unit4 astronomy the science of the stars reading

1、astronomer1 Do you know which one is not a mammal哺乳动物哺乳动物?koala2 Snakes and tortoises belong to _,while frogs and toads belong to_. A amphibians 两栖动物两栖动物 B reptiles爬行动物爬行动物 ?3 How Life Began on the Earth：Which came first ?How Life Began on the EarthReading.mp3Reading Comprehension ISkimmingWhats the

2、 main idea of the text? A brief introduction on how human beings were born. B. A brief introduction on the birth of the universe and life on the earth. C. The “Big Bang” had a great effect on the birth of the earth. D. The appearance of human beings was a disaster to the earth. Paragraph 1:Paragraph

3、 2:Paragraph 3:Paragraph 4:Paragraph 5:A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe The formation of the earth The importance of water for life The development of plants and animals on the earth The arrival of humans and their impact on the earthMatch the main idea of each paragraph.

4、Fast reading Detailed ReadingHow life began on the earthHow life began on the earthTrue or false 1. According to a widely accepted theory, the universe a “Big Bang”, after which the earth was still for several billionyears. 2. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 3. Water

5、harmful gases and acids ,and it only appeared on the earth. 4. As for mammals , they produced young generally by laying eggs. 5. Clever animals with hands and feet, are protecting the earth well instead of other less important animals.Stage 1: The development of the earth(1) After the Big Bang, what

6、 happened? a cloud of dust a violent solid ball 1. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人知道，知道38-45亿年前这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状体。句中句中“What it was to become ” 是一个是一个主语从句，在句中充当主语，谓语动词用主语从句，在句中充当主语，谓语动词用单数。单数。（was to b

7、ecome ） be to do :注定要，注定要，必定会必定会2. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. violent: a. 暴力的暴力的,激烈的激烈的 词形变化词形变化:副词副词:violently a. She was in violent temper. 她暴跳如雷。她暴跳如雷。 主语从句，主语从句，it为形式主语，为形式主语，whether引到真正引到真正的主语。（注：有的主语。（注：有or not时，只能用时，只能用whether不用不用if）

8、 exploded with fire and rock produced water vapour and gases(2) What happened next?3.They were in time to produce carbon in time:及时，终于及时，终于 in time (for sth/ to do sth)= not lateThe car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident. 汽车及时停下，避免了一场车祸。汽车及时停下，避免了一场车祸。b. Can we get to the station in

9、time? 我们能及时到达车站吗？我们能及时到达车站吗？Water appeared which is important for the beginning of life on the earth. (3) What appeared on the earth then?cool 1) v. Please open the window to cool the room. 2) adj. 凉爽的，冷静的，沉着的，冷漠的，冷淡的凉爽的，冷静的，沉着的，冷漠的，冷淡的 be/get/seem/keep cool His songs received a cool response from t

10、he public.4. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 随着地球的冷却随着地球的冷却, 地球的表面就开始出现了水。地球的表面就开始出现了水。cool downa.凉快起来，冷却凉快起来，冷却b.指人的心境指人的心境“平静下来，使平静下来，使平静下来平静下来” Dont cover the TV until it cools down. I tried to cool her down but she was still very angry when she left. (5) What did

11、the water do?It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.1. Big Bang (threw matter in all directions)2. a cloud of dust3. a solid globe4. exploded with fire and rock5. produce the carbon, nitrogen, water vapour, How did the earth come into being?6. cooled down7.

12、 water appeared8. harmful gases were dissolvedThe development of lifeThe development of lifeextremely small plants What life developed after water appeared?Stage 2: The development of life in water green plants on land(2) What life developed after the life in water?insects on landamphibians on land

13、as well as in the wateras well as 还，（除还，（除之外）之外）也可连接两个并列的谓语，其时态要保持一可连接两个并列的谓语，其时态要保持一致。致。 He sings as well as dances.可连接两个不定式，但后一个动词的不定可连接两个不定式，但后一个动词的不定式符号式符号“to”要省略要省略 My mum doesnt allow me to play computer games as well as watch TV.3. 在连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要与前一个保持在连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要与前一个保持一致。一致。 He as well

14、 as I is playing football.用于否定句中连接两个主语时，若位于用于否定句中连接两个主语时，若位于not前，两前，两个都否定，若位于个都否定，若位于not后，则否定前者，肯定后者。后，则否定前者，肯定后者。 Tom as well as Mark is not playing football now. Tom is not playing football as well as Mark now . Tom 和和Mark 现在没在踢球。现在没在踢球。 Tom 现在没有和现在没有和Mark踢球。（踢球。（ Mark正在踢球）正在踢球）forestsStage 3: The development of life on land(1) What life developed next on land? reptiles on land dinosaurs on land(2) What life developed after forests appeared?mammals on land(3) What life developed after dinosaurs? small clever animals(4) What life develop