非谓语动词课件

1、Non-Non-finitefiniteVerbsVerbsNon-finite verbsGerundParticiplePresent ParticiplePast ParticipleInfinitive Tense and Voice of Infinitive active voicepassive voice一般式to doto be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have doneto have been done完成进行式 to have been doing(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He preten

2、ded to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /发生在它之后发生在它之后.).)( (在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行) )( (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )(4).The boy is said to have been playing the piano since he was three years old.( (完成进行式表示在谓语动词的动作之前一

3、完成进行式表示在谓语动词的动作之前一直进行的动作直进行的动作) )vExercises:v1. The policemen asked their identities _ (keep) secret. v2.Ben is the only person in his town _ (see) the UFO.v 3.The visitors are requested _ (not, touch) the exhibits.v4. The old temple is said _ (destroy) in a fire one hundred years ago.to be keptto h

4、ave seento have been destroyednot to touchWhat function does the infinitive act in the following sentences?1、The infinitive as subjectTo run is a good habit.(=It is a good habit to run.)2、The infinitive as predicativeOur plan is to build a bridge over the river.3、The infinitive as object I want to b

5、uy a dictionary.4、 The infinitive as attributiveHe has a chance to go abroad. 5、The infinitive as adverbial To finish the work, he had to get up early. 6、The infinitive as object complementI ask her to help him.(1). 主语主语 Subject不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在句子的后部往往放在句子的后部,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.To get enough sleep at

6、night is important.It_.It is adj. (for/of sb) to do sth.It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.is important to get enough sleep at nightThe usage of infinitive1. 你太好了给我一些帮助。It is very kind of you to give me some help. 2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.I

7、t only took two years to complete the project.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1(2). 表语表语 PredicativeMy jobisYour task _(努力学习努力学习).is to study hardto teach you English.1.他的愿望是在不久的将来买一座大房子。His wish is to buy a big house in the near future. 2.我喜欢的是在海中游泳。What I like is to swim in the sea.巩固练习2The customs officer de

8、manded to search our luggage.(3) 宾语宾语 Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail, hope, refuse, agree, decide, learn, manage, pretend, etc.+ to do1. 不定式作动词的宾语不定式作动词的宾语think considerfind 形式宾语形式宾语4.我希望收到你的信。I hope to hear from you .5.我决定不留下来。I decided not to stay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought_.7.她觉得没有

9、必要和他争论。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj.+ to do 巩固练习3The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 宾补宾补 Object Complement当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to: allow, help, enable,encourage, permit, persuade, tell, warn, teach等等. 医生们向我们保证他们将全力救治

10、地震中的伤者医生们向我们保证他们将全力救治地震中的伤者.The doctors promised us to try their best to rescue the injured in the earthquake.sb to do使役动词：使役动词：let,make,have感官动词：感官动词：see, hear, feel等等I made him do his work.He _by me.See sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B. to fall C. falling

11、 D. fallen改错: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work(5). 定语定语 Attributive (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothing_.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the schoo

12、l?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. study school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topic to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.（没有什么可担心的没有什么可担心的）a house to live inv1. 每个人都有选择自己生活方式的权利。vEveryone has the right to choose h

13、is own living style.v2. 随着私家车数量的增长，人们难找到停车位。vWith the increase of the number of private cars, its difficult for people to find a place to park the car.巩固练习4I came here .He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语 Adverbialin order to , so as to ,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the new

14、s.3.表结果表结果He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.who, which, when, how, whether who, which, when, how, whether 等连用，在句中起等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。我不知道是否要接受邀请。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主

15、语主语)如何解决这个问题很重要如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.( (表语表语) )不定式与疑问词连用不定式与疑问词连用: (eat, finish, tell) to be finishednot to eat1.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.2.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.3.I meant _ you about it, but I forg

16、ot to do so.to have told 1. -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding4. She cant help _

