小学英语语法-1般现在时详细讲解

1、小学英语语法-1般现在时详细讲解我的功能1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态I wash the dishes every day.You sometimes take a bus home. They usually have lunch at 11:30.He always gets up early. She is often late for school. 2. 表示表示客观事实You are 13.He is a student. You study at Olympic Garden Middle School.关键词always(总是) usually(通常) often(经常

2、) sometimes(有时) hardly(几乎不) rarely（很少） never(从不) every day(每天) every year(每年） all the time（所有时间）on Monday（在星期一） in January （在某月）3. 表示永恒不变的真理； The moon goes round the earth. 一. be动词的一般现在时be动词： 主语 + be +其它如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 He is a boy.他是一个男孩。 am is(单三） are肯定句：主语+be+其它 如： He is a worker. You are th

3、irteen. 否定句：主语+ be+ not+其它 如： He is not a worker. You arent thirteen.一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它? 如： Is he a worker? Yes, he is./No, he isnt. Are you thirteen? Yes, I am ./No, I am not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+其它? 如： What is he? What colour is that bird? How old are you? Where are they ?2. be 动词的一般现在时的基本句型二. 实义动词的一般现在时1、

4、什么叫实义动词？ 实义动词是指表示有具体意思的动词,也叫行为动词。 如: like(喜欢）, eat（吃）, live（居住）, have（有）, run（跑） 等等。实义动词占英语中动词的绝大多数。 我们已学过的be 动词可译成“是”，有时译成“成为”，有时则没有具体意思如： “She is tall.”这句译成： “她很高”。故be 动词不属于实义动词。2、一般现在时实义动词作谓语的时侯有两种形式：动词原形；如: enjoy第三人称单数动词形式；如: enjoys主语 + (+其它)。行为动词原形行为动词的单数第三人称形式如：We study English.我们学习英语. He stud

5、ies French. 一般现在时结构静态句“ to be” 动态句“to do”静态句“to be”肯定句否定句一般疑问句主语+ be动词+I am a girl.He is at home.They are happy.主语+ be动词+not+He is not a farmer.We are not at school.I am not tall.Be动词+ 主语+?Is he a farmer?Are you students?Are the books on the table?动态句“to do”肯定句否定句一般疑问句主语+ 动原+三单主语+动词三单+We go to schoo

6、l everyday.He goes home after school.主语+ dont +动原+三单主语+doesnt +动原We dont go to schoolHe doesnt go home Do+主语+动原?Does +三单主语+动原?Do you go to school?Does he go home? 哪些主语是第三人称单数? 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。 He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。二、单个人名

7、、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。 Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或this / that / the+单数可数名词作主语时，是第三人称单数。 A panda is a shy animal. 熊猫是害羞的动物。 This book is yellow. 这本书是黄色的。 That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 The cat is black. 这只猫是黑色的。 3、实义动词

8、第三人称单数的动词形式变化规则一般情况下直接加-swalkwalks以s. x. sh. ch. o尾 加-eswatchwatchesgogoes“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i, 再加-es，flyflies 特殊情况havehas dodoesgogoes当主语是第三人称单数时，动词需变化.动词单三的变化：1、一般情况下，直接加s，如： reads, plays, works, makes2、以s, x, ch, sh结尾，后加es. 如： watches washes teaches3、以辅音字母加o结尾,一般加es ,如：does, goes4、“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接在词尾加

9、-s。 如：plays, says5、辅音字母+y结尾的单词, 去y,加ies, 如：flies, studies6、不规则变化 如：have-hasExercise sit_ swim_ go _ _ do _ make _ run _ write_ see_ _ cry_ study _ watch_ wash_ say_ play _ have_ take_ sitsswimsgoesdoesmakesrunswritescries_seesstudieswatcheswashessays_playshas_takessits1) 肯定句:主语（I/We/You/They）+实义动词原形

10、+其他 如：I stay at home on Saturdays. They have sports every day.主语（He/She/It）+实义动词单三形式+其他 如：He stays at home on Saturdays. Lucy has sports every day.4、实义动词的一般现在时的基本句型 2) 否定句：主语（I/We/You/They）+ do+not+动词原形+其他 如：I dont stay at home on Saturdays. They dont have sports every day.主语（He/She/It）+ does+not+动词

11、原形+其他 如：He doesnt stay at home on Saturdays. Lucy doesnt have sports every day.3) 一般疑问句及其肯、否定回答：Do+主语（I/we/you/they）+动词原形+其他？ 如：Do you stay at home on Saturdays? Yes,I do./No,I dont. Do they have sports every day? Yes, they do./No, they dont.Does+主语（he/she/it）+动词原形+其他？ 如：Does he stay at home on Satu

