[4]何自然语用学概论[M]长沙湖南教育出版社46

1、English Writing 1I. Introduction to writing a bibliography2Papers based on research should have a Bibliography section. A bibliography is a list of the sources you used to get information for your paper. It is included at the end of your paper, on the last paper or last few pages. When writing a bib

2、liography, remember that the purpose is to communicate to the reader, in a standardized manner, the sources that you have used in sufficient detail to be identified. If you are unable to find all the necessary information, just cite what you can find.When assembling a final bibliography, list your s

3、ources in alphabetical order by authors last names. Sources that do not have authors should be alphabetized by title. There are different formats for bibliographies. Use the one your instructor prefers.3For references1. Book with one author or editor:Bell, Stewart. The Martyrs Oath: The Apprenticesh

4、ip of a Homegrown Terrorist. Mississauga, ON: Wiley, 2005.Biale, David, ed. Cultures of the Jews: A New History. New York: Schocken, 2002.Bowker, Michael. Fatal Deception: The Untold Story of Asbestos: Why It Is Still Legaland Still Killing Us. N.p.: Rodale, 2003.4If your citation is from one volume

5、 of a multivolume work and each volume has its own title, you need cite only the actual volume you have used without reference to other volumes in the work.Example: The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud comes in 5 volumes, written by Peter Gay.Bohlman, Herbert M., and Mary Jane Dundas. The Leg

6、al, Ethical and InternationalEnvironment of Business. 5th ed. Cincinnati, OH: West, 2002.Bolman, Lee G., and Terrence E. Deal. Leading with Soul: An Uncommon Journeyof Spirit. Rev. ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2001.Calvesi, Maurizio, and Lorenzo Canova, eds. Rejoice! 700 Years of Art for the Papa

7、lJubilee. New York: Rizzoli, 1999.53. Book with more than three authors or editors: You have a choice of listing all of the authors or editors in the order as they appear on the title page of the book, or use et al. from the Latin et alii, or et aliae, meaning and others after the first author or ed

8、itor named.Nelson, Miriam E., Kristin R. Baker, Ronenn Roubenoff, and Lawrence Lindner.Strong Women and Men Beat Arthritis. New York: Perigee, 2003. 4.Book with compilers, or compilers and editors:McClay, John B., and Wendy L. Matthews, comps. and eds. Corpus Juris Humorous: A Compilation of Outrage

9、ous, Unusual, Infamous and Witty Judicial Opinions from 1256 A.D. to the Present. New York: Barnes, 1994.65.Book with no author or editor stated:Macleans Canadas Century: An Illustrated History of the People and Events That Shaped Our Identity. Toronto: Key, 1999.Microsoft PowerPoint Version 2002 St

10、ep by Step. Redmond, WA: Perspection, 2001.6.Book with one author, translated by another:Muller, Melissa. Anne Frank: The Biography. Trans. Rita and Robert Kimber. New York: Metropolitan, 1998.7.Work in an anthology, a collection by several authors, with one or more editors and/or compilers:Fox, Cha

11、rles James. Liberty Is Order, Liberty Is Strength. What Is a Man? 3,000 Years of Wisdom on the Art of Manly Virtue. Ed. Waller R. Newell. New York: Harper, 2001. 306-7.78.Article in an encyclopedia with an author:If the encyclopedia is well known and articles are arranged alphabetically, it is not n

12、ecessary to indicate the volume and page numbers. If the encyclopedia is not well known, you must give full publication information including author, title of article, title of encyclopedia, name of editor or edition, number of volumes in the set, place of publication, publisher and year of publicat

13、ion.Kibby, Michael W. Dyslexia. World Book Encyclopedia. 2000 ed.Midge, T. Powwows. Encyclopedia of North American Indians. Ed. D.L. Birchfield.11 vols. New York: Cavendish, 1997.8 15. Definition from a dictionary:When citing a definition from a dictionary, add the abbreviation Def. after the word.

14、If the word has several different definitions, state the number and/or letter as indicated in the dictionary.Mug. Def. 2. The New Lexicon Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary of theEnglish Language. Canadian ed. 1988.16. Government publication:Cite government document in the following order if no author

15、 is stated: 1) Government, 2) Agency, 3) Title of publication, underlined, 4) Place of publication, 5) Publisher, 6) Date.Canada. Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. Gathering Strength: Canadas Aboriginal Action Plan. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works andGovernment Services Canada, 2

16、000.9II. DiscussionIs there any difference between a “bibliography ” and a “reference list”? How to make an appropriate reference list for a research paper?In a strict sense, there is difference between a bibliography and a reference list: A reference list contains only those works that you referred

17、 to in your paper, while a bibliography may include works that you have consulted during your research but you did not cite in your paper. Research paper writing usually requires a reference list rather than a bibliography.10A common problem in students papers is that the reference list includes the

18、 works that were not cited in the text while the cited works are excluded. This is due to the lack of timely revisions of the reference list along with repeated revisions of the text. A solution to this problem is to go through the whole paper by page and tick the references in the working bibliogra