17、 the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 3. While shopping, people cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A.to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 5. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he

18、studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. study6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make注意以下几种情况不定式的用法注意以下几种情况不定式的用法v*在在the first, the second，the last和和only之后，一般用之后，一般用to do。 如：He was the la

19、st to leave the classroom v*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般表示目的的不定式的否定式一般in order not to do或或so as not to do。 如：In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window He came into the room through the window so as not to be seenv*so as to do一般不放在句首。一般不放在句首。 ()He got up at five this morning so as to catch

20、the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morningGerund一一. Structure： doing Negative： not doing二二. Tense and Voice of Gerund active voicepassive voice一般式一般式完成式完成式makinghaving madebeing madehaving been made三三. The usage of Gerund:In the sentence,gerund can be used as subje

21、ct,object,predicative,attributive.1. 作主语作主语:Subject2. 作宾语作宾语:Object3. 作定语作定语:Attributive4. 作表语作表语:Predicative1.作主语作主语:Subjecte.g. -What made him so unhappy?Quarreling with his wife made him so unhappy.v对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。vCrying over the spilt milk is no use.vIt is no use crying over the spilt milk.I enj

22、oy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作宾语作宾语:Object Vt. Prep.+doing下列动词通常用下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语：vadmit, appreciate, deny, resist, imagine, mind, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, cant help, 等。等。如: 这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴. The girl was told to practise playing

23、the piano for three hours every day remember/ forget/ regret +v-ing 表已经发生的动作，表已经发生的动作，remember/ forget/ regret +to do 表动作还没有发生。表动作还没有发生。mean doing 意思是意思是；意味着；意味着mean to do 意欲，打算要做意欲，打算要做stop to do 停下来要做停下来要做stop doing 停止正在做的动作停止正在做的动作try doing 试着做试着做try to do sth. 试图做试图做3.作表语作表语:PredicativevMy hobby

24、 is collecting stamps.vHis job is teaching.Whats the difference between them?Im fishing.My hobby is fishing.4.作定语作定语:Attributiveva walking stickvA swimming poolvA sleeping car区别区别The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态示该名词所处的状态动名词表示被动意义

25、:v在动词或词组need, require, be worth, deserve, etc. 后的动名词表示被动意义:vYour composition needs improving.vYour composition needs to be improved.vThe book is worth reading a second time.vThe book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.非谓语动词的用法区别v动词不定式与动名词动词不定式与动名词一般说来，在表示比较一般说来，在表示比较抽象抽象的的经常的动作经常的动作时多用

26、时多用动名词动名词；在表示；在表示具体的特定的动作多用不定式。具体的特定的动作多用不定式。1. Their job is building houses. (抽象、经常的动作抽象、经常的动作)2. Their work is to build another bridge across the river. (具具体、要做的动作体、要做的动作)注注意意【2】在】在begin, start, cease后，如果表示后，如果表示有意识地开始（停止）做某事，多用动名有意识地开始（停止）做某事，多用动名词；如果动作自动或突然开始（停止），词；如果动作自动或突然开始（停止），则多用不定式。则多用不定式。

27、1. He began talking about his plan for summer holiday.2. Suddenly it began to rain.动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途，常常放在所修动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途，常常放在所修饰名词之前；而动词不定式作定语常常放在所修饰名饰名词之前；而动词不定式作定语常常放在所修饰名词之后。词之后。1. His attempt to solve the difficult problem failed again.2. These passages may be used as listening materials.3、作定语

28、时、作定语时Participle present participle(-ing)past participle(-ed) Participle Formsactive voicepasive voice现在分词一现在分词一般式般式doingbeing done现在分词完现在分词完成式成式having donehaving been done 过去分词过去分词 done其否定形式其否定形式 not+分词短语分词短语Present participle一般式：一般式： doing (分词的动作和分词的动作和谓语动作同时进行）谓语动作同时进行）e.g. He hurried home, looki

