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1、精选优质文档倾情为你奉上精选优质文档倾情为你奉上专心专注专业专心专注专业精选优质文档倾情为你奉上专心专注专业 Unit 1 Overview 概述Format of the reading module Time: 60 minutesContent: TypeReadingtaskNumber of questionsPassage lengthAcademic (A)study abroad3 reading passages4011-15 for each passage800-1000 words per passage averagelyGeneral Training (G)imm
2、igration3 sections4011-15 for each sectionSection 12 3 short passagesSection 22 passages of medium lengthSection 31 passage of 800-1000 words Scores (on a scale of 1 - 9) 分数 A类答对题数 G类答对题数939 - 40408.537 - 3838 - 39835 - 367.533 - 3435 - 37730 - 326.527 - 2926 - 34623 - 265.520 - 2218 - 25516 - 194.5
3、13 - 1512 - 17410 - 12 On the reading materialsPassage style: 学术性和科学性说明文(exposition)或 议论文(argumentation) TopicExample地球,自然界的现象及地理现象全球气候变暖,厄尔尼诺,地球灾难,火山,地震,森林大火,生物灭绝人类社会发展,经济状况及文化交流世界范围内的就业状况,教育状况,工农业状况,经济发展状况,粮食。能源危机,人口爆炸及居住问题,城市化及相关问题热门学科某些热门学科信的研究动向,如语言学,考古学,生物学,医学,建筑学,教育学,女性主义研究等人类历史发展中的重要事件,重要人物及
4、重要标志性产品人类历史上的重大发明(如电视,电话,计算机等)和表明人类文明辉煌成就的重大事件(如登录月球)4. Question Type 题型1List of headings 标题匹配 要求根据段落内容找出与其相匹配的标题,每个段落只有一个标题2True/False/Not Given 判断题 题目是数个陈述句,考生必须根据文章内容判断。如果题目内容与原文内容一致,选true;如果题目内容与文章内容相抵触,选false;如果题目内容在原文中没有提到,则选Not Given3Summary概述总结两种出题方式:1)从文章的某几段中选取内容组成一段文字,其中留出五到六个空格,由考生根据文章内容
5、,按照题目要求的词数在空格中填词;另一种是在第一种形式的基础上在文字下方给出word bank, 考生只能选择其中的词来进行填空4Matching/classification分类匹配要求考生根据所读文章内容把两组信息进行配对,包括论点与论据相配,概念与解释相配,信息与段落相配,学者与其主要观点相配,错误观点misconception与反驳错误观点的论据counterargument相配, 事件与发生的时间相配,原因与结果相配,新产品与发明家或发明时间相配,等等5Multiple-choice选择题四选一,六选三或七选三题目中通常会说明正确答案的数目,所以审题很重要6Short-answer
6、questions简答题目指令对答案词数有要求,一般要求是NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. 答案必须出自原文7Completion task补全信息题目要求补全句子,表格,示意图或流程图中缺失的信息。答案不超过三个单词,要出自原文5. Reading skills (test purpose) skills What are you supposed to do?1Previewing迅速浏览文章的标题,副标题,小标题及大致结构,从而对文章有个总体感觉;快速辨认题型类别2Anticipating阅读时不应仅仅停留在当前所阅读的内容上,而应该对后面的信息进行预测和判断3Skim
