮助下 with the aid of 为了帮助 in aid ofTeachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. He rais

2、ed money in aid of the sick. 知识拓展：give/offer aid 援助 come to sb.s aid 帮助某人 cut off aid （突然）终止援助 a hearing aid 助听器 teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护2. temporary 暂时的，临时的temporary relief from pain 短暂的解痛 temporary work/ solution 临时工作 /解决办法 3. fall ill fall+ adj. ill asleep awake sick silent 4 get+过去分词 表被

3、动或状态The computer got damaged when we were moving. My bike is getting repaired now. My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball. Peter and Mary got married last year. get done get injured 受伤 get dressed穿衣服 get damaged 遭到破坏 get changed 改变 get married 结婚 get infected 被感染 get broken 被弄破 get los

4、t 迷失，走失5 injure v. injury to sth. （部位）的伤 injuries to the legs got injured injury injured hurt 肉体，精神上的伤害（一般用语），疼痛 injure 意外或事故而受伤 wound 指外伤（刀、枪、剑伤）6. bleed-blood-bloody (v.) (n.) (adj.) His nose was bleeding. = He was bleeding at the nose .= He has a bloodynose. 他在流鼻血。bleed for 为 而流血 , 悲痛 bleed to de

5、ath 出血过多而死 lose blood 流血、失血 flesh and blood 血肉之躯 7. choke vi. & vt. 窒息 ; 阻塞 She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。The smoke almost choked me. 烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。At the bad news, he couldnt choke back his tear 听到这则噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼泪。 The man gave a few chokes and then got his breath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。8.essential adj. 最

6、重要的，不可缺少的，本质的 1)Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops. 阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。 2)It is essential for us to set our study goal. 我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标。3)It is essential that you (should) win the voters hearts.赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。- 当用 it 充当主语而用它充当表语时，that 从句的谓语动词用should + 动词原形。9. You have three layers of skin

7、 which act as a barrier against disease, act as 作为 .barrier 屏障 ,障碍物 ,隔阂 You should show the ticket at the barrier. The language barrier 10 poison n./vt. 毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒eg:1)Poisons must be put out of children s reach.毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到的地方。2)This matter will make some poison to the crops. 这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害。3)Book

8、s of this kind can make poison to children. 这类书会对儿童造成毒害。 4)Heroin has poisoned a lot of people. 海洛因毒害了很多人。5)The polluted water in the river poisoned people here. 污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。-poisonous adj. 有毒 (害)的 eg: This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities. 11.protect against/ from保护 不受 的损害preven

9、t from doing阻止protect your eyes from strong light to protect you against cold prevent them from getting married prevent sb. (from) doing stop sb. (from) doing keep sb. from doing 12. sense (n. & v.) five senses：sense of smell sense of hearing the sixth sense sense of touch sense of sight sense of ta

10、ste sense of humour、duty、direction The man has no common sense . (无常识 ) What he said made no sense.(没道理 ) sense (v.) 感觉到Although she didnt say anything, I sensed that she didnt like the idea.(我感觉到她不喜欢这个主意）13.So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious . 该句是一个主从复 合句，主句为： S

11、o if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious ；从句为： as you can imagine. as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有“ 正如 ” 或“就象 ” 的意思；它所引的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。另外，该句的主句中还含有一个if 引导的条件状语从句。请看类似的句子：As you can see, if they are not properly protected, the farmlands will become desserts sooner or later. 正如你所看到的，这些农田如果保护不当

12、迟早会变成沙漠。as we all know = as is known to all as we expect = as is expected as everybody can see as you can imagine 14.various 不同的，各种各样的 There are various colors to choose from. vary vi 1. (in sth) be different in size, volume, strength, etc(体积、容积、力量等)呈现不同Opinions vary on this point. 15. vary (with st

13、h); (from sth to sth) change , esp according to some factor 改变 , 变动 , 变化（尤指伴随某种因素而产生）Prices vary with seasons. 物价随季节而变动Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression. 她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉variety n. 变化，多样性，种类 We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化 The shopping center sells a variety of goods a v

14、ariety of+ 名词 ,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一致 16.depend on 取决于 ,依赖 ,依靠 ,信赖 ,信任His whole family depends on him他全家都靠他养活. He is a man to be depended on 他是个可以信赖的人 dependent ( adj. ) dependence ( n. ) independent ( adj. ) independence (n.) 17. mild-milder-mildest-mildly Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused b

15、y touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment. mild 在这个句子中的意思是“ 轻微的、不严重的”。如： Edward suffered from a mild heart attack. 爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。 mild 还可以表示 “温和的、暖和的；味淡的” 如： Shes the mildest person I have ever met in my life. 她是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了a mild climate 温暖的天气 mild cheese 淡味奶酪18. 词语辨析 : electric 电的 ,发电的 ,由电产生

