第三单元增减法

1、第三单元 增减法1Amplification means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. As a matter of principle, a translator is supposed to supply necessary words to make his or her version both accurate in meaning and in keeping with the idiomatic use of

2、the language to be translated into. It is for the purpose of “faithful representation” of the thought of the author that we often resort to “amplification”. 2This is because English and Chinese are two entirely different languages and each has its own historical and cultural background. Therefore, m

3、any ideas, idiomatic expressions and phrases, etc. that are well understood in the country of their origin can hardly make sense to the original patterns without alteration and consequently amplification is adopted in dealing with such occasions.3增词法就是在翻译时按照意义、修辞或句法上的需要，在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整Syntac

4、tical Amplification Lexical Amplification Cultural/Rhetoric Amplification 41. Syntactical Amplification （1）classifierIt was a nova! 这是一颗新星！他的脑袋肿得有两倍大。 His head swelled up to twice the size of a normal head. The sun rose thinly from the sea. 一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。 A stream was winding its ways through the vall

5、ey into the river. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇到江里去了。 5(2) convey the concept of plurality 条条大路通罗马。All roads lead to Rome. The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。 The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. 群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色的长影。 I saw bubbles rising from under the water. 我看见一个个水泡从水下升起。 6(3)

6、 Amplification by supplying words of generalization Like most wildlife，deer reproduce，grow，and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. 与大多数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰富、食物充足的夏秋两季，繁殖、生长、储存脂肪。 Then a little over a decade ago, Professors Hoyle, Bondi, and Gold, working at Ca

7、mbridge, proposed an entirely different scheme. 然而十多年前，剑桥大学的霍伊尔、邦迪和哥尔德三位教授却提出了完全不同的学说。The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets. 论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。7(4) Amplifying words in the TL text that can indicate the verb tenses in the SL

8、text They are leading a happy life. 他们现在过着幸福的生活。He was the late presidents alter ego and he is a close and influential friend of the president to be in office. 他过去是已故总统的化身，而现在是即将就职的总统亲密而有影响的朋友。8(5)增加语气词Dont take it seriously. Its only a joke. 不要认真嘛！这不过是开个玩笑而已。 Is more growth really better? 经济发展得越快越好

9、吗？As I snooze she talks of anything, everything, all the things that women talk of: books, music, dress, men, other women. 我这边打着盹，她那里说着女人爱说的一切，什么 书籍啦 、音乐啦 、服装啦 、男人啦 、别的女人啦 ，五花八门，包罗万象 。 9(6) 增补表示逻辑关系的词语Heated，water will change into vapor水如受热，就会汽化。 The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature. 即使是

10、最强有力的人也不能改变自然法则。 Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected？如果对自己的错误都不认识，怎么能悔恨和改正呢？10(7) 增补语法省略成分 Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。 Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 勇敢过度即成蛮勇，感情过度

11、即成溺爱，节俭过度即成贪婪。 She ate little. Food sickened her, and I think much of life too. 她吃得很少；她厌恶食物，我觉得她也厌恶生活。 The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest the greatest 最好的导体电阻最小，最差的导体电阻最大。112. Lexical amplification (1) 抽象名词具体化Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。After all prep

12、arations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco. 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。 Recourse to arms is not the best solution to a quarrel between countries. 国与国之间的争端诉诸武力，并不是最好的解决方法。 12evaporation 蒸发作用 fault-finding 吹毛求疵的作法 loftiness 崇高气质necessity 必要性13assimilation 同化作用 Indifference冷

13、漠态度readability 可读性 Relativity相对论 Arrogance傲慢态度lightheartedness 轻松愉快的心境 14(2) 语境增词 (Contextual Amplification) A professor of mine once said: 教过我的一位教授曾说过：And Homer! Is not he likewise human? Even Homer may sometimes nod. 荷马！他不也是”活生生”的人吗？即使荷马也有打盹的时候。The sports meet is scheduled for April 16. 运动会定于四月十六日

14、举行。This printer is indeed cheap and fine这部打印机真是物美价廉。15Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain: The Prince and the Pauper) 译1：啊，汤姆康第，生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现在这番景象却是多么显赫啊！译2：汤姆康第原来(who was born)生在可怜巴巴的人家(in misery)，穿得破破烂烂(in rags)，一身邋里邋遢(in dirt)，现在(what sight is this)换了这身装束，

15、啊，是何等气派！163. Cultural Amplification , this hopeful person soared into so pleasing a Cupid.译文：这个很有希望的年轻人就扮成极其讨人喜欢的插着双翅的爱神丘比特。that the female Boundby, instead of being the Gorgon he had expected, was young and remarkably pretty.译文：那位叫庞得贝的女人，并不是他所想象的那样，是一个看谁一眼就会把谁变成石头的女妖高根，而是一个年轻的绝妙美人儿。例2：The blond boy

16、 quickly crossed himself. 译文：那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划十字，祈求上帝保佑 17On a gold-colored sofa there are two embroidered cushions. One bears the message: “Eat, sleep and remarry,” the other the kitsch observation: “Before you meet your real prince you have to kiss a lot of frogs.”金色沙发上摆放着两个刺绣坐垫，一个上面写着：“吃呀、睡呀、再结婚呀，”另一

17、个是那句老话：“在遇到真正的王子之前，你必须亲吻无数的青蛙。”18 Omission in EnglishChinese Translation Generally speaking，omission in English-Chinese translation is used to achieve the effect of succinctness，especially in dealing with excessive use of English pronouns and such functional words as the article, the preposition, th

18、e conjunction.191. Omission of the Pronoun He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩。My enemys enemy is my friend. 敌人的敌人是朋友。 For two weeks，he had been studying the house，looking at its rooms，its electric wiring，its path and its garden 两周以来，他一直注意观察房子的情况，查看各个房间，留

19、心电线的走向、通道和花园的布局。202. Omission of the ArticleThe moon was slowly rising above the sea月亮慢慢从海上升起。Any substance is made up Of atoms whether it is a solid，a liquid，Or a gas. 任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体，都由原子组成。213. Omission of the Preposition Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不许吸烟。The difference between the two machines consists in power. 这两台机器差别在于功率不同。224. Omission of th