初中被动语态语法重点

1、主动被动一现do/doesam,is,aredone一过didwas,weredone现进am,is,aredoingamisarebeingdone过进wasweredoingwaswerebeingdone现完havehasdonehave,hasbeendone过完haddonehadbeendone一将willdowillbedoneshalldoshallbedoneamisaregoingtodoamisaregoingtobedone过将woulddowouldbedoneshoulddoshouldbedone被动语态dowasweregoingtowasweregoingto

2、情态动词candocanbedonebedonemustdomustbedonemaydoneedntdomaybedoneneedntbedoneoughttodooughttobedoneshoulddoshouldbedone实意动词needtodoneedtobedone/needdoing附：usedtodousedtobedoneseemtodoseemtobedone二没有被动语态的词1不及物动词：rise,takeplace,happen,arriveWhenwillthetrain_?arriveB.gettoC.reachD.arrivein部分系动词：feel,sound

3、,smell,look,taste表示度量的词：measure,weigh(e.g.)Thebabyweighs9kilograms.(Howmuchdoesthebabyweigh?)(Whatshisweight?)(Howheavyishe?)Theswimmingpoolmeasures25metersacross.以反身代词为宾语的没有被动TheboyteacheshimselfEnglish.Theirlargefeetareusedtopushthemquicklythroughthewater.Thecormorantsusetheirlargefeettopushthemse

4、lvesquicklythroughthewater.以相互代词为宾语的无被动。Weoftenhelpeachother/oneanother.6fit,cost,hold,breakout(爆发)，goout(熄灭)gooff(响起)无被动(eg)ThiscoatfitsmeThebookcostmefiveyuanThehallcanhold1000peopleThewarbrokeoutin1919ThestreetlightswentoutsuddenlyThefirealarmwentoffsuddenly三如何改PV(一)SVO1名词，宾语从句作宾语(eg)Rosebrokethe

5、windowsThewindowswerebrokenbyRoseWeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry.ItisknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.Britainisknowntobeanislandcountry.Peoplebelievethathewillwintheelection.Itisbelievedthathewillwintheelection.Heisbelievedtowintheelection.Theysaidthattheareawasrichinoil.Itwassaidthattheareawasr

6、ichinoil.Theareawassaidtoberichinoil.(如果宾语为that引导的宾语从句，那么可以转化为汁为形式主语的名词性从句。如：Itisreported,Itissaid,Itisbelieved,Itisknown)动词不定式作宾语(不能改被动语态)(e.g.)Hewantstogo.(二)SVOO把间接宾语作为主语(人)(e.g.)Myunclegavemeanapple.Iwasgivenanapplebymyuncle.HeshowedmehispostcardsofParis.IwasshowedhispostcardsofParisbyhim.2.把直接宾

7、语作为主语(东西)一定要加介词to,for1)Myunclegavemeanapple.Anapplewasgiventomebymyuncle.2)Sheboughtthemsomecakes.Somecakeswereboughtforthembyher.用介词togive,pass,bring,take,lend,send,offer,show,teach,award,ask(sb.sth.=sth.tosb.)用介词forget,buy,draw,make,sing(sb.sth.=sth.forsb.)(二)SVOC如果动词不定式作宾补，把间接宾语转化为主语causesb.todos

8、th.wantsb.todosth.wouldlikesb.todosth.ordersb.todosth.invitesb.todosth.asksb.todosth.allowsb.todosth.warnsb.todosth.(不能用todo作主语)(e.g.)Theteacheraskedustocleantheblackboard.Wewereaskedtocleantheblackboardbytheteacher.2.make,let,have,see,observe,notice,watch,hear,help省略to的动词不定式，改为被动语态是要把to还原。(e.g.)1)S

9、heseestheboyfallfromthehorse.Theboyisseentofallfromthehorsebyher.2)Isawhimstealingjewellery.Hewasseenstealingjewellerybyme.Steam_fromthecoat.A.wasseentorise(seesb.do)wasseentoraise(seesb.do)wasseenrising(seesb.doing)wasseenraising(seesb.doing)宾补为名词或形容词(e.g.)1)Ifoundhimabrightboy.Hewasfoundabrightboybyme.Hewasfoundtobeabrightboy.2)WeconsidertheArcticanorthernpartoftheAtlantic.TheArcticisconsidered(tobe)anorthernpartoftheAtlantic.注意事项1.原先有的介词和副词不能丢。(e.g.)1)Nursestakecareofthesickpeople.Thesickpeoplearetakencareofbynurses.2)Athiefbrokeintotheb