2019年高考英语选修8-章节知识点汇总-练习附答案

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业专心-专注-专业精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业（5套）2019年高考英语选修8 章节知识点汇总 练习附答案.单句语法填空1They are likely _ (fire) by the company just because of their fault.答案：to be firedSb. be likely to do sth. “某人可能做某事”。主语they与fire之间为被动关系，故应填不定式的被动形式。2The majority of the interviewees _ (prefer) watchi

2、ng TV at home to going to the cinema.答案：preferthe majority of . 作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。由interviewees可知谓语动词应用复数形式。3It suddenly occurred _ him that he should adopt the homeless child.答案：toIt (suddenly) occurred/occurs to sb. that . “某人突然想起某事”。4Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive _ (pun

3、ish)答案：punishment句中动词receive后缺宾语，故应填名词punishment作宾语。5We should not have _ (race) discrimination.答案：racial句中缺少一形容词来修饰名词discrimination, 故填racial “种族的”。6She became the first black woman _ (elect) to the Senate.答案：to be elected当名词或代词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，则常用动词不定式来充当其后置定语，且elect与black woman之间为被动关系，故填to be elected

4、。7He couldnt express himself correctly _ means of words.答案：byby means of . “借助于；用；通过方法”。8She _ (slip) out of the house before the others were awake.答案：slipped句意：她趁别人还没醒，溜出了房子。分析句子结构可知该空为句子的谓语动词，由从句中动词时态were可知，应用一般过去时。9_ (hire) a car, you must produce a passport and a current driving license.答案：To hi

5、re句意：若想租车，你需要出示护照及当前驾照。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。10By the time she knew the news, John _ (fly) to America.答案：had flown由By the time引导的从句的时态为一般过去时可知，主句应用过去完成时，故应填had flown。.单句改错1This is believed that hard work can lead to success._答案：ThisIt It is believed that . “人们相信”，其中it为形式主语。2An idea occurred me when I was wa

6、lking in the park._答案：occurred后加tosth. occurs/occurred to sb. “某人突然想起某事”。3A great many of people gain a great deal of information from the Internet._答案：去掉第一个ofa great/good many直接修饰可数名词复数，只有当名词前有限定词the/these/those/ones等时，才用a great/good many of短语。4We regret to inform you that our company has hired on

7、another girl for the job of secretary._答案：去掉onhire “雇用；租用”，为及物动词，后面不需加介词。5They will carry out the plan in this means._答案：inbyby this means “用这种方法”。.语法填空Creativity is a mysterious idea. We seem _1_ (feel) that some people are naturally creative, but we dont know how they got that way. Is creativity a

8、 natural gift, or is _2_ something that can _3_ (acquire)? Perhaps if we analyze the creative process _4_ (careful), we might get some insight (洞察力) into what it is and _5_ it might work in our lives. The creative process has always been accepted as the source of all important work in the arts, but

9、we should not think the creativity plays a part only in the arts. Every major scientific discovery began with someone _6_ (imagine) the world differently from the way others saw it. And this is _7_ creativity is all about. And despite what you may believe about the limits of your own creative imagin

10、ation, we all have the potential to imagine the world in _8_ absolutely new way. In fact, you are born _9_ it. And whats more, you use it every day. Its your creative mind _10_ gets meaning from chaos of experiences and brings order to your world.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文

11、。创造力是天生的才华，还是后天也可以获得？本文就这一话题展开了讨论。1to feel 考查非谓语动词。我们感觉似乎某些人天生具有创造力。seem to do sth.“似乎要做某事”。2it 考查代词。创造力是天生的才华，还是后天也可以习得的？这里用it指代creativity。3be acquired 考查被动语态。先行词something和acquire之间是被动关系，又因为情态动词can后要用动词原形，故此空填be acquired。4carefully 考查词性转换。也许如果我们仔细分析创造的过程，我们就会洞察到什么是创造力，它是如何在我们的生活中起作用的。这里用副词修饰动词analy