7、ming为了抓住文章的中心思想或段落的主题,不需要逐词逐句地读,而要重点阅读起始段落和结束段落,每一段的第一个句子,以及段落中的关联词4Scanning如何能快速在文章中找到需要的信息取决与关键词的寻找。确定关键词后,要迅速扫描文章,搜索关键词,而不必完全理解所读内容。一旦找到关键词,要仔细阅读其前后的信息,达到正确理解。5Summarizing能够快速领悟出一个段落或一个句子核心信息 6. Reading techniques recommended 1用半分钟浏览三篇文章的标题以及其后的题目2先看题目,再看文章3一定要阅读每个题目的指令(如阅读范围,答案词数要求)4找到题目中的关键词:时间
8、,人名,地名,数字,斜体字,大写字,黑体字,括号,引号,划线部分,以及一些较长或者拼写比较特别的词5在文章中寻找关键词6仔细阅读包含关键词的句子以及其前后的句子,通常答案就在附近7按照题目的先后顺序在文章中顺次寻找答案(matching 题除外)7. How to prepare for IELTS Reading ModuleVocabulary: 不需要把大部分时间放在背单词上,更没必要死记硬背很多偏难怪的词。应该集中精力突破雅思阅读核心高频动词和主题高频词。Reading technique: 非常重要,一定要遵循技巧勤加练习Practice:每次做完题后一定要花时间做分析总结Read,
9、 read, read 8. 剑桥系列习题集的使用剑桥雅思系列的每一篇阅读文章起码要做够三遍第一遍,严格限时做题,进行模考演练,既能测试自己的水平,又能保持好的临战状态。第二遍,放松时间严格按照正确的步骤方法做题,并将每个题在文章中的依据标示出来,对于第一遍做错的题思考为什么做错,找出原因,思考以后如何改进做题方法;对于做对的题,也要思考自己做题是的判断依据和思考过程,加强答对题的思维和感觉。第三遍,把雅思阅读文章作为单词书使用,也就是把每篇文章里的高频核心动词和主题词汇总出来,这同时也是分析长难句的过程,经过这个分析句子理解记忆单词的过程,这个过程可以重复多遍,这样你的雅思阅读能力才会有实质
10、性的提高! Unit 2 Sentence comprehension (你会读句子吗?)句子理解包含三层境界,而只有达到第二层境界才算正确有效 第一层境界:能快速辨识出句子中至少70%的词汇或短语。 第二层境界:把句子中的散乱的词汇和短语的含义依照语法规则正确的连接贯通,最后提取出整个句子的整体含义。 第三层境界:一目十行且准确率为100% 成绩为5分及5分以下的同学仅达到了第一层境界。 只有把自己的境界提升到第二层及以上的同学才能达到6分以上 提高词汇量的最有效的方法 Golden rule No.1: 从阅读文章中来,到阅读文章中去。读文章的过程就是背单词的过程。 Golden rule
11、 No.2: 勤查词,查对词。 Golden rule No.3: 背了会忘是正常的,但只背一遍不愿意重复就不正常了。 *常见考试的词汇要求(仅供参考): 中考:15001600 高考: 30003500 CET4:40004500 CET6/考研: 55006000 TEM4:60007000 SAT:10000+ TEM8:1000012000 GMAT:12000+ IELTS/TOFEL:800015000+ GRE: 20000+怎么修炼第二层? 熟练运用语法!运用语法!语法!法! 英语语法体系概述语法是语言的结构体系。而英语的结构包含了四个层次,它们分别是第一层: 字母alphab
12、et A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z 通过这26个字母的无限的排列组合,形成了英语结构体系中的第二个层次第二层:单词word 英语单词根据不同的语法功能(即词性part of speech)可以分为十个类别类别名称 功能定义 例词名词Noun. 用来表示人和事物等的名称或表示某种行为,状态,品质等抽象概念的词week, theatre, seat, play, man,.
