2021届高考英语题型解读：-语法填空(课件86张)

1、语法填空题型复习 3语法填空考情一览无提示类:一般考查虚词：冠词、介词、连词及代词 提示词类:主要考查时态、被动语态、非谓语以及词的派生。 题型解读高考语法填空题分为两类，一类无提示词，另一类有提示词，要求写出符合语境的正确形式。解题思路第一步：要知道填什么 有提示词时，空格处一般填所给词的变化形式，如名词变复数；动词变成谓语、非谓语；形容词变成副词、比较级等。 无提示语时，空格处一般填冠词、介词、连词或代词。 特别提醒：知识点不重复考查。语法填空填什么有提示词无提示词提示词为动词提示词为名词提示词为形容词考时态、被动语态、主谓一致思维导图考非谓语考名词复数考名词变形容词、副词、动词考形容词变

2、副词、名词考形容词比较级、最高级冠词介词连词代词提示词为代词考宾格、反身、形容词性代词解题思路第二步：要知道如何填空格处最终填什么形式，可以用以下方式进行确认。 无提示词（冠、介、连、代):1. 名词前面填_2. 冠词前面填_、名词前面填介词（短语中）3. 句子前面填_（横线之后只要有_即可视为句子）4. 句子缺少主语、宾语，填_冠词介词连词谓语动词人称代词解题思路 有提示词： 限定词形容词动介之动词句首状语系表形副_后填名词；_后填名词；_后填名词_前后填副词；_填副词_之前填副词；_之间填副词 2. 填副词：1. 填名词：解题思路给词类：3. 填形容词词：_前面形容词；_要用形容词 4.

3、填代词：_之前填形容词物主代词_之后填宾语或反身代词名词动词名词表语语法填空给名词考名词复数思维导图考名词变形限定词、形容词、动介词后给名词填空，直接变成复数空格前有various, many等复数修饰词，给名词填空，直接变复数考名词所有格名词变成形容词名词变成副词名词变成动词所给名词位于名词前句首给名词时这种考题极少出现所给名词位于名词前语法填空给形容词考变词形考比较等级变副词比较级动词前后用副词变名词系表之间用副词形副之前用副词句首状语用副词限定词后给形容词时a _ (形容词) + 名词the _ (形容词) + 名词最高级考所给形容词的反义词在所给形容词前加否定前缀构成思维导图语法填空给

4、副词考变形容词考比较等级比较级最高级思维导图语法填空给代词考形容词性物主代词考反身代词名词前给代词填空所给代词与句子主语一致考宾格代词所给代词与句子主语一致思维导图Part I 有提示词 给词类题目占7题。要求根据语境写出所给单词的适当形式。没有限定词数，但一般很少超过3个单词。 提示的单词通常是三个动词，其它为名词、形容词或代词。 限定词后填名词1、空格处什么情况下填名词？变复数给名词，变复数表现形式a/ the/ his _ (noun) a/ the/ his _ (adj/verb) 变名词 形容词后填名词 1、空格处什么情况下填名词？表现形式(a/the +) adj. _ (adj

5、./verb) (a/the +) adj. _ (noun)变复数变名词表现形式 动介之后填名词1、空格处什么情况下填名词？表现形式(v+) prep _ (noun) verb _ (adj/verb) 变复数变名词1) The environmentalists said wild goats _ (appear) on the vast grasslands was good indication of a better environment. 2) Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popula

6、r _ (choose) for a wedding goatspopularappearancechoice解题口诀：限定词后填名词解题口诀：形容词后填名词3. While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69_ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. （2014全国I）thechanges解题口诀：限定词后填名词 给名词变复数4. C

7、hengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61_ (attract). （2016全国I）attractionits top解题口诀：形容词后填名词 名词前填形容词2、空格处什么情况下填形容词？表现形式a + _ (adj.)+noun (a/the/his) _ (noun/verb)+noun变形容词变比较级the + _ (adj.) + noun 变最高级(a/the/h

8、is) _ (adj)+noun 加否定前缀变成反义词 表语需用形容词2、空格处什么情况下填形容词？表现形式S+feel/become _ (adj.) S+is/was. _ (noun) 变比较级变形容词S+get _ (verb) 变过去分词 六词后填形容词作宾补2、空格处什么情况下填形容词？ 表现形式+_ (noun). S+make/leave/keep/find/prove/consider + O+_ (adj) to do 变比较级变形容词1) We considered his suggestion quite _ (reason). 2) It is _ (good) to

9、 spend money on preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending it trying to make people _ (good) after they are ill. reasonableconsideredismakebetterbetter3) Frank put the mediocre in the top drawer to make sure it would not be_(access) to the kids.4) Boris has brains. In fact