29、ng behind as he went.He hurried home and looked behind.一般式被动语态：一般式被动语态： being donee.g. The large building being built in the street will be a hospital.The large building which is being built .该语态该语态- 1.表示被动表示被动 2. 表示动作正在进行表示动作正在进行。完成式：完成式： having done (分词动作分词动作先于谓语动作发生）先于谓语动作发生）e.g. Having finished

30、their work, they had a rest. After they had finished their work, they had a rest.完成式被动：完成式被动： having been donee.g. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to the library. After we had been shown the lab, we were taken .该语态该语态-1. 表示被动，表示被动， 2. 强调动作的先后关系。强调动作的先后关系。 Function of Present Participle:vPre

31、sent participle can be used as attributive, predicative, complement, adverbial. 现在分词作定语现在分词作定语v单个现在分词作定语，放于被修饰单个现在分词作定语，放于被修饰名词前名词前vE.g. a _ boyv a _ boyrunningcryingv现在分词短语作定语，放于被修饰名现在分词短语作定语，放于被修饰名词后词后v the girl _ (站在那边）站在那边）v the girl _v( 和我母亲谈话的）和我母亲谈话的） standing theretalking to my momNotes现在分词作

32、定语1. 被修饰名词和现在分词之间存在逻辑上的被修饰名词和现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系主谓关系 2. ing 形式短语作定语时，一般都可以转形式短语作定语时，一般都可以转化为一个进行时的化为一个进行时的定语从句定语从句。Exercisese.g. The girls dancing in the next room are my classmates.= The girls who are dancing in the next room are my classmates.Exercisese.g. Do you know the person who is speaking to my

33、 teacher there?= Do you know the person speaking to my teacher there? The picture which hangs on the wall was painted by a famous artist. We will take the bus which is waiting by the roadside to go to the Ocean Park. The picture hanging on the wall was painted by a famous artist.Well take the bus wa

34、iting by the roadside to go to the Ocean Park.现在分词作表语现在分词作表语v分词作表语，相当于一个形容词。分词作表语，相当于一个形容词。v注意：注意： 常用于系动词之后（常用于系动词之后（be, seem, sound, taste, feel.)vE.g. The story is interesting.v The match is exciting.现在分词作补语现在分词作补语v作宾语补语作宾语补语v I saw grandma crossing the road.vWhen you leave the classroom, dont lea

35、ve the lamp burning.v作主语补语作主语补语vAfter a careful search, the drugs were found hidden inside a box labeled confidential.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语v分词作状语，能够转换为一个相应分词作状语，能够转换为一个相应的状语从句。的状语从句。v注意：注意： 分词作状语时的逻辑主语分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中的主语保持一致。句中的主语保持一致。1.表表时间时间Hearing the cry for help, he rushed o

36、ut.vWhen he heard the cry for help, he rushed out.2. 表原因表原因vBeing a young child, he couldnt understand what had happened to his parents.vAs he was a young child, he couldnt understand what had happened to his parents.3. 表伴随表伴随vHe sat in the armchair, watching TV.vHe sat in the armchair and watched T

37、V.4.表条件表条件If going there by plane, we will have to pay twice as much.If we go there by plane, we will have to pay twice as much.5.表让步表让步Having failed many times, he did not lose heart.Although he had failed many times, he did not lose heart.6.表结果表结果 e.g. His friend died, leaving him a lot of money.

