Book7_U1_语法讲解

1、 第 PAGE 4 页 共 NUMPAGES 4 页 Transitive verbs and intransitive verbs动词的种类动词的种类比较复杂，大致可以根据其在句子中的功用分为及物动词与不及物动词，连系动词介乎二者之间。及物动词和不及物动词(Transitive and intransitive verbs)1. 及物动词要求有直接宾语。如：John Ford himself opened the door to me.2. 不及物动词则不需要宾语。如：The car stopped.3. 及物动词可以有一个或两个（直接和间接）宾语或复合宾语。如：Mist clothed t

2、he hills. They gave him the first injection.4. 只有及物动词可用于被动语态。如：The meeting will be held in the town hall.5. 许多动词既可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词。如：He turned his horses head and rode away. Tom turned towards Maggie.6. 有些不及物动词有时可用作及物动词。如：He walked the horse to and fro.7. 有些不及物动词用作及物动词时可后接同源宾语。如：Morell dreamed an ex

3、traordinary dream last night.8. 有些动词形式相似，但一为及物动词，一为不及物动词，有lay与lie，raise与rise，set与sit等。如：Theyve raised a statue in memory of Robert Burns. The kite rises in the sky.9. 有些及物动词常用作不及物动词以表示被动意义，这时主语往往是物而不是人。如The books sold out in a week.连系动词(linking verbs)1. 连系动词是一个表示谓语关系的动词。它必须后接表语。be 是最基本的连系动词。如：It is

4、not late.Shelley was an atheist.He had been in Germany for five years.My idea is to go there right today.The problem is finding the right house.That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.2. 常用的连系动词还有appear，become，get，look，remain，seem等。如：Gradually he become silent.Tennys face remained e

5、xpressionless.The dish smells good.His explanation sounds all right.3. 有些可以和形容词连用的动词也属于连系动词，有blow open，blush red，break loose，grow worse，fall ill，stand quiet，turn pale等。含被动意义的主动语态形式 有些不及物动词（其主语大都指物）的主动语态可以表示被动意义。这种不及物动词有下 列几种：1）某些连系动词，如smell，taste，sound，prove，feel等。 （1）The flowers smell sweet. （2）The

6、 food tastes nice. （3）That sounds very reasonable. （4）The story proved quite false.2）某些与cant，wont等连用的不及物动词，如move，lock，shut，open等。 （5）It cant move. （6）The door wont shut.3）某些可和well，easily等副词连用的不及物动词，如read，write，wash，clean，draw，burn，cook，photograph等。 （7）The cloth washes well. （8）The poem reads smoothl

7、y. （9）The cistern doesnt clean easily. （10）This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.4）某些可用于“主+谓+主补”结构中的不及物动词，如wear，blow等。 （11）This material has worn thin. （12）The door blew open.有些不及物动词的进行时亦具有被动意义。如： （13）Corn is selling briskly.【注】上述不及物动词有些亦可用作及物动词，但二者有所不同。如：The door opened.The door was o

8、pened.例强调the door本身内在的特性，表明“门”本身可开可关，不强调动作的执行者；例则相反，强调“门被人打开了”，与门本身的特性无关。练习：1. Parents _ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply2. How did you like Nicks performance last night? To be honest, his singing didnt

9、_ to me much. A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur3. The new movie_ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. opposes4. Just as Professor Scotti often_ it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude. A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means5. The Somali ro

10、bbers frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to_ all nations to take immediate action. A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on6. The good thing about children is that they_ very easily to new environments. A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply7. Are you happy with your new comp

11、uter No, it is_ me a lot of trouble. A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing8. It was already past midnight and only three young men_ in the tea house. A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted9. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to_ a good teacher. A. make B. turn C.

12、get D. grow10. The doctor said jokingly that his own infection of the virus _ the discovery of a vaccine（疫苗）of the disease. A. stood for B. called for C. paid for D. contributed to11.Shall I pick you up tonight? No, thanks. Dont _ to come. I can take a taxi. A. have B. bother C. worry D. annoy12. Ma

13、ny people are curious about what it was that _ you to leave America for China. A. led B. let C. made D. had13. Now that you have accepted the task, the only thing you can de now is _ on how to fulfill it. A. reflect B. try C. think D. act14. Why are the housing prices in big cities increasing？ Becau

14、se people are _ in great numbers. A. breaking B. filling C. pouring D. hurrying15. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made16. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the w

15、ords _. A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped17. Linda, make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive. A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting18. Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. we

16、re expected19. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _ now. A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained20. Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? Sorry. _. A. Its repaired B. It has been repaired C. Its

17、being repaired D. It had been repaired21. What is the price of petrol these days? Oh, it _sharply since last month. A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased22. Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? Yes, I have. I guess it _ now. A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is gr

18、ading23. I dont suppose the police know who did it. Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now. A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned24. My friend, who _ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. ser

19、ved B. is serving C. had served D. has served25. I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred26. Have you received Jacks plan? Yes, but I dont think his plan is_ . A. worth being considered B. wo