esavs超声课程中文课件1键盘知识和伪影

1、Knobology& Artifacts键盘知识和伪影Wm Tod Drost, DVMDiplomate, American College of Veterinary RadiologyAssote Professor and Head, Radiology ServiceThe Ohio Se UniversityKnobology键盘知识Studying the controls for theultrasound machine学习如何运用B超仪器的键盘Buttons or knobs按钮或旋钮We will review the most commonlyused knobs学习最

2、常用的旋钮EsaoteMyLab 30 GoldMachine On/Off开/关仪器Turns machine on and off开/关仪器Patient Data Input患者资料输入Opens screen for animal identification开屏幕输入动物Use keyboard for data entry用键盘输入数据Use this button when study is finished检查结束是用这个按钮Probe/Transducer Selection探头选择Allows user to change ultrasound probes/transdu

3、cer可以选择探头Switch from curvilinear array to linear array从曲线阵切换到线阵ECG Electrocardiogram ECG 心电图Displays ECG tracing if leads are connected to the patient如果连接到患者，可以显示心电图Use for echocardiography用于心动超声EsaoteMyLab 30 GoldTransducer Frequency探头频率Freq FrequencyFreq 频率Changes frequency of transducer改变探头的频率 Hi

4、gher frequency gives better resolution高频率的更细节清晰 Lower frequency for better depth低频率的深度深Image Depth图像深度Adjusts how faro the patientis displayed onthe screen调整被检在点屏幕上的深度Track Ball轨迹球Once image frozen, move track ball to review last few frames一旦图像冻结用轨迹球去找刚检查的图Find best image找最佳图像Use to place words on s

5、creen用于在屏幕上输入字母 Guides calipers formeasurements引导卡尺测量Computer mouse buttons on either side两边按钮的鼠标Left mouseRight mouseImage Freeze冻结图像Changes display screen from real-time display tosic image将屏幕上的实时动画转换成静态图像Prepare to store images用于准备图像Measure structures测量EsaoteMyLab 30 GoldImage Store图像Saves sic im

6、age to thecomputer hard drive在电脑硬盘中图像Measurement data saved too测Saves保存量的图像clips of exam3-6 seconds of data3-6秒的Gain增益Turn wheel to adjust the gain旋转该按钮调整增益Amplifies or dampens the returning echoes增强或减弱回声Overall Gaoo High总增益过高Overall Gaoo Low总增益过低Gain Correct正确的增益er 声波Controls theensity ofthe ultras

7、ound beamt is emitted from the transducer控制传感器发出的声波的强度Set as low assible forbest resolution设置尽可能低的范围er Sound WaveDisplay mode显示模式M-modeM型Motion mode运功曲线Echocardiography超声心动图B-modeB型Brightness mode亮度Push this button to return to B-mode from other modes按这个按钮从B型转换到其他模式M-mode M型IVSLVLVFWIVS erventricula

8、r septum室间隔LV left ventricleLVFW left ventricular free wall游离壁B-mode Image B型图像EsaoteMyLab 30 GoldMeasurement Calipers卡尺测量For measuring distance用于测量距离Results displayed on the screen测量结果会展现在屏幕上B-mode Image B型超声图像Measurements测量Allows the user to draw around a structure to measure the perimeter and det

9、ermine the area可以围绕被检物体一圈来测量周长和来确定区域大小Labeling images图像Annot Annoe注释Allows the user to type onthe screen to label structures可以在屏幕上输入注释 DopplerCW Continuous wave连续波PW Pulsed wave脉冲波CFM Color flow彩色流Time Gain Compensation TGC增益补偿 TGCUser adjusts gain at specific depths在特殊深度的时候调整增益Slide to right to inc

10、rease gain; to left to decrease gain滑到右边是增强增益；滑到左边是减少增益Time Gain Compensation TGC增益补偿 TGCTGC Changed TGC 改变的TGC Incorrect Adjustment TGC不恰当的调整Top too bright Bottom too darkArtifacts伪影RadiographyX线Hinder evaluation of image as they mimic disease or prevent identificationof les相似病变很难评估或很难鉴别病灶Ultrasoun

11、dB超Often contribute to imagereion 通常有利于图像解释Distal Acoustic Shadowing远端回声阴影Sound waves return from a highlyreflective surface instead of continuing deeper声波从高反射的面反射回来，而不是继续前进Black area deep to the highly reflective surface在高反射的深处出现黑域Acoustic Shadow声波声影Acoustic Shadow声波声影Distal Acoustic Enhancement远端声

12、波增强The ties below a fluid filledstructure are brighter n expected在液体下方的结构回声要比预期的要亮强Sound wave not absorbed by fluidfilled structured so it is stronger when is reaches the deeper ties声波在液体中不被吸收所以到达下方组织的时候声波就更强Distal Acoustic Enhancement远端回声增强Distal Acoustic Enhancement远端声波增强Drost, Textbook of Veterin

13、ary Diagnostic Radiology, 5th Ed, 2007.Overall Gaoo High增益太高From the John Mattoon collectionOverall Gaoo Low增益太低From the John Mattoon collectionGain Correct增益正常Gain & TGC增益和增益调整Dorsal wall & calculi hiddenCalculi seen背侧的壁和被隐藏可见Mirror Image Artifact镜像伪影Sound wave is reflected is adifferent direction

14、before it isreflected back to the transducer声波在回到传感器前折射到其他方向Ultrasound machine ames sound came from directly underneathprobe and displace reflections he wrong place仪器测量从探头下方回来的声波Mirror Image Artifact镜像伪影Drost, Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 5th Ed, 2007.From the John Mattoon collection

15、Mirror Image Artifact镜像伪影Drost, Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 5th Ed, 2007.Reverberation混和影像As the echoes return to the transducer,the transducer reflects the sound back o the patient当声波回到探头的时候，探头又把声波发回到患者The ultrasound machine does not knowthe echoes made an “extra” round trip超声波仪器不知

16、道声波走了“额外”的路程From the John Mattoon collectionReverberation Artifact混像伪影Reverberation Artifact混像伪影Drost, Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 5th Ed, 2007.Reverberation Artifact混像伪影Drost, Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 5th Ed, 2007.Refraction折射When a sound wave hits a curved surf

17、ace, the sound is bent or refracted 当声波遇到曲面时，声波弯曲或折射Black artifact because no sound distal to the curved surface形成黑色的伪影因为没有声波到达曲面远端Also called edge shadowing artifact有时也被称为边缘阴影伪影From the John Mattoon collectionRefraction Artifact折射伪影KidneyRefraction折射Apparent hole in urinary bladder caused by refractionSide Lobes侧叶Unwanted emis of energy to the side of the main US beam在主要超声束旁边有多余的能量 Radial expan of crystal晶体径向扩张When sound returns to the transducer, theultrasou