12、ze。5how 考查特殊疑问词。此处表述创造力是如何在我们生活中起作用的。由语义可知填how。6imagining 考查with的复合结构。每次重大的科学发现都以某个人以不同于其他人的方式看待这个世界开始。此处为“with宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此空填imagining。7what 考查名词性从句的连接词。创造力就是用一种新的方式想象世界。空格处引导表语从句并在从句中作介词about的宾语，故填连接代词what。8an 考查冠词。我们都有这种潜能，用一种全新的方式想象这个世界。absolutely的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an，表泛指。9with 考查

13、介词。事实上，你天生具有创造力。be born with “生而具有”。10that 考查强调句。正是创造性思维使得你从混乱的经历中找到意义，给你的世界带来秩序。由强调句基本结构“It is/was被强调部分that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)其他部分”可确定答案。.短文改错Dear Jack，Im sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but which worries me most is that you are in low spirit when facing failure.As senior th

14、ree students, we all had taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success. It is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to analyzing the cause of failure, which can help us escape repeating the similar mistakes.

15、 Only when we figure out why we fail can we make a progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good for you. It can give you some time to be refreshing in not only the body but also the mind so that we can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently.I hope

16、 all of the above can help you a lot. Lets work hardly together and turn our dream into reality.Yours，Li Hua答案：Dear Jack，Im sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but eq o(which,sdo15(what) worries me most is that you are in low eq o(spirit,sdo15(spirits) when facing failure.As s

17、enior three students, we all eq o(had,sdo15(have) taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success. eq o(It,sdo15(There) is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to eq o(analyzing,sdo15(analyze) the cause of fa

18、ilure, which can help us escape repeating the similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make eq o( eq o(a,),sdo15() progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good eq o(for,sdo15(to) you. It can give you some time to be eq o(refreshing,sdo15(refre

19、shed) in not only the body but also the mind so that eq o(we,sdo15(you) can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently.I hope all of the above can help you a lot. Lets work eq o(hardly,sdo15(hard) together and turn our dream into reality.Yours，Li Hua难项分析：第一处：whichwhat考查主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，

20、but连接两个并列句，其后不是定语从句，故不能用which引导；连接词引导主语从句，表示“所的事”，故用what。第二处：spiritspirits考查名词的数。in low spirits为固定词组，意为“情绪低落”。第四处：ItThere考查固定句式。There is no doubt that . “毫无疑问，”，是固定句型。.单句语法填空1She was forced _ (retire) early from teaching because of ill health.答案：to retirebe forced to do . “被迫做”；retire “退休”。2Many loc

21、al people _(object) to the building of the new airport.答案：objectedobject to . “反对”。3It wont make much _(differ) whether you go today or tomorrow.答案：difference由空前的much可知应填名词difference。make a/no/some/much difference 表示“有/没有/有些/有很大影响/作用/关系”。4He owes his success more _luck than _ ability.答案：to; toowe .

22、to . “把归功于”。5Alcohol acts on the brain, so drivers are forbidden_ (drink) it when they drive a car.答案：to drinkbe forbidden to do . “被禁止做某事”。6_(strike) by strong snowstorms, the area faced a severe water and electricity shortage.答案：Struck过去分词短语在该句中作原因状语。7The question _will take his place is still not

23、 clear.答案：whowho引导同位语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“的人”，从句说明question的内容。8The advantage is _the cost of this method is low.答案：that设空处引导表语从句在从句中不作成分，无语义，只起连接作用，故填that。9I cant _(undertake) that you will win in the election.答案：undertake由空前的情态动词can可知应填动词原形。I cant undertake that . “我无法承诺”。10You can use my computer on cond

