M5U2 Grammar and usage 课件

1、M5 Unit 2The environment Grammar and usageVerb-ing form as an adjective or adverb芜湖县一中 胡雪玲Lead-inWhat did you learn about non-finite verbs?（非谓语动词）过去分词 (done)不定式(to do)-ing 形式 (doing)动名词(verb-ing form as a noun)现在分词(verb-ing form as an adj. or adv.and verb phrases)Non-finite verbs(非谓语动词）To infinitive

2、 (to do)Bare infinitive (do)Unit 11.The teacher spent a lot of time _ me with my grammar.A help B to helpC helped D helping2.Your shoes are dirty. They need _badly.A wash B washedC to wash D washingReviewChoose the right answer.3.Wang lin insisted on_to work in the countryside.A be sent B sendingC b

3、eing sent D send4.Would your friend mind_a little more softly?A to speak B spokenC speaking D speak5.I dont feel like_to the movies.A go B to goC going D gone6.The shy girl doesnt like _at in public.A laughing B to laughC laughed D being laughed过去分词 (done)不定式(to do)-ing 形式 (doing)动名词(verb-ing form a

4、s a noun)现在分词(verb-ing form as an adj. or adv.and verb phrases)Non-finite verbs(非谓语动词）To infinitive (to do)Bare infinitive (do)Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Part 1Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb The functions of verb-ing in a sentenceVerb-ingthe attributive (定语)the predicative (表语)the object complement

5、(宾语补足语)the adverbial (状语)P28There are many sleeping students in class. （表语）（定语）Feeling the lesson is boring, the students are sleepy.The students feel the lesson boring.The lesson is boring.（宾补）（状语）The verb-ing form can be used as:1.the attributive (定语）It is a very _(move) film and it is well worth

6、seeing.Upon hearing the _(excite) news, they jumped with great joy.单个的现在分词作定语，放在名词的前面，相当于形容词，可加副词修饰。movingexcitingThe fast-growing economy has caused environmental problems.Canada is an Englishspeaking country.有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合形容词。The girl sitting in the corner is my best friend.=The girl _ in the

7、corner is my best friend.People _(work) in that bank are well paid.=People _ in that bank are well paid.现在分词短语作定语放在名词后面，与被修饰的名词存在主动关系，意思和定语从句一样，并且可以转变成定语从句。who is sitting who work workingYour journey in Kenya is really exciting.What you did was _ (disappointment).The nightmare I had last night was v

8、ery_ (fright).现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特征.2.the predicative (表语)disappointingfrightening3.the object complement (宾语补足语）We find the journey to Africa exciting.We should not leave water running after washing hands.He had a strange way to make his classes_ (interest).I heard someone _ (play) the violin in the

9、next room.现在分词作宾语补足语通常表示宾语的属性和特征或与宾语存在主动进行的状态.interestingplaying注意：常见的接现在分词作宾补的动词或介词：感官动词：see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe notice,look at,listen to等。The missing boy was last seen _ (play) near the river.使役动词: have,make,keep,find,get,leave等I heard her _ (sing) when I pass by her room yesterday.

10、（3）with /without的复合结构(with + sb/sth +doing 表主动、进行，或表特征）Without anyone _ (notice), I stole into the room.playingsingingnoticing They stood talking to each other. = They stood and talked to each other.(伴随）Verb-ing phrases时间原因结果条件方式伴随让步4.the adverbial (状语）4.the adverbial (状语）1. The poor man sat by the

11、road, begging.2. They often communicate with each other, using English.3. Not knowing English, he couldnt understand the film.4. It snowed heavily last night, causing the traffic problems today.5. Working hard, you will succeed one day6. While reading the novel, he nodded from time to time.伴随方式原因结果条

12、件时间1.现在分词作状语时， 其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语一致，且与主语存在主动关系。 Working hard, you will succeed one day.= If you work hard, you will succeed one day. 如果不一致，通常在分词前加上它的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的现在分词被称为独立主格结构。 独立主格结构和分词一样，在句中作状语。 Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.= If weather permits, they will go on an

13、 outing to the beach tomorrow.Conclusion1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.Choose the correct sentence.2. 现在分词作状语时,用一般式

14、还是现在完成时，看现在分词所表示的的动作和谓语所表示的动作有没有明显的先后顺序。若现在分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，现在分词用完成时，否则则用一般式。 Having written the letter, John went to the post office. Seeing the beautiful scene, the children felt very excited. Conclusion 语态类别 时 态 vt.主动语态被动语态现在分词V-ing 一般式(与谓语动词同时发生)完成式(先于谓语动词之前发生)注意1：现在分词的时态与语态doingbeing don

15、ehaving donehaving been done1. He hurried home, _ (look) behind as he went. 3. The large building _ (build) now is a library. 2. _ (finish) their work, they had a rest. 4. _ (show) the lab, we were taken to see the library.（一般式）（完成式）（被动语态）（被动完成式）时态和语态：lookingbeing builtHaving finished Having been sh

16、own 注意2：现在分词的否定式中，否定词not 必须放在最前面。Not knowing much English, he found it difficult to communicate with foreigners.Not having received a reply, he wrote a letter to the professor again.Group work: make sentence with verb-ing formyesterday, ride bicycle, carry, laugh, chat, all the way homeThe man rode

17、his bicycle on the street, carrying his son, laughing and chatting all the way home. Group workMickey, Mini, dance, sing, raise ones arms Mickey and Mini are dancing to themusic, singing and raising their arms.Mother Bear, carry , climb, search for foodCarrying her little baby on the back, the mothe

18、r Bear climbs up the trees, searching for some food.Earthquake, survive, hold in arms, cryHaving surviving the earthquake, the woman holds her son in arms, crying loudly.box, hit on the face , move steps, carefulThe two boxing men try to hit the other on the face, moving their steps carefully.homewo

19、rk假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter来信询问你所在城市的环境状况，请你根据提示给他写一封回信。内容要求：（1）环境现状；（2）产生原因；（3）解决方法。 注意：（1）词数120左右；（2）可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 （3）着眼在Verb-ing的使用。 Thanks!Bye-bye!Lydia doesnt feel like _(study) abroad. _(gather) around the fire, the tourists dancing with the local people. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _(say) nothing about the argument. _(find) a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. _(give) good health, I hope to finish the work this year. The plane crashed, _(kill) al