16、的 ,用于导电的 . electrical 有关电的 ,与电有关的 . electricity 电 ,电力 . 电力学 electric generator 发电机 , electric cooker 电炉 , electric iron 电熨斗 , electric engineer 电机工程师19.swell vt./vi. Swell swelled/ swelled swollen 使膨胀，使 (力量，数目等 )增长，使壮大，The wind swelled the sails. 风使船帆鼓起。His injured wrist began to swell (up). 他那受伤的手腕

17、开始肿起。Her face swelled up with toothche. The wind swelled into a storm. 风力渐增，终于形成一场暴风雨。a small business swelled into a big company. 壮大4)Never swell with pride when you make some contributions. swell with pride/anger 得意洋洋、怒气冲冲 The doctor examined the swelling on my back. swollen adj. 肿胀的 His eyelid is

18、 swollen. 他眼皮肿了。20.stick stick sth. to sth. 粘住 Stick the glue to my fingers. stick to doing sth stick to 坚持stick to ones view 坚持自己的观点有了贡献不要沾沾自喜。21. jewellery=jewelry 珠宝 (总称 ) 不可数 jewel 可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物 jewel jewellery jewels She appeared at the reception wearing her finest jewels. She locked her jewels

19、in the jewellery box. 22.Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. 水-y 是个形容词后缀。如：windy 有风 hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的 greeny 略呈绿色的 spicy 辛辣的 woody 树木茂密的 23. unbearable 不能忍受的 un 不能 .,无法 . 立即用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不要用冰unforgettable uncertain unbelievable uncomfortable unwilling unfair unfortunate unusual unfit

20、 unlike 24. squeeze 挤；压；塞 squeezesth. into sth. 把 塞进 squeezesth. from/ out of sth. 挤出 squeezethrough 挤过 squeezesth. out of sb. 敲诈逼某人说出 I squeezed myself onto the crowded train. He squeezed everything into a suitcase. She watched her grandma squeeze the juice out of a lemon attentively Although I am

21、busy, I still can squeeze you in at 10 oclockThose blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him. 那些勒索者打算向他榨取更 多钱。I ll never give in to you, and you can squeeze nothing out of me The little boy is squeezing the toothpaste from the tube onto the toothbrush 25. over and over again List some p

22、hrases or words that have similar meaning over and over again and again repeatedly now and again over and again from time to time Sometimes many times now and then At times 26. Hold the bandage in place with tape. 用胶布把绷带固定。in place 在适当的地方。如：The librarian put the returned books in place. 图书馆员把还回的图书放到

23、原处。Youd better put things back in place.你最好把你的东西放回原位。Her dress was out of place at the ceremony.（不得体 ,不适当）in place 还有 “准备就绪 ”的意思。如：The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place. 周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。With everything in place, she started the slide show. 27.Pour 1. 倒,灌 ,注 She poured herself

24、another cup of tea. 她为自己又倒了一杯茶。2. 倾注 ;大量投入 ;大量生产They have poured money into the tourist industry. 3 倾吐 ,诉说他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。She often pours her troubles to friends. 她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。不及物动词 vi. 1. 倾泻 ,涌流 The crowd poured out of the concert hall. 人群从音乐厅涌出来。Sweat poured from Martins face. 马丁脸上汗如雨下。2. 斟茶 Shal

25、l I pour? 我来斟茶好吗 ? 3 (雨)倾盆而降 (+down) The rain poured steadily down. 大雨不停地倾盆而下。Pour cold water on/over 对 泼冷水 Pour oil on the flames 火上浇油 Pour oil on troubled waters 平息风波Reading2 1 award, reward, prize award 指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。如：The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best stud

26、ent. 学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。reward “报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。如：The fireman received a reward for saving the childs life. 因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。prize 奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。如：Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition. 参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。2.Honor n. (U) 荣誉，尊敬 ;名誉 It s a point of honor with me

27、 to reply all my debts promptly.(C) 引以为荣的人 /事，只用单数。(D) The successful launch of the “Shenzhou VI” is an honor to our country.do sb an honor /the honor （of doing sth ）使某人有特殊的荣幸 ,赏光Will you do me the honor of dining with me? in sbs /sth出于对 的敬意可否赏光和我一起吃饭？We are planning a big Christmas party in your ho

28、nor. 我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。in honor of，为纪念 ，为庆祝 A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war. 为了纪念在 战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑。v.给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）1 honor sb/sth （ with sth ）The President honored us with a personal visit. 2 be honored for因 而受到尊敬 Dr Bethune was honored for his

29、 selfless work. 白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉。3 be/feel honored that 很荣幸能做 I am honored that you should notice me. 我很荣幸您能注 意到我。 4 be/feel honored to do 很荣幸能做 。I am honored to be here with you. 能和你在这里我感到很荣幸。an honored guest 贵宾3 present v. Joan was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the brav

