现在完成时讲解课件（基础课堂）

1、语法课堂1智囊经验上一页现在完成时下一页主菜单2智囊经验现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语及动词过去分词短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与have gone 比较与一般过去时的用法比较3智囊经验Mother: John, clean your teeth please.John: Mum, I have already(已经) cleaned them.4智囊经验 现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页主语+have (has）+ 过去分词5智囊经验例句： I have already had lunch. Have you had

2、lunch yet? Yes, I have. No, I havent. I havent had lunch yet. He has gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆。 6智囊经验现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 7智囊经验现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造

3、成的结果是:现在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free.(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单用法1. 表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。 (与一般过去时对比，一般过去时强调的是发生在过去的动作而现在完成时强调的是现在的结果或影响。) 8智囊经验现在完成时的主要用法 用法2. 动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。I have lived here for 3 years.He has taught English since 2001.9智囊经验3.表示人曾有过或到目

4、前为止从未有过的经历.上一页下一页I have ever been to the Summer Palace?(我曾去过颐和园)Mary has gone to BeiJing with her mother(去了) I have never had a car. (我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的主要用法主菜单10智囊经验现在完成时的时间状语常与already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 连用上一页下一页主

5、菜单11智囊经验12动词过去分词的变化规则规则变化： 一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如：worked played wanted acted以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided hoped 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：studied tried copied cried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped begged dropped planned 12智囊经验13不规则变化AB型can -could shall-should will-would

6、may-mightAAA型cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-putset-set-set shut-shut-shut read-read-read AAB型beat-beat-beaten ABA型become-became-become come-came-come run-ran-run 13智囊经验现在完成时标志词1在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.14智囊经验a）already 往往

7、用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？15智囊经验2. yet在现在完成时中的用法 否定句:句末 “还(没)”疑问句: 句末 “己经” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet

8、. Have you had breakfast yet?16智囊经验b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ 17智囊经验c） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。They have just finished the work.

9、他们刚刚完成那项工作。18智囊经验现在完成时标志词1在表示“用法2”时，现在完成时常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far ,up to now等时间状语连用。19智囊经验1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段时间20智囊经验2. since +从句(一般过去时)单词 词组 (表示过去某一时间的)时间点Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have be

10、en here since I graduated in 2000.21智囊经验since: (自以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+ 时间段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+ 从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (长达）for+ 时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法: Take notes 22智囊经验 注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另

11、外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.23智囊经验注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?24智囊经验短暂性动词与

12、延续动词间的转换25智囊经验leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married be26智囊经验短暂性动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问

13、句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。主菜单27智囊经验 become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away (

14、 from), 下一页上一页主菜单28智囊经验 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单29智囊经验 翻 译 练 习： 1.我买了这块手表五年了。 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. The old

15、 man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单30智囊经验 3.他已经回来三天了。 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5.我离开家乡已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. I have left h

16、ometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单31智囊经验have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”上一页下一页主菜单32智囊经验 Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been

17、 there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单33智囊经验与一般过去时的用法比较一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。 上一页下一页主菜单34智囊经验四)It is/has been +一段时间 +sin

18、ce+句子(一般过去时) =一段时间+has passed +since + 句子(一般过去时) Eg. It is/has been five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.35智囊经验eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bo

19、ught an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。主菜单36智囊经验二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时: 上一页下一页eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。eg： They have known each other since

20、 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.主菜单37智囊经验三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, last +时间 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .主菜单38智囊经验上一页现在完成时练习主菜单39智囊经验动 词 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) t

21、he room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单40智囊经验4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interes

22、ting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页上一页主菜单41智囊

23、经验选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsi

24、nce下一页上一页主菜单42智囊经验用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.H

25、i Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单43智囊经验改 错1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away tod

26、ay. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单44智囊经验The house is dirty. We _it for weeks.A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told

27、 B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning45智囊经验6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C