10、, I doubt whether anyone in the class has a _ (high) IQ (智商). (02全国). accessiblebehigher解题口诀：名词前填形容词 给adj 填比较级解题口诀：表语须用形容词5. In this lecture, I can only give you a purely _ (person) view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.(10湖北)personalview解题口诀：名词前填形容词 动词前

11、后填副词3、空格处什么情况下填副词？表现形式S+verb (+O) _ (adj) S+ _ (adj) + verb + O 变副词变副词 句首状语填副词3、空格处什么情况下填副词？表现形式_ (n/v)，S+verb+O._ (adj)，S+verb+O 先变成形容词，再变成副词变副词 系表之间填副词 3、空格处什么情况下填副词？表现形式S+is/are/feel._(adj)+表语.变副词 形副之前填副词3、空格处什么情况下填副词？表现形式_ (adj.) +adv_ (adj)+ adj.(+noun) 变副词变副词1) _ (thank), I managed to get thro

12、ugh the game and the pain was worth it in the end.(11安徽) 2) Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said _ (sharp), “Dont be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her. (14湖北) Thankfullysharply动词前后填副词句首状语填副词said3) The girl used to be shy, but is _ (gradual) getting active in group work

13、and is more willing to express herself.(15湖北) 4) Volunteering is becoming _ (increase) popular in China. People are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.(10福建) graduallyincreasingly形副之前填副词系表之间填副词isgettingbecomingpopular4、给代词填空 名词之前给代词表现形式_ (he) noun+verb.S+verb+ _ (he) +noun 变形容词性物主代词

14、变形容词性物主代词 动/介之后给代词 表现形式S+verb/prep+ _ (he). 宾格代词S+verb/prep+ _ (he). 反身代词he与主语指同一人he与主语不是同一人1) Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70_ (it) plans for a future lunar (月 球的) base are practical. (2020全国I卷) 2) Those who

15、smoke heavily should remind _ (them) of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people. (2013上海) 3）Bob can ask anyone for help. Everone here is willing to lend _ (he) a hand.(2014安徽)themselvesitshimplansThosethemlend5、给动词填空 一般考查以下三点： 谓语（时态、被动语态、主谓一致） 非谓语 （to do, doing, done) 动词变成名词或形容词语法填空给动

16、词考谓语考非谓语表未完成，作目的状语等表主动/进行，作定、状、补表被动/完成，作定、状、补考时态考被动语态考主谓一致依据标志性状语填时态依据上下文时态填时态根据固定句式填时态所给动词与句子主语为被动关系时主语的单复数形式决定谓语的数不定式现在分词过去分词动名词作主语、宾语思维导图1) 空格处填谓语或非谓语，如何判断？方法：“瞻前顾后找谓语”解题思路以句子中的标点(逗号、句号、封号)及连词为界限，确认空格所在句子部分中是否有谓语标志，如did/do/does, was/is, have/has/had, will/should, v-s等，如果有，不缺谓语，要填_; 如果没有，则缺少谓语，要填_

17、。非谓语形式时态、被动语态、主谓一致说明： 空格在标点/连词之前，只需要看标点前的句子部分中有无谓语标志。 空格在标点/连词之后，则只需要看标点/连词之后部分中有无谓语标志。 如果连词是并列连词(and/or/but)，要填写与连词前后的动词相一致的形式。（2020山东.语法填空）. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the p

18、ublic 40_ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museums collection 41_ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. formedare calledisopen句中无谓语标志，考时态句中有谓语open，考非谓语句中无谓语标志，考时态和主谓一致2) 时态考查 “三原则” 被动优先原则 谓语填空时，首先要考虑是否考查被动语态。 So it was a great honour to be invited b

19、ackstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62_ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. （16全国I）was allowed状语依据原则句子中有标志性的时间状语时，可以根据该状语得出答案。1) 有ago, yesterday, just now, last week.，the day before yesterday, the other day, at one

20、 time, sooner, etc时，必 填_时。2) 有so far, since, in the last few.days, before (文本为一般 现在时), etc 时，填_时。一般过去时现在完成时状语依据原则句子中有标志性的时间状语时，可以根据该状语得出答案。3) 有by 1989/last week, by the time + S +v-ed，before(文本 为一般过去时)，必填_时。4) 有in the future,next week.,in 3 days等时，常填 _时。过去完成时一般将来时(上海) Every few years, the coal worke