30、ery of the life of another. 1. 赠送 present + sth. +to +sb. 把某物送给某人 present + sb. +with sth. 赠送某人某物 正式介绍 2. introduce (sb) formally She presented her boyfriend to us. 她把男朋友介绍给我们。3. show 显示 ,呈现a smiling face 显出一张笑脸 4. 描述The characters in the novel are vividly adj. 作前置定语 , “目前的 ,现在的 ”作后置定语 , “出席的 ,在场的 t

31、he present members the members present n. gift 礼物 相关短语：the present day 今天 (=today) ed. 小说中人物被描写得很生动 the present 现在 (相当于名词 ) at presentat the present timenow 现在 be present at 出席 ;到场 for the present 暂时 4).ceremony n. (C)典礼；仪式 (U)礼节；礼仪；客套 The wedding ceremony was beautiful. There is no need for ceremon

32、y between us. Expressions: stand on ceremony 拘泥礼节；讲究客套 with ceremony 正式；隆重 without ceremony 不拘礼节地；随便地The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony. 人们以最高规格的仪式欢迎国家首脑。5). John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 此句型中 when 作并列连词相当于and then 意为 ”正当 时突然 ” ,常用于以下句型：be doing when正在做 突然 be

33、about to do when即将做 突然be on the point to do when正要去做 .突然 has/have/had done when 刚刚 这时 (突然 ) 6 cut ones finger 割破手指 have ones hair cut 理发 cut expenses 减少费用 cut a class 逃学 Was your salary cut? 你的薪水减少了吗 ? 习惯用语：be cut out for 有做某事的天赋 ; 适合于 ; 与.相配合 short cut 捷径 , 近路 (一般和 make, take 连用 ; 有时用作定语 ) draw cut

34、s 抽签 cut about 乱切 , 乱砍 乱跑 cut at 向 .砍去 猛打 毁掉 cut away 切除 , 剪掉 匆匆跑掉 cut back(on) 减少 ; 剪短 ; 倒叙 ; 缩减 ; 中断 ; cut down 削减 , 压缩 砍倒 使丧命 比.强; 使.逊色 cut in 插进来说 , 插嘴 夹进来 , 夹塞 干预 超车 cut into 插进来 , 参加 (谈话 ), 打断 (别人的话 ); 减少 , 缩减 ; 切开 ; 侵犯 (利益 ) cut off 切断 , 停掉隔绝 , 挡住 死掉使电话中断切剪下来剥夺 (继承权 ) cut out 删掉 停止 (机器 )失灵7.a

35、 number of+ 可数名词，谓语用复数，意为“ 许多，大量的 . .，the number of +可数名词，谓语用单数，意为“ . . 的数量 ”eg:1)A number of problems have arisen. 已经出现了很多问题。2)The number of colleges has increased in the past 10 years. 在过去的十年里，大学的数量有所 增加。-其他表示 “许多，大量 ” 的短语：a great /good many a large /great /good/small number of +可数名词 a good few /

36、quite a few many a much a great / good deal of a great / large amount of +不可数名词 quite a little a lot of / lots of a great / large quanitity of +可数或不可数名词 large quanitities of plenty of 8.put ones hands on 找到 eg: Few of the students have put their hands on the materials for their compositions. 没有几个学生找

37、到适合他们作文的素材。9.treat vt. 1)对待；看待，把 .看作：treat sb.badly 虐待某人 treat sb.as distinguished guest 把某人待为上宾 treat sb. with consideration 对待某人很体贴 Do not treat this serious matter as a joke. 2)讨论；探讨；详述； （文学，艺术作品中）描绘，描述；表现：He treats this subject thoroughly in his book. 他在书中详尽透彻地讨论了这个问题。3)医治，治疗：treat sb. for influ

38、enza 给某人医治流行感冒 treat sb oothache 治疗某人的牙痛 4)款待，请客 (to): treat sb. to an ice-cream( a theatre)请某人吃冰激凌（看戏）I ll treat myself to a sunbath.我要好好地享受一次日光浴。Let s go out for dinner-my treat this time. 这次由我请客。10 .apply Vt. 涂,敷;应用 ;适用 Application applicant-applicance-applicable 1)涂,敷 她在脸上浓妆艳抹She applied heavy m

39、akeup to her face. 2)我们应该把理论应用于实践。We should apply theory to practice. This rule can not be applied to every case. vi. 申请 apply to sb for sth apply for a job 申请就业 Apply for a scholarship 申请奖学金 apply to do sth 申请做某事 They applied to return to China. 3)适用 School regulations apply to every student. 校规适用于

40、每位学生。This rule can not apply to every case. 这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。apply oneself/sth to sth 使致力 (于),使专心从事 He applied himself to learning French. 他致力于学习法语。致力于 : 专心于，Bury oneself in Absorb oneself in Involve oneself in lose oneself in commit oneself to devote oneself to keep one s mind on11.There is no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills h