第八章供应链战略ppt课件

1、供 应 链 战 略Operations Management运 营 管 理Chapter 8 Supply-Chain Strategy 第8章 供应链战略Supply-Chain Management Defined 供应链管理的定义Measuring Supply-Chain Performance 供应链绩效的丈量Bullwhip Effect 长鞭牛鞭效应Outsourcing Defined 外源外包的定义Value Density Defined 价值密度的定义Mass Customization Defined 大规模定制顾客化大量消费的定义What is Supply-Chai

2、n Management?Defined 什么是供应链管理？定义Supply-chain is a term that describes how organizations (suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers) are linked together. 供应链是一个描画许多组织供应商、制造商、销售商和顾客被链接在一同的术语Supply-chain management is a total system approach to managing the entire flow of information, mater

3、ials, and services from raw-material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customer. 供应链管理就是管理始于原料供应商，经由制造厂和仓库，终于最终顾客的完好的信息流、物料流和效力流的一种系统总体方法 Formulas for Measuring Supply-Chain Performance 丈量供应链绩效的公式Inventory Turnover = Cost of goods sold . Average aggregate inventory valueWeeks of

4、Supply = Average aggregate inventory value Cost of goods sold(52 Weeks)库存周转率 = 售出商品的本钱平均库存总值 可供周数 = 售出商品的本钱平均库存总值 52 周Example of Measuring Supply-Chain Performance 丈量供应链绩效的例题Suppose a companys new annual report claims their costs of goods sold for the year is $160 million and their total average inv

5、entory (production materials + work-in-process) is worth $35 million. This company is used to having any inventory turn ratio of 10. 假设某公司新近一年的年度报告称，他们这的年销售本钱为 160 X 美圆，平均总库存消费原料 +在制品的价值是 35 X 美圆。该公司往年的库存周转率均为10。What is this years Inventory Turnover ratio? What does it mean? 这年的库存周转率是多少？这样的周转率意味着什么？

6、Example of Measuring Supply-Chain Performance (Continued) 丈量供应链绩效的例题续Inventory Turnover = Cost of goods sold/Average aggregate inventory value = $160/$35 = 4.57库存周转率 = 售出商品的本钱 / 平均库存总值 = 160 / 35 = 4.57 Since the company is used to an inventory turnover of 10, a drop to 4.57 means that the inventory

7、 is not turning over as quickly as it had in the past. Without knowing the industry average of turns for this company it is not possible to comment on how they are competitively doing in the industry.由于该公司的库存周转率往年是10 , 这年降低至4.57 , 那么意味着它的库存周转没有以往那么快。假设不知道这家公司所在行业的平均周转率，是不能够评论它在行业中有多少竞争力的。Bullwhip Ef

8、fect 长鞭效应Order QuantityTime时间Retailers Orders 零售商订单Order QuantityTimeWholesalers Orders零售商订单Order QuantityTimeManufacturers Orders制造商订单The magnification of variability in orders in the supply-chain.供应链中订货量变化的放大过程A lot of retailers each with little variability in their orders.每当许多零售商的订货量发生少许变化时can le

9、ad to greater variability for a fewer number of wholesalers, and会导致少数零售商的订货量发生较大的变化，而且can lead to even greater variability for a single manufacturer. 会导致个别制造商的订货量发生更大的变化订货量Matching Supply-Chains with Products 供应链与产品的匹配Efficient Supply-Chain效率型供应链Responsive Supply-Chain反响式供应链Functional Products功能型产品I

10、nnovative Products革新型产品Match匹配Mismatch失配Match匹配Mismatch失配What is Outsourcing? Defined 外源外包 定义Outsourcing is defined as the act of moving a firms internal activities and decision responsibility to outside providers. 外源包就是一个公司把内部的一些活动和决策的职责移交给外部供应者的行为Reasons to Outsource 外源外包的缘由Organizationally-driven

11、 组织动因Improvement-driven 改良动因Financially-driven 财务动因Revenue-driven 收益动因Cost-driven 本钱动因Employee-driven 雇员动因Value Density Defined 价值密度 定义Value density is defined as the value of an item per pound of weight. 价值密度被定义为每磅物品的价值It is used as an important measure when deciding where items should be stocked g

12、eographically and how they should be shipped. 当决议物品该当库存在何地和该当如何发货的时候，它是一种重要的测评方法Mass Customization Defined 大规模定制顾客化大量消费 定义Mass customization is a term used to describe the ability of a company to deliver highly customized products and services to different customers. 大规模定制是用来描画一家公司针对各种不同的顾客提供高度顾客化产品

13、和效力的才干的术语The key to mass customization is effectively postponing the tasks of differentiating a product for a specific customer until the latest possible point in the supply-chain network. 大规模定制的关键在于对消费各特定顾客产品时的作业加以区分，把其中不同的部分，有效地推迟至供应链网络中尽能够靠后的一个点Electronic Commerce and E-Ops Defined 电子商务与电子运营 定义El

14、ectronic commerce (EC) is defined as “the use of computer applications communicated over networks to allow buyers and sellers to complete a transaction or part of a transaction. 电子商务的定义是，“利用遍及于通讯网络中的电脑让买方和卖方完成买卖或部分买卖。E-Ops is a term that refers to the application of the Internet and its attendant te

15、chnologies to the field of operations management. 电子运营是一个关于运用因特网及其伴随技术于运营管理领域的术语。 Traditional vs. Electronic Commerce Purchasing传统商务与电子商务的采购Process StepTraditionalElectronic Commerce 过程步骤 传统商务 电子商务Acquire product information获取产品信息Magazines, flyers, online catalogues 杂志、传单 在线产品样本Web pages网页Send order

16、发订单Fax, mail、邮件, Web pages电子邮件、网页Check inventory at warehouse 库房核对清单Printed form, phone form打印的文件、Online database, Web pages在线数据库、网页Buyer sends payment买方付款Mail邮件EDI电子数据交换The Context of E-Ops 电子运营的组织构造Business Model 商务模型“How we make our money?我们如何赚钱？Operations 运营“How do we manage production of the product or service? 如何管理产品或效力的消费？Information System Architecture信息系统构造 “The set of tools used to support processes.支持过程的成套工具 Business Web Models 商务网络模型B-WebModel商务网络模型Example实例Marketplace 市场型EbayAggregator 聚合型E-TradeAlliance 联盟型AOLValue Chain 价值链型 Dell ComputersDistributive Network配送网络型UPSE-Ops A