13、动词V. 用来表示人和事物等的动作或状态的词went(go), had(have), be动词, did(do), enjoy. 形容词adj. 用来表示人和事物的性质状态或特征的词。经常和名词搭配组合last, good, interesting, young,. 副词 adv. 用来表示动作或状态的方式,程度或动作发生的时间,地点等的词。经常和动词或形容词搭配组合very, loudly, angrily, again. 介词 prep. 用来和名词搭配组合,表示该名词与其他词或短语之间关系的词to, behind, round, at, in, of, because of, in fr
14、ont of. 连词 conj. 用来连接或引导单词,短语或句子的词and, but, or, because, so that, . 限定词determiner 用来限定名词或名词短语,表示泛指,特指,顺序,数量等的词a, an, the, this, first, Marys. 代词 pron. 用来代替名词,指称人,事物,时间,地点或抽象概念的词I, it, they, somebody, each other. 数词 Numeral 既可以发挥限定词的功能,又可发挥代词的功能one, two, three, . wh - 词 可用作疑问词,在疑问句中提出问题;可用作感叹词(what/h
15、ow)引导感叹句;可用作关系词引导定语从句;可用作从属连词,引导名词从句和状语从句what, which, who, why, how, whose, 每个单词都有自己固有的一个或多个词性,需要牢记;词性体现了这个词在句子中的功能特点。两个或两个以上的单词按照一定规则组合在一起,就构成了英语结构体系中的第三个层次第三层:短语phrase 由两个或多个单词按照一定规则排列组合而成的词组叫做短语(phrase)。短语可以由两个或多个词并列组成,也可以由多个词围绕一个中心词构成。根据并列的词或中心词词性的不同,短语可以分为以下几类: 1. 名词短语(noun phrase) We waited fo
16、r hours and hours. This is a very interesting story. 2. 代词短语(pronominal phrase) Between you and me, he is rather stupid. Waves rushed upon him one after another. 3. 动词短语 (verb phrase) We study English every day. Sam got up early to catch the train. Its no use crying over spilt milk. 4. 形容词短语 (adject
17、ive phrase) Roy lay on the ground, unable to move. They look extremely happy together. 5. 副词短语 (adverb phrase) Hes willing to help other people all the time. How often do the buses run? 6. 介词短语 (prepositional phrase) He is a man of great fortune. Your credit card is on the table. 7. 数词短语(numeral phr
18、ase) Two and two is four. Mark has two hundred and fifty dollars. .单词和短语按照一定规则排列组合在一起,就构成了英语结构体系中的第四个层次 第四层:句子Sentence概念:句子是含有主谓结构并且能表达完整意思的一组词。英语句子在形式上有两个特征:A.第一个词的第一个字母必须大写;B.句末必须有句号(.),问号(?)或感叹号(!)。分类:英语句子可以从两个方面进行分类1. 根据功能和用途分类 1) 陈述句,即用来陈述事实或表明说话人看法,态度等的句子。 They work very hard. He didnt tell yo
19、u the truth. 2) 疑问句,即用来提出问题的句子 Who broke the window? Do you speak English? 3) 祈使句,即用来表示指示,命令,请求等的句子 Dont close the door! Be quiet please. 4) 感叹句,即用来表示说话人强烈感情的句子。 What a strange story! How wonderful it would be!2. 根据句子复杂程度分类 1) 简单句 (Simple sentence), 即只含一个主谓结构的句子 Shes learning English and French at t
20、he same time. He doesnt have any working experience. 2) 并列句 (Compound sentence), 即由两个或多个简单句并列组成的句子 Steve is a teacher and his wife is a doctor. I was born in China, but I grew up in the US. 3) 复合句 (Complex sentence), 即含有一个或多个从句的句子 This is where she was born I can not find a book thats useful here. 4
21、) 并列复合句(compound-complex sentence),即并列句和复合句的结合 Sam said he would come, but he didnt because his mother was ill.重要概念:句子成分(sentence element)在句中起不同语法作用的词或短语等叫做句子成分。每个句子成分都由一种或几种词性的词或短语担当。英语里一个完整的句子所必不可少的成分是主语和谓语。句子成分可分为以下几类:主语 (subject) 表示整个句子要说明的是谁,什么等。例:Facts speak louder than words. John and Sherloc
22、k lived in 221B Baker Street. Swimming is a good exercise. 主语可由以下词类担当 类别举例1名词及其短语John and Mary got married yesterday.The problem needs immediate attention. 2代词及其短语Who is on the phone?Everybody in the room is wrong. 3数词及其短语Two thirds of them are college students. Two plus two makes four. 4不定式及其短语To k
