高三英语复习：语法填空讲义学案（无答案）

1、专题十六 语法填空*考纲解读：语法填空体现了新课改由语法知识到语法技能的教学观念的转变以及当今高考英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。该题型是把语法真正地放在了语境中考查，同时，借助多种考查方式，把对学生的要求由一知半解甚至生搬硬套，提高到自然、自发地运用语法知识去表达的水平，而且要求学生必须掌握每一个语法项目的基本概念、用法等。*命题趋势：语法填空属于一种不设选项的完型填空题，完形填空注重词义的选择或词的搭配，语法填空注重考查语言形式和逻辑结构。也就是说语法填空题以语篇为载体，考查学生的语法和词汇知识。其主要特点是：文章短小，语言紧凑：短文的长度一般在200词

2、左右（包括空格），平均设空密度为15词一空，基本不影响对语境的把握。与传统的完形填空题不同，语法填空第一句话也可以挖空。设空多样，覆盖全面：语法填空题考查的是语境加语法，而语法又占据了关键性的地位。词汇的考查涉及动词、代词、名词、连词、冠词、介词、形容词、副词等；语法项目则包括非谓语动词、定语从句、状语从句、并列句、形容词和副词的比较级、系表结构等。体裁固定，话题熟悉：纵观近几年高考语法填空，都是以记叙文和说明文为主，所选材料侧重有故事情节、行文逻辑强、用语合乎规范的短文，而且短文所叙述的内容一般都不会让考生感到陌生。夹叙夹议类文章是一种趋势。* 语法填空黄金准则：词性、词义、词形一有提示词：

3、1.提示词是动词：首先，确定设空处的词的性质，如果确定是动词含义，紧接着判断需要的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，思考方向：1）若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但所填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词在句子中作谓语，就要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致。2）若句中已有谓语动词，且所给动词也不是并列谓语时，要填的词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词，就要确定是doing,done 还是 to do. = 1 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 作主语或宾语，通常用doing表示习惯或一般情况，用to do 表示具体情况； = 2 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 作目的状语或在形容词后作

4、状语，一般用to do = 3 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（doing），若是被动关系，用过去分词（done）。提示词是形容词或副词。 如果设空处提供的是形容词或副词，一是可能考查词性的转换；另一种情况是考查比较等级。3. 提示词是名词。 如果给出的提示词是名词，首先确定词的性质，是否根据需要转换为其它词性，如形容词、副词或动词等；如不需要转换词性，可能是考查词形变化，如变成名词复数、名词所有格等。二无提示词：纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、引导词（引导从句的词）、助动词、情态动词和固定搭配等。1. Chi

5、na has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moons far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because

6、the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (

7、环形山)， more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain

8、information about how the moon 68 (construct) Data about the moons composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.2. Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Y

9、ear is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in m

10、any parts of the country:Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them o

11、ften in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colore

12、d buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.3 In ancient China lived an artist. 61 paintings were almost lifelike. The artists reputation had made him proud. One day the empe

13、ror wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would 63 (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man tol

14、d him to travel to the Li Riverperhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the r

15、iver. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he

16、saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.4，Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 1

17、9th centuries, 36 （wealth）people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38（form）the core collecti

18、on of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the public 40（call）galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museums collection 41 （be）on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As w

19、ell as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）and imagine 42 （they） living at a different time in history or 43 （walk）through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the citys Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the

20、old town. Historical 44 （accurate）is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45 peoples spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children. 5 ，Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building,

21、and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_1_(attract). So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_2_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will

22、 be their UK ambassador. The title will be _3_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back _4_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _5_ I was the first Western TV reporter_6_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the

23、 wild. My ambassadorial duties will include _7_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _8_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches hi

24、m every few _9_( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, _10_ other is with mum-she never suspects.1._ 2. _3._ 4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._2. If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 1_(great)and less importance. The

25、n, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 2_(achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3 _(be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused_4_our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive_5_poss

26、ible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent_6_(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for_8_while, exercisi

27、ng, or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 9 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 10_(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

28、1. _ 2. _3._ 4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._3. In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China,Japan,Korea, 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal.