24、ition _ you return it tomorrow.答案：thaton condition that . “条件是；只要”。.单句改错1The story he told the police differed in the one he told his mother._答案：infromdiffer from . “和不同”。2Owed to her assistance, we succeeded in starting the engine._答案：OwedOwingowing to . “因为；由于”，为固定用法。3It suddenly struck to me that

25、 we should make a new plan._答案：去掉toIt strikes sb. that . “某人突然想起”。4My mother makes a promise if I passed the exam, she would buy me a watch._答案：promise后加that该句为that引导的同位语从句，that虽不作成分，但也不能省略。5Encouraging by the speech, the young man made up his mind to take up the struggle._答案：EncouragingEncouraged主语

26、the young man 与encourage之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语。.语法填空The truth_1_trees are vital to our life is not a secret. They provide us with food, wood and most _2_(important), oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this listblocking out harmful bacteria from water.The discovery _3_(make) by a team cons

27、isting of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students_4_were seeking a natural water filterone that would help communities in developing countries that do not have _5_(accessible) to modern water filter systems.The _6_(research), led by Professor Rohit Ka

28、rnik, decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liquid to flow through, while blocking out air bubbles.They began by cutting 1.5inchwide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people related then tested the woods filtering ability by _7_(pour) water contai

29、ning red dye particles of different sizes through. To their _8_(amaze), they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles. _9_(encourage), the team conducted _10_experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing onl

30、y 1% to flow through.1_2._3._4._5._ 6._7._ 8._ 9._10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。树木对人类至关重要，本文通过两个实验证明了树木除了能够提供食物、木材、氧气等作用外，还能够隔离细菌。1that 考查同位语从句的连接词。第1空后的内容解释说明名词truth的内容，因此设空处引导同位语从句，只起连接作用，不作成分。故填that。2Importantly 考查词性转换。此处表示“最重要的是”，应用副词形式，构成固定短语most importantly，故填importantly。3was made 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处动

31、词在句中作谓语。根据全文主体时态为一般过去时可知，该句也应用一般过去时；make与discovery之间为动宾关系，故应用被动语态。4who/that 考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是scientists and high school students，指人，故用who或that引导。5access 考查词性转换。have access to为固定短语，意为“有使用的机会”。6researchers 考查词性转换及名词的数。根据本句中的decided to可知，设空处应填名词作句子主语，指“研究人员”，且由从句中的they可知，故应用复数形式research

32、ers。7pouring 考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词pour，空前为介词by，其后应用动名词。故填pouring。8amazement 考查固定用法。“to ones名词”为固定用法，意为“令某人的是”，故填amazement。9Encouraged 考查非谓语动词。encourage与主语the team之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式，在句中作原因状语。10another 考查限定词。根据第10空后的内容可知，这个小组又做了另外一个实验，故填another，意为“另一个”。.短文改错This is my fifth day at the summer camp. Life is

33、nt exact what I expected. We have to get up early to make our beds before our teacher Miss Li come to inspect. After breakfast, we have some of free time. Yesterday morning I went fishing, but the only thing I catch was a tree branch. In the afternoon, there are different activity like horseback rid

34、ing and hiking. Theyre fun, so nothing new for me. In the evening, everyone is assigned a different task to get dinner ready. Yesterday, I was in charge of prepare the hot dogs, but I accidentally dropped it in the fire. The best part of camp is at night, where we sit around a campfire and tell stor

35、ies.答案：This is my fifth day at the summer camp. Life isnt eq o(exact,sdo14(exactly) what I expected. We have to get up early to make our beds before our teacher Miss Li eq o(come,sdo14(comes) to inspect. After breakfast, we have some eq o( eq o(of,),sdo14() free time. Yesterday morning I went fishin

36、g, but the only thing I eq o(catch,sdo14(caught) was a tree branch. In the afternoon, there are different eq o(activity,sdo14(activities) like horseback riding and hiking. Theyre fun, eq o(so,sdo14(but) nothing new for me. In the evening, everyone is assigned a different task to get dinner ready. Ye