12、rdays? Yes,he does./No,he doesnt. Does Lucy have sports every day? Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.4) 特殊疑问句： 疑问词+ do/does+主语+动词原形+其他？如： What do you want? What does she want? What time do you have lunch? What time does she have lunch? What do you do? What does she do? How do you spell it? How does he spell

13、 it?特殊疑问句: 疑问词+一般疑问句?直接回答，而不用yes 或no.5.一般现在时的句型变换1） I usually play football on Friday.改为一般疑问句: Do you usually play football on Friday?对划线部分提问: What do you usually do on Friday? 2） My father go to work by bike everyday.对划线部分提问: How does your father go to work everyday?一般现在时（否定句） 在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词（

14、can等）时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not。 例如一般现在时（否定句）1、I am a teacher.否：I am not a teacher.2、He is a student.否： He is not a student.3、You are a boy.否： You are not a boy.4、I can swim.否： I can not（cant) swim.变否定句I am a good boy.I am not a good boy.变否定句They are students.They are not students.变否定句She can speak Englis

15、h.She can not speak English.一般现在时（否定句） 句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does not (doesnt),非单三时，否定句在动词前加do not（dont) 例如一般现在时（否定句） 1、I to school by bus. 否： I to school by bus. 2、He to school by bus. 否：He to school by bus. godont gogoesdoesnt go变否定句I study English every day.I dont study English every m

16、orning.变否定句She speaks Chinese well.She doesnt speak Chinese well.一般现在时（疑问句） 句中有be动词或情态动词时，be动词或情态动词can提前，首字母变为大写；some 变any例如一般现在时（一般疑问句） He is a student. You are a boy. Is he a student？ Are you a boy？ I can swim. They are teachers. Can you swim？ Are they teacher？ Ben is my friend. Is Ben your friend

17、？变一般疑问句一般现在时（疑问句） 句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为非第三人称单数，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。主语为第三人称单数，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形；Some变any.例如一般现在时（一般疑问句） 1、I to school by bus. 疑问句： you to school by bus. 2、He to school by bus. 疑问句： he to school by bus. DoesgogoesgogoDoWe go to school every day. Do you go to school every day?变一般疑问

18、句Nancy likes playing computer games. Does Nancy like playing computer games?变一般疑问句Ben wants some bread. Does Ben want any bread？变一般疑问句特殊疑问句 地点：where 人：who 物：what 年龄：how old价钱：how much 数量：how many特殊疑问句有be动词或情态动词构成：疑问词+be动词或情态动词+主语+其它例如特殊疑问句She can play piano.What can she play？He is ten. How old is he

19、？He is at home. Where is he ？Its 3 dollars. How much is it?特殊疑问句没有be动词或情态动词构成：疑问词+do（does）+主语+动词原形+其它例如 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？I like playing football.Jim eats some bread every morning.Lingling has lunch at home.What do you like?What does Jim eat every morning?Where does Linging have lunch？Do you like play

20、ing football?Does Jim eat any bread every morning?Does Lingling have lunch at home? 谓语动词是实义动词时, 其一般现在时的谓语动词形式有两种第三人称单数或原形。其否定句和疑问句要借助于does或do来帮助构成。6. 实义动词的一般现在时用法小结 一般现在时练习用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. He usually _ (have) lunch at home.2. David and Tom usually _ (play) football after school.3. We usually _ (make

21、) model ships.4. Nick usually _ (watch) TV on Monday.hasplaymakewatches5. What _they usually _ (do) on Saturdays? They usually _ (fly) kites.6. _ your uncle_ (water) the flowers every day?7. _ your parents_ (read) newspapers every day?8. The girl usually _ (teach) us English on Sundays.dodoflyDoeswa

22、terDoreadteaches9. What _you usually _ (do) after school? I usually _ (grow) flowers.10. What _your mother usually _ (do) on Sundays? She usually _ (do) housework at home .11. _ Mike _(have) any hobbies? Yes, he _ . He _ (like) _ (cook).12. They_ (have) the same hobby.dodogrowdoesdodoesDoeshavelikes

23、havecookingdoes13. My aunt _ (like) _ (read) newspapers every evening .14. What _Mike usually _ (do) on Sundays? He usually _ (help) Jane with her Maths .15. What _Helen usually _ (do) on Sundays? She usually _ (clean) the desk .cleansdodoeshelpsdodoesreadinglikes16. She _ (go) to school from Monday

24、 to Friday.17. Liu Tao _ (do) not like PE. He cant _(run ) fast.18. The children usually _ (watch) TV in the evening.goesdoesrunwatch19. Su Hai and Su Yang _ (have) eight subjects this term.20. What _ she usually _ (do) in the evening? She usually _ (study) English.studiesdoesdohave21.The girl is _ . She dances _ _ .(beautiful)22. The student _ (use) a compute