21、r _ (have) his lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. (湖南)This coastal area _ (name) a national wildlife reserve last year. haswas namedEvery few yearslast year 时态一致原则 （语境一致） 1）句子中无标志性状语，则填写与空格前后句子一致的时态。 2）如果是并列谓语，并列连词前后的谓语时态要一致。 (16全国III) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and

22、69_ (be) too violent for use at the table.wereandknives would3. 非谓语填空 确定空白处考查非谓语动词时，可用“找关系”的方法解题。非谓语动词通常在句中有自己的逻辑主语，其逻辑主语通常是：1）句子的主语（非谓语作状语）2）句子的宾语（非谓语作定语和宾补）3）整个句子所述之事（非谓语作结果状语）解题时只需找出所给动词与逻辑主语的关系即可。逻辑主语与所给动词为主谓关系，填_；为被动关系则填_。不定式或现在分词过去分词She looked at me in the eyes, _ (say) “We are family!”He rais

23、ed his voice to make himself _(hear) clearly.Listen! The song _ (sing) is very popular with the students. The hospital has recently obtained new medicalequipment, _ (allow) more patients to be treated.sayingbeing sungallowingheardsongsingShesayhimselfhearThe hospital has recently obtained new medica

24、lequipmentallow,（二）动词转换成名词/形容词 语法填空中，给动词考查其名词或形容词形式，也是常考点。特别提示：动词变名词时，如空格前有复数意义的形容词修饰，要用变成复数形式。如没有，则要 “单数优先”。语法填空给动词变名词变形容词动词后有宾语或-ly状语.a/the_ (v)+nounS+verb/介词_(v).变名词思维导图S+verb/介词_ (v)+n/-ly.变动名词变形容词 But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61_ (attract). （2016全国I）Then, handle the most importa

25、nt tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 62_ (achieve). （2016全国II）attractionachievement前无复数修饰词，单数优先！topof技能应用1) A new _ (regularly) bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.2) When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _ (practise) advice.regularpracticalbus servicead

26、vice3) The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _ (good) if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.4) She devoted herself _(entire) to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.betterentirelytasteddevoted herself5) Would it be _ (convenience) for you to p

27、ick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport? 6) The number of people present at the concert was _ (small) than expected. There were many tickets left. convenientsmallerwasbe7) It seems that living green is _ (surprise) easy and affordable. A small step masks a big difference. 8) In the good

28、care of the nurses, the boy is _ (gradual) recovering from his heart operation.surprisinglygraduallyeasy and affordableisisrecovering9) There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _ (eventual) gave up. 10) Mr. Smith used to smoke _ (heavy) but he has given it up. 11) The head offi

29、ce of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _ (branch) all over the country. eventuallyheavilybranchesgave uphassmoke 动词之后缺宾语，给名词变复数12) The melon the Smiths served at dinner _ (taste) much better if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. 13) As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _

30、(keep) rising these days.14) By the time Jack returned home from England, his on _ (graduate) from college.would have tastedkeepshad graduated15) More highways have been built in China, _ (make) it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. 16) _ (find) more about university courses

31、, call (920) 746-3789.17) _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. makingTo findHaving waited逗号前后非谓语Part II. 无提示词 无提示类题一般占三题，每空只能填写1个单词。无提示类题通常考查冠词、介词、连词或代词。有时也会考查助动词或情态动词。【思路点拨】 做这类题，要看清横线后面是一个名词/代词，还是一个句子。 1）横线后为名词/代词，填_ 2）横线后（有谓语动词）为句子，填_

32、3) 横线在谓语动词之前或之后(句子缺少主语或宾语)，填 _。人称代词连词冠词或介词一. 横线后为句子填连词 解题口诀： 横线后面是一个句子时，考查定语从句、状语从句或名词性从句的_词。有时考查引导并列句的_。引导并列连词句子前面填连词特别说明： 横线后只要有谓语动词，就可以看作是一个句子(一) 句子前面填连词 （横线后是谓语动词） 宾语从句定语从句S+V+O _ V+O. S+V(介) _ V+O.S+V+O, _ V+O.表现形式that/whowhich/whoS+V+O _ V+O.what/whoand/but/or并列谓语1. 缺少主语的从句前填连词【难点】 S+V+O_+V+O

33、结构是考并列谓语还是定语从句？ S + V + O _ + V + O，如果横线前的(名词/代词是 横线后动词的逻辑主语，考_。 S + V + O _ + V + O ，如果句子的主语就是横线 后动词的主语，考_。 【特别提示】 此时横线前后两个动词的时态必须一致！ 横线后动词的数必须与句子主语一致！定语从句并列连词1. Jim had to dropped his computer games for the coming examinations, _ took him much time 2. The shopkeeper wouldnt sell _ was short in num