29、Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might_2_(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal_3_(create)special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food

30、in large pots, _4_(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time,_5_the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which_6_(gradual)turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar

31、 Confucius, 7lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and_9_(be) too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat10their han

32、ds.1. _ 2. _3._ 4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._4. It was raining lightly when I _1_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours _2_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _3_(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream

33、place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _4_ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _5_(painting). Instead, I d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _6_car and offers all the scenery of the better-known cit

34、y.Yangshuo _7_(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers _8_(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it

35、_9_(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people _10_(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.1. _ 2. _3._ 4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._5. The adobe dwellings(土坯房）_1_(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _2_ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to th

36、eir simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _3_(able) to “air condition” a house without _4_（use）electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat_5_（slow）during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks

37、, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _6_(cool) the house during the hot day: _7_ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _8 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outsid

38、e temperatures. As _9_ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _10_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.1. _ 2. _3._4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._6. Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix？ In 1969, the pollution was terrible along

39、 the CuyahogaRiver near Cleveland, Ohio. It _1_ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it _2_(actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of _3_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few

40、 days _4_even a few months. It took years of work _5_ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _6_ (clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _7_is driving your family crazy.

41、Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are _8_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _9_(change) are gradual and require

42、 a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be _10_ (patience).1. _ 2. _3._4._ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._7. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _1_(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _2_some of them looked very anxious and

43、_3_ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _4_the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike _5_(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refuse

44、d _6_ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept _7_(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ _8_ anyone lose

45、a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear！It is _9_（I）”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the passengers _10_（sudden）became friendly to one another.1. _ 2. _3._4. _ 5._6. _ 7

46、. _8._9. _ 10._8. Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said _1_ was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，we had planned for months.When the day came，we were ready. After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our re

47、servation six months _2_(early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We _3_(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，_4_ for the week after.I didnt understand _5_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged _6_ the reservation.Whats worse，the hot

48、el had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was _7_(surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _8_ top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room，and we werent charged extra. The next day，my brother and I went to the

49、 beach _9_ we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little _10_(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.1. _ 2. _3._4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._9. One day，Nick invited his friends to supper.He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly，he _1_ (find)that he h

50、ad run out of salt.So Nick called to his son，“Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much _2_ too little.” His son looked surprised.“I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much，Father，but if I can pay less, _3_ not save a bit of money?”“That would be a very _4_(

51、reason)thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.Nicks guests, _5_ had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.Nick replied，“The only reason a man would sell salt _6_ a lower price would be because he was desper

52、ate for money.And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect _7_ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing couldnt _8_(possible) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, there was only _9_ very small amount of unfai

53、rness in the world，but everyone added a little，always _10_(think) that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.”1. _ 2. _3._4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._9. _ 10._10. One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival.I left it early because I had an appointme

54、nt_1_(late) that day.My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me_2_ the bus arrived.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back，and then I noticed a man_3_(sit) at the front.He _4_(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.He must be_5_(mental) disabled.Behind him were

55、 other people to _6_ he was trying to talk，but after some minutes _7_ walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _8_ his own either.After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next to the ma

56、n and introduced myself.We had _9_ amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.Im glad I made the choice.It made _10_ of us feel good.1. _ 2. _3._ 4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._ 9. _ 10._11 Research has become both simpler and more complex. Its simpler beca

57、use, _1_ you have a computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet. For all your information, you dont have to go to _2_ library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet _3_ print the copies needed.Remember, howev

58、er, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you _4_ always rely just on the Internet for your research.While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become _5_ complex. There is a lot more material available, which means you may be over

59、whelmed _6_ the amount of information. You need to learn _7_ to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also, _8_need to check the accuracy of it.1. _ 2. _3._4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _8._12. Sometimes we have disagreements with people.When this (1)h_，the important thing is

60、 to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument.Here (2)_ my tips for you. The (3)f_ thing I would say is that the way you begin the conversation is very important. Imagine you are a student and you share a flat (4)_ another student who you think isnt doing her share of the housewor