23、now everything is to know nothing.It is unnecessary to invite all of them to the party. 5-ing分词及其短语Swimming is a good exercise.There is no telling when he will be back. 6名词化短语Marys is the largest house in the town.The accused proved to be innocent.The singing of the birds disturbed him.7主语从句Whoever
24、knows him respects him.It is imperative that we leave at once. 8复合结构These difficulties overcome makes the rest easy.Her hand in his gave him strength to speak. 9用作名词的词,短语,句子等“Through” is a preposition.“S” stands for “is” or “has”.“It doesnt matter” means “it isnt important”.谓语 (predicate) 是句中说明主语的部分
25、,表示主语做什么,怎么样,是谁等。谓语中主要的动词叫做谓语动词(predicate verb)。谓语动词具有人称,数,时态和语态的变化。谓语总是由动词即其短语表示。例:It is raining hard. They have not come yet. Were going to have a meeting.谓语可以根据构成分为: 类别名称 构成特点 举例简单谓语Simple predicate由一个动词或动词短语构成It is raining heavily.They have not come yet. 复合谓语Compound predicate情态动词+主动词(原形)We must
26、 work hard.You shouldnt have said so.助动词+主动词(原形)We have to work hard.Were going to have a meeting.连系动词+表语The garden looks beautiful.Sherlock proved a loyal and trustworthy friend to John Watson.表语 (predicative) 是系动词后面的部分,用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。例:Harry is Johns brother. Our school is very beautiful.表语可以由下列词类担
27、当 类别 举例1名词及其短语Benedict Cumberbatch is a famous star. My sister is a doctor.2代词及其短语Paul is not quite himself today.Thats all. 3数词及其短语My daughter is 9.The temperature is 20 degree.4形容词及其短语The artist has gone mad.Your story is fascinating.5不定式及其短语My intention is to help you.This magnificent palace is t
28、o die for. 6-ing 分词及其短语Time is sliping away.This is not playing games. 7-en分词及其短语The window is broken.The soldier is badly injured.8介词短语Your teacher is in the classroom now.Whos on duty today?9复合结构This is John speaking.Its all for one and one for all.10表语从句His only fault is that he lacks confidence.
29、Our attitude simply is that facts speak louder than words. 宾语 (object) 是一种补充成分,补充说明及物动词,介词和少数形容词,使之意思完整,是及物动词短语,介词短语和形容词短语的组成部分。宾语可以根据它们说明的词分为动词宾语,介词宾语和形容词宾语。例:The little girl wants a Teddy bear. They are sitting in front of the client. Im glad that you are back on time. 宾语可以由下列词类担当 类别 举例1名词及其短语I ne
30、ed a holiday.Nobody can answer the difficult question.2代词及其短语I dont believe you.I dont know anything about it.3数词及其短语The answer is 7.The company laid off one-third of the workers.4不定式及其短语I want to talk business.I was told not to do it. 5-ing分词短语Do you mind closing the window?The girls enjoys going s
31、hopping.6名词性短语We respect the righteous, despise the wicked. They healed the wounded and rescued the dying. 7复合结构宾语+宾语补语I saw him go out. He found Sherlock lying on the floor. 8宾语从句I dont care what he said about me. We are to prove that we have the capacity to finish this task. *单宾动词带一个宾语,即直接宾语(direc
