石油专业英语

1、目 录 Content Content 一，钻井工艺基本知识 Drilling basic knowledge 二，钻机类型及组成 Rig type and composition一. . 钻井施工基本知识 Basic knowledge of drilling construction 石油钻井：是指利用专用设备和技术，在预先选定的地表位置处，向下或一侧钻出一定直径的孔眼，一直达到地下油气层的工作. Oil drilling: To drill certain diameter holes down or side to underground reservoir in pre-select

2、ed location using specialized equipment and technology.1、钻井方法的发展 History of drilling 钻井方法主要有： 1）人工掘井 2）人力冲击钻 3）机械顿钻（冲钻） 4）旋转钻井1）人工掘井：Manual drilling (dug well by hands): 1521年之前。靠人下井凿开岩石再将岩屑提出井外。这种钻井方式在一定时间内适应于盐井、油井，但存在速度慢、工期长、井壁易坍塌、井深导致人窒息等不足。 Before the year of 1521. By people under well to cut ro

3、ck cuttings well are put forward.Adapt to this way of drilling in a certain time in the brine well, the well, but there is slow and long construction period, easy to collapse, well depth of shaft wall, cause people suffocation, etc2）人力冲击钻：Manual impact drill: 15211835年，是靠人力、捞砂筒、 特殊钻头、悬绳、游梁等来完成的。 Bet

4、ween the year of 1521 to 1835, drill holes by hand, bailer, special bits, hanging rope and beam, etc.3）机械顿钻（冲钻）：Mechanical percussion drilling (chopping drilling): 18591901年，靠机械冲击作用 破岩，破岩和清岩相间进行。 Between the year of 1859 to 1901, an earlier method of drilling used before the introduction of modern r

5、otary methods. The bit used to break rock was not rotated but reciprocated by means of a strong wire rope. Rock breaking and cuttings clearing are conducted by turn. 4）旋转钻井： Rotary drilling: 发展于1901年，靠动力带动钻头旋转，在旋转的过程中破碎井底岩石， 同时循环钻井液以清洁井底的钻井方法。旋转钻井又分为转盘钻井、井下动力钻具钻井、顶部驱动旋转钻井。 Developed in the year of 1

6、901; to break rocks by power driven rotating bit and clean well by circulating drilling fluid. Rotary drilling includes rotary table drilling, downhole power drilling and top-drive rotary drilling. 2、钻井施工工序 Drilling procedures1）钻井就是利用钻机设备及破岩工具破碎地层形成井 筒的工艺过程，目地是进行地质评价、发现油气藏、开发油气藏。 Drilling is the pro

7、cess of breaking formation by rig and rock-breaking tools to conduct geological evaluation, search for oil and gas reservoirs and develop oil and gas reservoirs. 施工工序:钻进洗井接单根起下钻完钻. Procedures： Drilling ahead clean hole make up a joint round trip finishing drilling .2）固井就是向井内下入一定尺寸的套管串，并在其周 围注入高压水泥浆，

8、把套管固定到井壁上，避免井壁坍塌。 Cementation is the process of placement of liquid slurry of cement and water outside the casing run in the hole. It helps to fix casing to borehole wall against collapse. 施工工序：下套管至预定深度装水泥头循环泥浆接地面管线打隔离液注水泥顶胶塞替泥浆碰压注水泥结束候凝。 Procedures: run casing to scheduled depth Pick up cementing h

9、ead. Circulate mud 、 Connecting ground pipeline Pump spacer Cement Pump down the plug Displace cementing Bump plug Complete cementing Wait on cement . 二. .钻机类型及组成 Rig types and componentsRig types and components 1、类型： 根据钻井深度分为浅井钻机、中 深井钻机、深井钻机，根据驱动方式分为机械驱动钻机、电驱动钻机，根据搬迁方式分为撬装钻机和车装钻机。 Divided into thre

10、e types: shallow well rig, medium depth well rig, deep well rig according to different drilling depth divided into two types: mechanical driven rig and electric driven rig according to different driven way.; divided into two types: skid-mounted rig and truck mounted rig according to different moving

11、 way. 1）、机械驱动钻机类型及特点 Mechanical driven rig types and features 类型：机械驱动钻机是指以柴油机为动力，通过液力变矩器、链条、齿轮、三角胶带等不 同组合的传动形式所驱动的钻机，主要包括齿轮传动、胶带传动和链条传动三种形式，具有制造方便成本低的特点。 Type: Mechanical driven rig is a diesel powered rig driven by various combinations of hydraulic torque converter, chains, gears, triangle tapes. I

12、t has three transmission ways: gear transmission ,tape transmission and chain transmission .It has features such as convenient manufacturing and low cost. 2）、电驱动钻机类型及特点 Types and features of electric driven rigs 类型：电驱动钻机包括直流电机驱动和交流变频电机驱动两种形式。 电驱动钻机具有传 动柔和、调速性能好、操作方便灵活、模块体积小、安装移运方便、可靠性高、噪音小、 污染小、节能等特

13、点。 Type: Electric driven rig includes two types: DC motor driven rig and AC variable frequency motor driven rig. Electric driven rig has features such as soft transmission, good speed performance, flexible operation, small module, convenient installation and movement, high reliability, low noise, li

14、ttle pollution and energy-saving.2、组成： 石油钻机主要由动力机、传动机、工作机及辅助设备组成。一般有八大系统即：起升系统、旋转系统、钻井液循环系统、传动系统、控制系统、动力驱动系统、钻机底座、钻机辅助设备系统，具备起下钻能力、旋转钻进能力、循环洗井能力。 The engine, transmission system, operating machine and all associated equipment required to drill a well, including eight systems: the elevator system, the rotating syste