中考英语专题复习---句子种类和成分

1、句子种类和成分一般疑问句1把 be 动词、助动词、情态动词置于句首。2直接用 yes 或 no 来回答。3如果提问人对答案没有肯定或否定的意向，句中常用非肯定词。如：Are there any trees in the garden？院子里有树吗？如果提问人希望得到肯定的回答，则句中常用肯定词。如：Would you like some drink？你想喝点什么吗？特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子，不用 yes或 no 回答，而是根据具体情况进行回答。1疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、表语或修饰这三种成分时，用“疑问词一般疑问句”结构。如：How did you come her

2、e？你怎么来这里的？2疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，用陈述句语序。如：Whose father works in Shanghai?谁的父亲在上海工作？3特殊疑问词有：when, where, what, who, whom, whose, which, why, how, how many, how much, how soon, how often, how old 等。选择疑问句由“一般疑问句or供选择的部分”构成，不能用 yes或 no 来回答。如：Is it the name of a book or a movie?它是一本书还是一部电影的名字？Its the name of a b

3、ook.它是一本书的名字。反意疑问句1构成：陈述句简略问句遵循原则：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。简略问句的主语与陈述句的主语保持一致，且只能用相应的人称代词(there 除外)。简略问句的谓语动词也与陈述句的谓语保持一致；如果是否定，一定要用缩写。如：Your brother went home, didnt he?你哥哥回家了，是吗？There are many flowers in the box, arent there?盒子里有很多花，是吗？2陈述句用“Im.”结构时，简略问句一般用“arent I”。3陈述句中有 little, few, no, never, nothing,

4、nobody, hardly等表示否定意义的词时，简略问句用肯定形式。如：There is little milk in the bottle, is there?瓶子里没多少牛奶了，是吗？4陈述句主语为不定代词 nothing, something, anything 时，简略问句的主语用代词 it；陈述句主语为不定代词 everyone, noone, someone, everybody, nobody, anybody 时，简略问句的主语常用代词 they，有时也用 he。5陈述句的主语是指示代词 this 或 that 时，简略问句的主语用 it；陈述句的主语是 these 或 th

5、ose 时，简略问句的主语用they。6陈述句部分如果是“I (dont) think (believe, suppose.)宾语从句”结构，简略问句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。如I dont think he is right, is he?我认为他不对，是吧？7陈述句部分含有情态动词 must ，表示猜测“一定是；必定”时，简略问句部分与 must 后面的部分保持一致，不能用mustnt ；当 must 表示“一定要；必须”时，简略问句部分用neednt。如：You must be a lawyer, arent you?你一定是个律师，是不是？He must retu

6、rn tomorrow, neednt he?他明天必须回去，是不是？We mustnt speak loudly in the library, must we?我们不应该在图书馆大声喧哗，对不对？8祈使句的反意疑问句肯定祈使句，will you/wont you?否定祈使句，will you?Lets.，shall we？(包括对方)Let us.，will you？(不包括对方)9感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式，并用 be 动词的一般现在时。如：What a fine day, isnt it？多好的天气呀，不是吗？10对反意疑问句作答时，需根据其实际情况而定。实际情况是肯定的，则用“Y

7、es肯定结构”；实际情况是否定的，则用“No否定结构”。如：You wont go there, will you?你不会去那里，对吗？Yes, I will.不，我会去。祈使句祈使句用以表示命令、请求、叮嘱或建议，主语通常省略。肯定式谓语动词用原形，否定式用“Dont (Never) 动词原形” 。如：Turn on the light.开灯。Dont turn on the light.不要开灯。感叹句感叹句通常用 what 或 how 引导，用来表示强烈的感情。感叹句的基本句型有：1以 how 开头的感叹句(1)How形容词/副词主语谓语 How high the building is

8、! 这楼真高！(2)How形容词/副词(省略主语和谓语) How interesting (it is)！真有趣！(3)how 还可修饰动词，句型是“How主语谓语”。如：How they need a good teacher!他们是多么需要一位好老师呀！2以 what 开头的感叹句(1)What (a/an)形容词名词(主语谓语)What a beautiful flower it is！多美丽的一朵花啊！ What fine weather！多好的天气！(2)What (a/an)名词(省略主语和谓语) What a pity！真遗憾！句子成分句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语

9、、状语、同位语和宾语补足语。见下表：句子成分 构成 例句主语 名词、主格代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词等That man looks strange.那个人看起来很奇怪。谓语 动词，一般位于主语之后 He puts the book on the table.他把书放在桌上。宾语 名词、宾格代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词等 waited for the bus for half an hour.我等公交车等了半小时。表语 在连系动词之后的形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、介词短语等 The weather is wet in the southern part.在南部，气候潮湿。定语 形容词、

10、副词、代词、数词、名词、动词不定式、介词短语等 The boy in blue is Tom.穿蓝色衣服的男孩是汤姆。状语 副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式等 The girl lives in America.这个女孩住在美国。宾语补足语 形容词、副词、名词、代词、数词、不定式、分词等 We found him alone by thelake.我们发现他独自一人在湖边。同位语 名词、数词、代词或从句 We Chinese wont give in to difficulties.我们中国人不会向困难低头。)1.You havent been to the West Lake, hav

11、e you?_.But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation.ANo, I havent BNo, I didnt CYes, I have Dyes, I did)2. _ delicious food my mother cooks every day!AWhat a BWhat CHow)3. _ interesting book it is!A.How B.What CWhat an DHow a)4.Rose, we will start at six tomorrow morning. Dont be late,

12、_？ _.Ill be there on time.Awont you; Yes, I will Bwill you; Yes, I willCwill you; No, I wont Dwont you; No, I wont)5.Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning, _？No. She got up too late.A. had she Bhadnt she Cdid she Ddidnt she)6. I hear the tall girl wearing glasses is your new classmate. Shes f

13、rom Ame-rica, _？A. has she Bisnt she Chasnt she Ddoes she)7.There is something wrong with your bike, _？Yes.Ill have it _ tomorrow.A. isnt it; mend Bisnt there; mendedCisnt it; mended Disnt there; mend)8._ good time we had at the party last night!Yes.It was _ exciting party that I would never forget

14、it.A. What; so BHow; such CWhat a; such an DHow a; so an)9. _ cute the monkeys are when they ask for food!A. How BWhat CWhat a)10._ is the history of Tsinghua University?100 years.A. How soon BHow long CHow far)11. The students in Class Two played basketball against Class One yesterday, _？ A. did th

15、ey Bdidnt they Cwerent they)12. Lets go to the cinema to see a film, _？A. will you Bshall we Cwont you Ddont you)13.Peter, _ do you visit your grandparents?Twice a month.A. how long Bhow soon Chow far Dhow often)14._ delicious beef!Well. You can eat more if you like it.A. What BWhat a CHow DHow a)15

16、. Dont open the door, _？A. arent you Bdont you Cwill you)16. The boy has a new MP4, _？A. doesnt he Bisnt he Cdoes he Dis he)17._ will you come back?In an hour.A. How soon BHow often CHow far DHow long)18.Lets go to the zoo by taxi, _?Maybe we can go there _.Its not far.A. wont you; on foot Bwont you; by footCshall we; by foot D shall we; on foot)19. _ sad w