32、t object);双宾动词带两个宾语,即一个间接宾语(indirect object)和一个直接宾语;复合宾语动词带复合宾语(complex object),即宾语+宾语补语。补语 (complement) 是用来补充说明其他句子成分的成分。补语分为两种:宾语补语(用来补充说明宾语是什么,怎么样或做什么)例:America elected Obama the new President. I found the task much more difficult. 主语补语(用来补充说明主语是什么,怎么样或做什么)例:The mountain climber was found badly i
33、njured. You are too tired . 补语可以由下列词类担当 类别 举例1名词及其短语They elected John chairman.The volunteers consider it their duty to help others.2形容词及其短语We found him dependable.The committee consider him highly qualified.3代词及其短语I regard it something we shall never do. What do you call it in English?4不定式及其短语I enc
34、ouraged her to try again.This book helped me to see the truth. 5-ing分词及其短语You can not leave the machine running while you are away.I found him working in the garden.6-en分词及其短语I dont want it mentioned.You should make your voice heard by people around you. 7介词短语Please make yourself at home.The authori
35、ty revealed the result in favor of Obama.8副词及其短语Let him in.Professor Smith is here to help us through.9补语从句You can call me what you like.Wed better leave things as they are. 定语 (attribute) 用来修饰或限定名词或代词的成分。例:Hes rented a delightful house. We had a face-to-face conversation.定语的分类定语可以根据它们和被修饰的名词或代词的位置分
36、为前置定语和后置定语定义举例前置定语(pre-attribute)即位于被修饰的名词之前的定语a yellow sports shirtthe dirty old brown coat后置定语(post-attribute)即位于被修饰的名词或代词之后的定语The visitor is a man in his thirties.I have something important to tell you.The man who told you that must be a liar.* 当一个名词短语含有两个或多个描绘形容词作前置定语时,和名词关系越密切的形容词越接近名词。通常按以下顺序排
37、列:一般特征 大小,长短,高低 形状,年龄,新旧,颜色 式样,状态 基本特征 a dirty old white shirt a beautiful large green carpet a small round old brown table 定语可由下列词,短语,从句等表示 类别 举例1限定词a book, the hospital, my brother, this house2形容词及其短语a good book, a great victory, a long and tedious story3名词及其短语a flower garden, a wood cottage, the
38、chemistry teacher4数词及其短语two miles, the second lesson, one or two days5不定式及其短语Cathy has no one to help her.I have two books to read.6-ing分词及其短语a swimming pool, the reading room, There is someone knocking at the door.7-en分词及其短语A broken glass, a retired teacher, We bought a TV set imported from Japan.8
39、介词及其短语His days at school, a journey to the west, a person of importance9定语从句Do you know the man who is speaking now?Its a movie that you should not miss. 状语 (adverbial) 用来修饰或限定句中的动词,形容词,副词或整个句子。例:We did not go very far. The soldier walks slowly but steadily.状语可以由以下词或短语担当 类别 举例1副词及其短语David was badly
40、injured.Sherlock walked up and down in the living room.2介词短语Ill be back in a few minutes.They all voted for Jack.3名词及其短语The wall is 15 feet high.They were working day and night.4不定式及其短语Tessa stopped to rest for a while.To take care of her daughter, she has to get home earlier.5-ing分词及其短语She went hom
41、e, feeling bad about the rest result.The kite went up flying out of sight. 6-en分词及其短语Discouraged by his failure, the student stopped trying. Sherlock entered the crime scene, followed by John.7形容词及其短语Happy with the result, he stopped complaining.Right or wrong, this is the only answer he knows.8状语从句