37、sterday, I was in charge of eq o(prepare,sdo14(preparing) the hot dogs, but I accidentally dropped eq o(it,sdo14(them) in the fire. The best part of eq o(,sdo14(the) camp is at night, eq o(where,sdo14(when) we sit around a campfire and tell stories.难项分析：第一处：exactexactly考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词应用副词。第六处：sobut考查连

38、词。前后两分句之间为转折关系，故用but。第十处：wherewhen考查定语从句的引导词。此处先行词为at night，关系词指代先行词且在从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导。.单句语法填空1Some people say that classical music _(associate) only with old people.答案：is associatedbe associated with . “与有关”。2Though we are living a better life, I cant bear _(see) food thrown away.答案：seeingcant be

39、ar doing . “不能忍受做某事”。3What was it that distinguished her _her classmates?答案：fromdistinguish . from . “把与区分/辨别开”。4We must always bear in mind _China is a big country with a huge population.答案：thatbear in mind that . “记住”。5The service offers young people _(practice) advice on finding a job.答案：practica

40、l此处应用形容词修饰其后的名词advice。practical “实用的；实际的；实践的”。6We all have an _(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.答案：expectation由空前的冠词可知应填名词。7In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and _ (seize) opportunities can one succeed.答案：seizing该句为“only状语”位于句首引起倒装的句式。face与seize为and连接的两个并列成分，且均作b

41、y的宾语，故由facing可知应填seizing。8It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.答案：that该句为含有not until的强调句。由该句型“It is/wasnot until .that其他”可知，应填that。9She _(tap) me on the shoulder but I didnt feel it.答案：tapped由but连接并列成分可知，设空处动词在句中作谓语；且后面并列句的谓语为didnt .，所以空格处也应用一般过去时，应填tapped。10Prices

42、 of daily goods _ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.答案：bought过去分词短语在句中作后置定语修饰goods。.单句改错1The sound of seagulls called on happy memories of his childhood holidays._答案：onupcall up “使回忆起；给打电话”。2The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss._答案：

43、去掉第二个theout of order “发生故障；次序颠倒”。3After a short while, the boys set out doing their homework._答案：outabout或doingto doset about doing . set out to do . “着手/开始做”。4The boy knock down by the car was immediately taken to the nearby hospital._答案：knockknocked过去分词短语在句中作后置定语，修饰the boy, 表被动，故应把knock改为knocked。5

44、The teachers abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening._答案：abruptlyabrupt修饰动名词短语ending speaking应用形容词，故将abruptly改为abrupt。.语法填空They survive in some of the coldest environments in the worldbut even penguins appreciate a warm woolly jumper (套头毛衣) once in a

45、while.The mini knitted garments have helped save hundreds of flightless birds caught _1_oil leaks, providing protection from the elements and stopping them from swallowing _2_(poison) pollution.Knits for Nature, a program run by the Penguin Foundation, _3_ conserves the little penguin population of

46、Phillip Island, 140 km southeast of Melbourne, _4_(create) up to 300 different designs over the yearsand it is all thanks to talented volunteers. “Theres a lot of _5_ (hide) creativity out there，” said Lyn Blom, of Phillip Island Nature Park.“People love to know that theyre helping the penguins _6_

47、theyre so cute and small and they waddle up the beach and theyre so strong. But they need to be, for they live in _7_pretty tough sort of environment.”A thumbnailsized patch of oil can kill little penguins, the _8_ (small) of the species, measuring just 13 inches (33 cm) and weighing 2.2 lbs (1kg).

