翻译第十二讲(句序打磨)

1、Translation(12)Readjustment of Sentence OrderSentence Polishing11.Readjustment of Simple Sentence翻译英语简单句时似乎不必对句子结构做大的改组，但有些简单句其实并不简单，翻译时调整一下顺序有时也是必要的。Common conceptions of what is right and decent, a marked regard for fair play, especially to the weak and poor, a stern sentiment of impartial justice

2、, and above all the love of personal freedom, or, as Kipling put it, “Leave to live by no mans leave underneath the law” these are conceptions on both sides of the Ocean among the English-speaking peoples. (Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War)2参考译文：大西洋两岸使用英语的民族具有共同的观念。这些观念就是：对于是非的共同观念；特别重视公道，

3、尤其是对弱者和贫者的公道；对于公正无私的司法制度的严肃感；特别是对个人自由的热爱或者就像吉卜林所说的“不是由于任何人的许可，而是在法律之下无拘无束地生活。”32.Readjustment of Complex Sentence英语复合句译成中文时，有的不需要做大的调整也可以译成通顺的句子，有的则不然。复合句中的从句一般分为三类：名词从句，定语从句和状语从句。一般说来，带名词从句的复合句在翻译时不必作大的调整。Who wrote the poem is unknown. (subject clause）That is what he wants to know. (predicative cla

4、use)Do you know what ice is? (object clause)4带有定语从句的复合句，翻译时是否要调整顺序，要视情况而定。如限制性定语从句去掉从句主句意思不完整，翻译时当然要将顺序作些调整。You are the only person that can help me.有些限制性定语从句可能较长，译起来往往难以安排，但一般还是将从句提前的译法为好：They were sons of the men who had left their homes and taken to the mountains with their broad swords by their

5、sides. 有2个“的”可以；有3个“的”就不合适、不自然了。5但如果定语从句太长太多，则必须用别的办法来处理：The principal person judged to be aimed at through the clause was one who had long previously attracted to himself a share of attention in many cities, whose influence was beginning to be felt amongst the working class, but who was able to boa

6、st of his descent from a rave of kings.人们断定这一条款针对的主要对象就是这些人：此人在许多城市已受到了注意，在工人阶级中已开始发生影响，但却夸耀自己是王族的后裔。6在翻译带非限制性定语从句的主从复合句时，一般将定语从句译成并列的形式，不做倒置：He was none of the long-winded prosy speakers, who seem to delight in talking chiefly because they give delight to nobody.I hope your success, which is an ins

7、piration to me, will continue.7他绝不是语言冗长乏味的演说家。那种演说家似乎主要以讲话使人不感兴趣为乐趣。我希望你继续取得成功。你的成功对我是个鼓舞。8一部分带有状语从句的复合句，翻译时需做大的调整，因汉语习惯于时间先后，原因 结果， 条件 结果的顺序来安排句子，而英语的状语从句则可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。I came as soon as I heard of his arrival.Dont scamp your work because you are pressed by time.You will fail unless you work harde

8、r.93.Readjustment of Passive Sentences英语被动语态比汉语用得多，被动句翻译成汉语时常需做出调整。较大的调整常见于那些以人的活动为主语，而动作的执行者给出（或虽未给出却很清楚）的句子：Everything possible was done to conceal our movements from the enemy and to mislead them. (Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War)One hundred and eighty years ago the simple and sublime

9、doctrine of equality was preached and taught and acted upon, but the doctrine has long been lost sight of. (G.R.Gammage History of the Chartist Movement)Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking, of former plains seen heaved aloft, of fires flashing out amid the ruin.10参考译文：我们已经采取了一切可能的措施以便对敌人隐瞒我

10、们的活动情况并误导敌人。180年前人们鼓吹传授朴素崇高的平等原则并身体力行，但是现在这个原则早已被忘记了。大山沉陷，平原升起，火焰喷射，周围是一片废墟，这些都有记载。11有些被动语态的句子如果有合适的状语，可以借用来充当句子的主语：Many agro-technicians have been trained in the county.Table tennis is played all over China.123.Sentence PolishingA good translated piece should stand the test of time and reading. The

11、 version should not only be smooth, coherent, natural, and idiomatic, but also keep as many rhetorical features of the original as possible.Some translated versions look quite all right at a glance, but a close examination may reveal its weaknesses. Therefore, a translator must check and revise his

12、work carefully after he has completed his draft, and only in this way can he do his translation work well.Please look at the following examples:131.Sergeant: Atten-shun! Major: As you were! Does any man here have a complaint? Any complaints, private? Private: No, sir. Major: Well, I have. I havent a

13、 cup of coffee in over a week. I havent had a decent meal in so long my stomach thinks my throats been cut. Polish for my buttons is as scarce as hens teeth14中士：立正！（立正）少校：稍息！你们当中有谁要诉苦？你有苦处要说吗，二等兵？二等兵：没有，长官。少校：我有。我有一个多星期没有喝咖啡了，很长时间没有吃过一顿像样的饭了，我的胃还以为我的喉咙被割断了呢。衣扣擦光剂也缺得像鸡齿一样 （缺得要命）152.Distant but distin

14、ct in the warm darkness the voice of the watchman in the steeple called to the sleeping old city, “Threeoclockand alls well.”在温暖的黑暗中，从远处清晰地传来了尖塔看守人对沉睡中的旧城喊叫的声音。“三点 钟一切平安！”（斯佳丽第30章 上海译文出版社）三 点啰 平安无事啰163.Anna was thin and black, a very umbrella of a woman.安娜是一个又黑又瘦的女人，简直像一把雨伞。安娜是一个又黑又瘦的女人，上身粗大，下身细长，活像一把雨伞。4.At 6:10 p.m., December 6, 1973, Gerald Rudolph Ford raised his right hand in the U.S. House of Representatives, where he had spent twenty-five years working toward but never getting the