42、You must stay where you are.Brain always waits till I come back.9独立结构Tim being absent, nothing could be done.The question being settled, everybody was happy. *独立结构(absolute construction)是一种用作状语的复合结构。该结构由两部分构成:第一部分是逻辑主语,由名词及其等同语表示,第二部分是逻辑谓语,通常由非限定动词及其短语表示。形式举例1名词(代词)及短语+ -ing分词及短语Tim being absent, no
43、thing could be done.The clock having struck, we had to go.2名词(代词)及短语+ -en分词及短语He ran into the room, his face and hands covered with mud.Situation changed, you must make a new plan.3名词(代词)及短语+ 不定式及其短语All his money was left to his children, each to receive an equal share.Im sending you half of the sum
44、, the rest to follow in a week.4名词(代词)及短语+ 形容词及其短语His blog now famous, he felt pleased with himself.His face pale with rage, John rose to hit Sherlock on the nose.5名词(代词)及短语+ 介词短语Linda sat silently in a corner, her hands over her eyes.The whole meeting in disorder, the chairman stepped out of the ro
45、om.6名词(代词)及短语+ 副词及其短语Dinner over, they decided to play poker.Christmas only days away, the country is filled with excitement.同位语 (appositive) 是句中的一种特殊成分。用来补充说明或进一步解释句中的词或短语。最常见的同位语是名词或名词短语。例:Sherlocks flatmate John is a doctor. I enjoy my job, teaching English.独立成分 (independent element) 是指与句子中其他成分没有
46、语法联系的部分,通常用逗号和其他成分隔开。独立成分虽然在语法上“独立”,但在意义上和句子其余部分有密切联系。 例:Honestly, I dont like the idea. They are, in my opinion, very nice. 子句(clause)是用来担当另一个句子中的一个成分的句子。子句可可分为三类:1) 分句(coordinate clause) 两个或两个以上分句并列构成并列句 I said it and I meant it. John is not rich, but he is happy.2) 从句(subordinate clause) 从句从属于另一个
47、句子(即主句)并担当主句中的一个成分。所以根据从句在主句中所担当的成分,从句可分为以下几类:主语从句(subject clause)What he said is true.Its important that we take immediate action about the crisis.表语从句(predicative clause)The fact is that I was not there. Thats how it should be done.宾语从句 (object clause)Do you know who he is?We are sure that our tea
48、m will win. 同位语从句 (appositive clause)I had a feeling that therell be a storm soon.There is no doubt that he is telling the truth. 补语从句 (complement clause)Her mother has made her what she is. You can call me whatever you want.定语从句 (attributive clause)One who works hard deserves to succeed.There are t
49、imes when bad things just happen unexpectedly.状语从句 (adverbial clause)Where there is a will, there is a way. Whenever she makes mistakes, she feels really bad about herself. 主句(main clause)。指带有一个或多个从句的子句。 Sam said that he would come. This is the man who saved Johns life. *句子成分汇总表句子成分可担当该成分的词或短语基本成分主语
50、 subject代词,名词,数词,动名词,动词不定式,各类短语,从句谓语动词宾语代词,名词,数词,动名词,动词不定式,各类短语,从句补足语(主语补足语,宾补)代词,名词,形容词,各类短语附属成分定语(前置定语,后置定语)形容词,名词,分词(现在分词/过去分词),各类短语,从句状语(时间,地点,方式,原因,结果,条件,伴随等)副词,名词,介词短语,其它各类短语,从句同位语名词,名词短语,名词从句独立成分固定短语 none of your business 这些成分之间都相互之间有固定的关系和搭配规律,顺序不能按照中文的方式排列。句型 (五种基本句型和两种特殊句型) 1. 五种基本句型 1) SV
51、 (Subject主语+Verb谓语动词) Everybody laughed They have arrived. (特点:句中的动词应是不及物动词) 2) SVO (Subject主语+Verb谓语动词+Object宾语) Lucy has blue eyes. The garden needs watering. (特点:句中动词是及物动词,英语中绝大多数动词都适用于这一句型) 3) SVP (Subject主语+ Verb谓语动词 + Predicative表语) The middle-aged man is a teacher They are happy together. (特点