48、The oil separates and mats their feathers, breaking natural waterproof and heating functions.Ms Blom estimates _9_she has knitted between 200 and 300 penguin jumpers over the years, including _10_in the colours of every Australian football team in the country.1_2._3._4._5._ 6._7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：

49、本文是一篇记叙文。Ms Blom编织的迷你毛衣成功拯救了数百只企鹅，能防止它们接触到石油中的微量元素，甚至误食有毒的污染物。1in 考查介词。这里是“be caught in”的固定搭配，意思为“被困于中”。文中是过去分词短语作定语修饰flightless birds。2poisonous 考查词性转换。poisonous作为形容词修饰其后面的名词。3which 考查定语从句的引导词。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the Penguin Foundation，并在从句中作主语，故用which。4has created 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“over the years”可知这里用

50、现在完成时，句子的主语是一个名为Knits for Nature的项目，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数。5hidden 考查非谓语动词。creativity是名词，其前要用形容词修饰，动词hide与creativity之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。此处为过去分词转化而来的形容词作定语。6because 考查连词。“theyre so cute and small and they waddle up the beach and theyre so strong”是“People love to know that theyre helping the penguins”的原因，故用beca

51、use引导原因状语从句。7a 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且pretty的读音是以辅音音素开头的，故用a。a pretty tough sort of environment表示的是“一种相当恶劣的环境”。8smallest 考查形容词的最高级。根据上下文语境和空前的the可知这里应该用最高级。9that 考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子成分可知，空处引导宾语从句作estimates的宾语，宾语从句中句意和成分完整，故用that。10those考查代词。those指代前面所说的penguin jumpers。.短文改错School English Drama Club was selecting a

52、ctors and actresses for the drama The Million Pound Bank Note. It is famous short story writing by the American author Mark Twain. The selection, that is in the charge of Mr Smith, will be made at the school hall in May 20th, 2018.Any student at our school who meets with the following criteria will

53、be offered a chance to become an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and interested performances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More important, he or she should have read the short story and is familiar with the whole story.Thank you for your atten

54、tions.答案：School English Drama Club eq o(was,sdo14(is) selecting actors and actresses for the drama The Million Pound Bank Note. It is eq o(,sdo14(a) famous short story eq o(writing,sdo14(written) by the American author Mark Twain. The selection, eq o(that,sdo14(which) is in the charge of Mr Smith, w

55、ill be made at the school hall eq o(in,sdo14(on) May 20th, 2018.Any student at our school who meets eq o(with,) eq o( eq o(with,),sdo14() the following criteria will be offered a chance to become an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and eq o(interested,sdo14(interesting) perf

56、ormances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More eq o(important,sdo14(importantly)， he or she should have read the short story and eq o(is,sdo14(be) familiar with the whole story.Thank you for your eq o(attentions,sdo14(attention).难项分析：第三处：writingwritten考查非谓语动词。write与story之

57、间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处需用过去分词作后置定语，表示“由Mark Twain所著/所写”。第四处：thatwhich考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The selection。注意：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。第九处：isbe考查情态动词的用法。and连接的两个并列成分均位于情态动词should后，需用动词原形，故此处改为be。.单句语法填空1We had no _ (hesitate) in helping the sufferers when the terrible earthquake hit the coun

58、try.答案：hesitationhave no hesitation in doing . “毫不犹豫地做”。2_ (classify) so many books in libraries usually takes them lots of time.答案：Classifying句子中缺少主语，且指一般性情况，故应填动名词classifying，在句中作主语。3Generally _ (speak), youths of eighteen are too young for such work.答案：speakinggenerally speaking “一般来说”。4What you

59、said has led to the _(mistake) belief that smoking is not harmful.答案：mistaken修饰名词belief应用形容词，故填mistaken “错误的”。5The school makes it clear that essays from online should not be passed off _being written by the students.答案：aspass . off as . “把看作或冒充成”。6_if we invited them to come here for a party instea

60、d?答案：What固定句式what if “倘使/如果将会怎样？”。7Parents should teach their children to behave _(proper) in public.答案：properly此处应用副词来修饰动词behave, 故填properly。8They made rude _(remark) about her appearance.答案：remarksmake remarks/a remark about . “对发表评论”。9The information you gathered is _ great help to me.答案：of“of抽象名