19、phy that appear in the text. Delete those that have not been marked. Enter all those remaining ones into the section of references. Meanwhile you should add cited works to the reference list if they are not included in your working bibliography.11III. Students SamplesBibliography 1 Gillian Brown, Ki

20、rsten Malinkjaer, Alastair Pollott, John Williams, Language and Understanding C . Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language and Education Press, 1999 2 Jef Verschueren. Understanding Pragmatics M . Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Edward Arnold (Publishers) Limited, 2000 3 Larry A Sa

21、movar, Richard E Porter, Lisa A Stefani. Communication Between Cultures. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Brooks/ Cole/Thomson Learning Asia, 2000124何自然语用学概论M长沙：湖南教育出版社，19885覃先美高等学校英语专业毕业论文导写长沙：湖南师范大学出版社，20016西光正编语境研究论文集北京：北京语言学院出版社，19927约翰费斯克等编撰，李彬译注关键概念：传播与文化研究辞典北京：新华出版社，2004

22、8费尔迪南德索绪尔，高名凯译普通语言学教程M北京：商务印书馆，20019陈阳符号学方法在大众传播中的应用AOL10刘建芳语境与语境理解J商丘师范学院学报，2003，(6)13 ReferencesBurt, M and Kiparsky, C. The Gooficon: A Repair Manual for English. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 1972Dulay, H et al. Language Two. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982Gebhard, J G. Teaching English az a

23、Foreign or Second Language. The University of Michigan Press, 1996Gui Shichun. Applied Linguistics. Changsha: Hunan Educational Press, 1988Hendricson, J M. The effects of error correction treatments upon adequate and accurate communication in the written composition of adult learners of English as a

24、 second language. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University, Columbus, 1976 (Quoted in Dulay,et al. :1982)Ma Guanghui and Wen Qiufang. The relationship of L2 learners linguistic variables to L2 writing ability. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999,4:34 39Ransdell, S and Levy, C M. Working

25、 memory constraints on writing quality and fluency In Levy, C M and Ransdell, S (eds.)The Science of Writing. Laurence Erbaum Associates Publishers, 199514Tang Chunhong. English grammar and writing. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1993,4: 65 69Widdowson, H G. Teaching Language as Communicati

26、on. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978Xu Weicheng. Cohesive ties and chains in good and poor Chinese college students composition Teaching English in China, 1999,4:17 25Yang Chunpu. Thought patterns and teaching writing skills. Foreign Languages and Their Teaching, 1996,4:47 -48Yang Huizhong. On

27、the practical English competence of Chinese students-a view from an analysis of CET-6 . Journal of the Foreign Language World,2000,1:46 -52Zhang Aiqing. Problems of deficiency of writing competence in college English. Foreign Languages and Their Teaching, 1998, 12: 13 15Zhang Zaixi, et al. A discuss

28、ion on the teaching of writing . Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1995,4:43 5015IV. Assignment Find some journal articles that include bibliography. Read the bibliography and its relevant text.1617K8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0

29、z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVk

30、ShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D

31、2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v%s#

32、pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYnVkSgPdLa

33、I7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*t

34、$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y(v%s#oXlUiUiQ

35、fNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdLaI6F3C0

36、y)v%s#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&s!pYmUjRgOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWlTlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlThQeNbJ8G5D1A-w*t$qYn

37、VkSgPdLaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D1z-w&t!qYmVjSgOdL9I6F3B0y)v%s#oXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMaJ7G4C1z-w&t!pYmVjRgOdL9I6E3B0y(v%s#oXlTiQfNbK8H5D2A-x*u$qZnWkShPdMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G

38、5D2A-x*t$qZnVkShPdMaI7F4C0z)w&s!pXmUjRfOcL9H6E2B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUiRfOcK9H6E2B+x(u%rZoWlThQeMbJ8G4D1A-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYmVjSgOdLaI6F3B0y)v%s#pXlUiQfNcK8H5E2A+x*u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y(v%

39、s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$qZnWkShPeMaJ7F4C1z)w&t!pYmUjRgOcL9I6E3B+y(v%r#oXlTiQeNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(u%r#oWlTiQeNbJ8G5D1A-x*t$qYnVkSgPdMaI7F3C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2B+y(u%rZoWlThQeNbJ8G4D1A-w*t$qYnVjSgPdLaI7F3C0y)v&s#pXmUiRfNcK9H5E2B+x(u$rZoWkThQeMbJ7G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgOdLaI6F3C0y)v%s#p#pXlUiRfNcK8H5E2A+x(u$rZnWkThPeMbJ7G4C1z-w&t!qYmVjRgOdL9I6F3B0y(v%s#oXlUiQfNbK8H5D2A+x*u$rZnWkShPeMaJ7G4C1z)w&t!pYmVjRgOcL9I6E3B0y(v%r#oXlTiQfNbK8G5D2A-x*u$qZnVkShPdMaJ7F4C0z)w&s!pYmUjRfOcL9H6E3B+y(v%r#oWlTiQeNbK8G5D1A-x*t$qZnVkSgPdMaI7F4C0z)v&s!pXmUjRfOcK9H6E2