52、:句中动词一般是Be 动词或其它系动词) 4) SVOO (Subject主语+Verb谓语动词+Indirect Object间接宾语+Direct Object直接宾语) My company offers us a good working environment. The dress cost me a fortune. 5) SVOC (Subject 主语+ Verb谓语动词+Object宾语+Object Complement宾语补足语) You can leave the door open. Machines make work much easier.两种特殊句型 1) 存
53、在句(existential sentence)其结构为:There (形式主语)+be(谓语动词)+主语+其他成分There is a computer on the desk.There are three kids in the room. 2) 强调句,即一种用于强调的特殊句型 其结构为:It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who+其他句子成分 It was I who saw him in the park yesterday. It was in the park that I saw him yesterday. 纵观这四个层次的结构体系可知道:英语语法的关键在于“排列
54、组合”。第一层的内部排列组合形成第二层内容;第二层成员间的排列组合形成了第三层内容;而第二层和第三层成员间的排列组合最终形成了第四层内容。 Unit 3 各题型解答技巧一. Headings (标题匹配)1. 题型要求:文章由若干段话组成,要求给每段话找个小标题。选项的数目往往大大多于文章中段落的数目,有很多干扰选项,假如文章有五段话,选项的数目很可能是十个,甚至十二个。2.解题步骤(1)先将例子所在的选项从选项列表中划去,同时,不读例子所在的段落。例子所在的段落已经给出了小标题,所以不必阅读该段落了,以免浪费时间,直接从下一段读起。(2)不要先看选项,而要从文章入手,读一段话,做一道题。(3
55、)读每段话时,要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇。正确答案常常是主题句的改写。通常情况下集中阅读理解段落里的第一句,第二句和最后一句就能找到答案,但如果这样还是找不到正确答案,则就需要阅读整段话了。根据统计,段落的主题句在第一句的可能性超过50%,段落的主题句在第二句的可能性超过20%,段落的主题句在最后一句的可能性超过20%。也就是说,按照上述方法做这种题型,读完该段话的第一句,就能在选项列表中找出该段话的Heading, 这种可能性超过50%。整段话都需要阅读的可能性不到10%。(4) 某段话的答案确定后,将它的选项从选项列表中划去。*NOTICE(1)举例子的句子不会是主题句(2)干扰选项的
56、特点是:段落中未展开说明的细节。(3)如果主题句比较复杂(如复合句),应重点看主句部分。(4)如果主题句中有show和suggest等词,应重点看其后的宾语从句。show和suggest是“表明”、“说明”的意思,其后的宾语从句往往是要说明的观点,是该段的主旨。(5) 如果主句是not onlybut also句型,应重点看but also后面的部分。not onlybut also的意思是“不仅而且”,常用来承上启下。not only的后面是“承上”,即上一段主旨,but also 后面的部分是“启下”,即本段的主旨。所以重点看but also后面的部分。(6)问句不会是主题句问句通常作为引
57、题,是过度性的句子。二MATCHING匹配题Matching(匹配题)是IELTS 最常考的题型之一,同时也最消耗时间。因为匹配题题目的顺序和原文的顺序是不一致的,所以通读一遍原文一般是不可避免的。 匹配题本身有分为四种类型:细节信息和它在文中所出现的段落匹配,人物和其观点或成就的匹配、从属关系匹配题、因果关系匹配题。不同类型的搭配题有不同的解题方法,类型题目细节信息与它在文中所出现的段落匹配P43, P43, P69, P73, P93人物和其观点或成就的匹配P47, P94因果关系的匹配P52从属关系的匹配细节信息与它在文中所出现的段落匹配1 题型要求 测试考生快速在文中定位细节的能力2
58、解题步骤(1)先把题目从头到尾看一遍,尽可能多记些关键词。做这种题,通读一遍原文一般是不可避免的,但最好只读一遍原文。能做到这点的前提是:在读原文之前,先把题目从头到尾看一遍,记住尽可能多的题目中关键词。这样,在读文章时,就知道要找什么东东。这一步是做这种题型的关键,否则,就会造成反复地读原文,浪费时间。(2)从头到尾快速阅读原文,遇到所记住的关键词或其对应词,当即解答该题。如果关键词是专用名词或很生僻的词,一般在原文中出现的就是该词本身,否则会有同义词或同义表述的对应。所以即使记不住,在阅读原文时,可以采用边读文章边看题目的方法。因为在读原文之前,已把题目从头到尾看了一遍,所以最好只读一遍文
59、章就能做出绝大多数的题目。比如一组6个题目,能找到4-5个。(3)解答没有匹配上的题目。由于有的关键词没有记住,或者有的与原文没有对应上。读完一遍文章后,有的题目没有找出来。对于这种情况可以有如下的解决办法: A)如果有印象在文章的某个部位,阅读原文的该部分,确定答案。 B) 如果没有一点印象,但时间比较充裕,再快速读一遍原文,寻找这几个题的答案。 C) 如果没有一点印象,而且时间比较紧张,可以放弃。作者及其观点匹配题1. 题型要求在原文中,就一个主题,若干人或组织提出了若干个观点,题目要求将观点与其提出者(作者)搭配。这种题型一般比较难,主要表示现在:没有顺序性,即题目的顺序与原文的顺序是不
60、一致的。文章题材多样,有的比较偏。作者提出的观点一般比较抽象,不好理解。文章句式复杂。一般句子都比较长,有很多都是复合句、并列复合句、多重复合句。2. 解题步骤(1)在原文中将作者及其观点用线划出。作者的名字都包含大写字母,所以一般都比较好找。他的观点在他的名字之前或者之后。(2)看题目的第一个观点,最好读懂它的意思,或者找出其中几个关键词。(3)将此观点与原文划线处一一对应。意思相同的或关键词对应上的即为答案。答案确定后,在原文观点处写上此题的题号。原文的每个观点只能与一个题目相对应,所以将已经与某题目对应的观点做上标记,在做其它题目时,就不用看这个观点了。(4) 依此方法做其它题目。NOT
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