38、His friend died and left him a lot of money.总结总结分词作状语可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件分词作状语可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，伴随等状况，其作用相当于一个状语，让步，伴随等状况，其作用相当于一个状语从句。从句。注：分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主注：分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须保持一致。语必须保持一致。Exercises1._ (see) the professor, the students smiled and said good morning to him.2._( finish) his homework,

39、Li began to watch TV.3._ (poor) in those days, they could not afford to send their children to school.SeeingHaving finishedBeing poorExercises4. _ ( not receive) a reply, Mary decided to send Jack another email.5. The speaker walked out of the hall, _ (wave) and _ (smile) to the audience.Not having

40、receivedwavingsmiling动名词与现在分词作定语的区别动名词与现在分词作定语的区别 sleeping baby sleeping car flying bird flying school baby who is sleeping car which is used for sleeping bird which is flying school for training pilots vPast Participlev 过去分词没有时态和语态的变化过去分词没有时态和语态的变化 过去分词的用法过去分词的用法过去分词（短语）作定语过去分词（短语）作定语 We should pay

41、 attention to our spoken English.单个过去分词作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之前, 和它所修饰的名词存在动宾(被动)关系。 This is a school built in 1980.过去分词短语常放在它所修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。= This is a school which was built in 1980.习题：习题：1) I m very thirsty. Youd better drink some _ water. A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. to be boiled C A. held B. to b

42、e held C. holding D. being holding2)The Olympic Games _ in 776 B.C. lasted for only one day.A析析 过去分词过去分词invitedinvited作定语修饰指示代词作定语修饰指示代词those,those,意意为为“被邀请的那些人被邀请的那些人”, ,两者是动宾（被动）关系两者是动宾（被动）关系。those invited = those people who have been invited单个过去分词作定语需放在所修饰的名词之前单个过去分词作定语需放在所修饰的名词之前, ,但是但是something

43、something、anythinganything、nobodynobody、nothingnothing、 thosethose等代词的定语需后置。等代词的定语需后置。3. Please dont forget him. He is one of _. A. those invited B. invited those C. those inviting D. inviting thoseA过去分词（短语）过去分词（短语）作表语作表语The children were satisfied with his explanation. 现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所

44、处的状态，如：The news was exciting.She looked excited.v用所给动词的-ed 或ing形式填空：v1)The result of the exam made me _ (disappoint)v2)This was really an _moment(excite)v3)He seemed quite _at the idea. (delight)v4)The present situation is _(encourage)1. The rooms are _, so you cant move in. A. painted B. painting C

45、. being painted D. to be painted2. As soon as he entered the city, he _. A. was losing B. got losing C. lost D. got lost 3. What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappoint

46、ed; disappointing by CCD( e.g. get hurt get excited get pleased )习题：习题：This river is polluted.（过去分词作表语，表状态）（过去分词作表语，表状态）This river was polluted by the chemical plant. （过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：The windows are closed .译：窗户是关着的。The windows were closed by Jack.译：窗户

47、是被杰克关住的过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由byby引出动作的引出动作的发出者。发出者。过去分词（短语）过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 I found the small town changed a lot.(表动作已完成)He wants the letter typed right away.(动宾关系)We must get our homework finished on time. (动宾关系)过去分词（短语）在句子中作宾语补足语表示动作已完成，或和宾

48、语存在动宾关系。这类句子的谓语动词通常是表示“感知”（如see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find等)、“意愿”（如want, wish, expect, 等) 的动词，或是使役动词（如（如make, have, keep 等）。等）。习题：习题：1.We saw the thief_ (catch) by the police.caught 译：我看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。 （过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表被动。)2. I saw him _ (get on ) the bus .getting on 译：我看见他正在上车。 （现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表主动。动

49、作正在进行。）3. I will have/get my hair _ (cut) tomorrow. cut 译：我准备明天理发。(过去分词作宾补，表被动。)过去分词（短语）过去分词（短语）作状语作状语过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语，常常表示时间、过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语，常常表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，相当于对应的状语从条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，相当于对应的状语从句。它和主句的主语存在动宾关系。句。它和主句的主语存在动宾关系。a.表示时间表示时间Seen from space, the earth looks blue.When it is seen from s

50、pace, the earth looks blue.b.表示条件表示条件Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.c、表示表示原因原因d、表示伴随情况表示伴随情况e e、表示让步、表示让步 Deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry. As they were deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry.She walked out o