34、ber. whichwhat从句缺主语，定语从句动词之后宾语从句，缺主语games3. The students benefiting most from college are those _ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. who/ that代词之后从句缺主语，定语从句4. Inthecafe,customerswillenjoy themselvesinthe historicalenvironment_ iscreatedforthem. which后面谓语与句子主语不一致，考定语从句，不考并列 （横线后的句子缺少宾语） 宾语从句定

35、语从句S+V+O _ S+Vt/介. S+V(介) _ S+Vt/介.S+V+O, _ S+Vt/介.表现形式that/whowhich/whowhat/who2. 缺少宾语的从句前填连词1. Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?2. Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.that/which从句缺宾语，名词之后，定语从句that/whichfarm visited targe

36、ts set 1. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_ my classmates recommended to me.which从句缺宾语，前有逗号recommended book ， 宾语从句定语从句S+V+O(,) _ S+V+OS+V(介) _ S+V+OS+V+O(,) _ S+V+O表现形式when/whereif/when.S+V+O(,) _ S+V+Othat/when/howwhere/whyand/but/or并列谓语2. 横线后句子不缺主语/宾语状语从句_S+V+O, S+V+

37、Oif/when.【特别说明】这组句型中，要判断考什么并无规律可循，需要根据句子的大意来决定，难度很大。1. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. 2. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.Though/Whilewhen句首从句，状语从句根据语意，状语从句3. Life is a long journey _ you can enjoy happiness as well as sor

38、row. where根据句意，考定语从句4) Find ways to praise your children often, _ youll find they will open their hearts to you.5) They wanted to charge $ 5,000 for the car, _ we managed to bring the price down. 6) Between the two generations, it is often not their age _ their education that causes misunderstanding

39、. 固定句型，并列连词andbut句意转折，并列句but固定短语，并列连词1. 名词前面填冠词(二) 横线后为名词/代词表现形式S+verb+_+(adj+)nounS+verb+_+noun 填冠词填冠词1) The plum trees are _ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.2) This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then， with

40、 _ rise of science，changes began. 3) _ prize for the winner of the competition is _ two-week holiday in Paris.thethe固定短语：with the rise of.随着.的崛起Theaholiday prize first rise 2. 限定词前填介词；代词前面填介词；名词前面填介词表现形式S+verb+O+_+noun S+verb+_+the/a/my.noun 填介词 填介词 语法填空中的介词考查，主要考查固定短语中的介词搭配。 介词与后面的名词构成固定搭配 介词与前面的动词

41、构成固定搭配S+verb+_+pron/v-ing 填介词 1) For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake _ the shape of a monkey.2) Bamboo plants are associated _ health, abundance and a happy home.3) Museums must compete _ peoples spare time and money with other amusements.4) But can uniforms help improve school standard

42、s? The answer _ this question is not clear.inwithfortothe health are associated spare time compete answerquestionthe shape ofthe shape of S+V+O_V+OS+V+介词._V+介词.表现形式并列连词noun_noun./.noun_noun3. 对等成分并列连S+be+adj_be+adj并列连词并列连词并列连词并列连词 1) Bob got up late that morning, dressing himself in a hurry _ dashin

43、g to his office. 2) Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train. 并列-ing短语并列两个句子andordressingdashing(三) 句子缺主/宾语，填代词表现形式_+verb+O.S+be -er+than+_. 填主格代词that/oneS+verb介词+_. 填宾格代词S+verb+noun, _ +that-clause.oneone ., the _./ some., _.otherothers含有比较含义的句子中1) Mary was glad to find that _ was the fir

44、st to finish the task.2) _ is vital for us to learn English well. sheIt3) Few pleasures can equal _ of a cold drink in hot weather. 4) Doris prefer a house with a garden in the countryside to _ in the city.thatonethat=the plesureone = a house3. 根据语义定词形2. 分析句子定词性总结：解题四步走1. 通读全文懂大意4.阅读检查定答案Four stepsI

45、n the past few years, quite a number of men and women _ (choose) to do something lesscompetitive. They are afraid that the stress of work robs them of joy and happiness and bring them harm both physicallyand mentally. In fact, _, stress isnt such a bad thing. Above all, 3_ it gets out of control, a

46、certainamount of stress is important as it provides motivation and challenge, and purpose to _ otherwise meaningless, idle life. In addition, people _ stress tend to express their full range of potential and to realize their own personal worth the very aim of a human life. Last but not least, research has showed that, _ (actual), modest amounts of stress can _ (strong) the immune system and be good for health. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no