2012考研阅读讲座

1、2018考研(ko yn)阅读讲座第一页，共48页。 宋晓婧宋晓婧 讲师讲师 枣庄学院大学英语枣庄学院大学英语(yn y)部部 教研室教研室主任主任 曲阜师范大学外语学院曲阜师范大学外语学院 硕士硕士 山东省普通话水平测试员山东省普通话水平测试员Tel: QQ: 503294703 QQ群：群：108486602E-mail: 2第二页，共48页。方法方法(fngf) or (fngf) or 技巧？技巧？2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座WaySkill道道术术20%20%80%80%3第三页，共48页。Section Use of English (1

2、0)Section Reading Comprehension Part A 40 Part B 10 Part C 10Section Writing Part A 10 Part B 202018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座4第四页，共48页。考研阅读文章考研阅读文章(wnzhng)选题来源选题来源文章文章(wnzhng)隐藏考点隐藏考点2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座ECONOMISTNEWSWEEKTIMENEWYORK TIMESWASHINGTON POST5第五页，共48页。PASSAGE = V + G

3、 + L20182018英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座6第六页，共48页。考研考研(ko yn)复习四步走复习四步走:2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座STEP ONE: Section Reading Part C ( V+ G ) STEP TWO: Section Reading Part B ( L ) STEP THREE: Section Reading Part A ( V+G+L )STEP FOUR: Section ( V+G+L )7第七页，共48页。词汇词汇V复习复习(fx)遇到难题遇到难题2018 2018

4、英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座v遗忘遗忘(ywng)率高率高v无法摆脱词汇书无法摆脱词汇书v阅读中无法理解阅读中无法理解8第八页，共48页。用科学用科学(kxu)的方法补偿：的方法补偿：2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲考研讲座座v利用艾宾浩斯记忆曲线不断重复利用艾宾浩斯记忆曲线不断重复(chngf)v化整为零化整为零v听写听写9第九页，共48页。无法摆脱词汇无法摆脱词汇(chu)书的症书的症结？结？2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座记住的不是中文解释，而是记住了记住的不是中文解释，而是记住了中文解释在词汇中文解释

5、在词汇(chu)书上的位书上的位置置10第十页，共48页。解决解决(jiju)方法：语境方法：语境中寻找中寻找2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座!禁忌禁忌(jnj)：做真题时查词：做真题时查词11第十一页，共48页。语法语法G难点难点(ndin)结结构构20182018英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座v 省略句省略句v 同从、状从同从、状从 经常经常(jngchng)考考v 形式主语形式主语/宾语宾语v 比较级比较级v 非谓语非谓语v 定语从句定语从句 必考必考v 倒装句倒装句12第十二页，共48页。 Many things make

6、people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. 2006P2732018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座13第十三页，共48页。 The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and wit

7、h it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. 2006P2732018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座14第十四页，共48页。 (65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. (2002)2018

8、2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲考研讲座座15第十五页，共48页。 In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to

9、 be a bummer too. 2006P2732018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座16第十六页，共48页。 An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom / on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. (1999年真

10、题) 2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座 【分析】句子主干是由【分析】句子主干是由divides.and.(使使对立对立)搭配连接而成。两个搭配连接而成。两个those后面的分词短后面的分词短语作定语语作定语(dngy)修饰修饰those。句子主干为：。句子主干为：An invisible border divides those and those.【翻译】一种看不到的鸿沟，把那些主张为了学生有更好的职业前景而把电脑引入课堂的人和那些主张为了获得彻底教育革新更广泛理由而把电脑引入课堂的人的观点对立(dul)起来。17第十七页，共48页。 Very few w

11、riters on the subject have explored this distinction indeed, contradictionWhich goes to the heart of what is wrong with the c a m p a i g n t o p u t c o m p u t e r s i n t h e classroom.(1999年真题)2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座 【分析】句子主干为：Very few writers have explored this distinction. “on the s

12、ubject介词短语作定语修饰(xish)“very few writers,“which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom是定语从句修饰(xish)“this distinction的。 【翻译】很少有作者在这个问题上去探究这种差异，实【翻译】很少有作者在这个问题上去探究这种差异，实际上，他们是互相矛盾的。而这种差异正是探究把计际上，他们是互相矛盾的。而这种差异正是探究把计算机引入课堂算机引入课堂(ktng)运动问题的关键。运动问题的关键。 18第十八页

13、，共48页。 But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. (1999年真题)2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座【分析】本句不难，重在对since引导从句的理解，这里since是表示因果关系的连词，表示“因为，诸如此类比较

14、隐蔽的因果关系的连词还有as, as表示原因,可译为“由于，鉴于(jiny)，如：As he was not well, I decided to go without him(因为他病了，我决定一个人去)。 【翻译】但是，对于一小局部学生(xu sheng)而言，职业培训也许是一种很好的途径，因为，在其他条件相同的情况下，拥有良好的技能对他们找工作结果的影响是不一样的。19第十九页，共48页。 The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he

15、 had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets. (1999年真题)2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座【分析】句子主干：The fact answered the question.“that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree，“he had been asking himself about those larger fruits

16、of the heavens, the moon and the planets分别是the fact和the question的同位语从句和定语从句，对其进行(jnxng)说明。【翻译】苹果向下落到地面而不是向上飞到树上，这一事实答复(d f)了他长期以来一直对天空中更大天体月球和行星所存在的疑问。20第二十页，共48页。 It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there shou

17、ld not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. (1999年真题)2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座【翻译】审记员们完全有理由相信，那些确切地知道他们的目标和实现方法的科学家不应该由于(yuy)一边做着科学试验一边需要盯着经济利益而分心。21第二十一页，共48页。2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座【分析(fnx)】句子主干为：It i

18、s entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.“who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there是定语从句修饰“scientists的。 22第二十二页，共48页。2018 2018 英语考研英

19、语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座The grand mediocrity of todayeveryone being the same in survival and number of off-springmeans that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. (2000年真题)【翻译】今天的普通群众，每个人有着同样生存时机和同样数量的后代，这意味着，自然选择在印度上流社会(shn li sh hu)已经失去了80%以上的影

20、响，在一些部落里情况也是一样。 23第二十三页，共48页。2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座【分析】句子主干为：The grand mediocrity of today / means that / natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India. “everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring是插入局部，是对the grand mediocrity of today的一个(y )补充说明

21、。“compared to the tribes分词短语作状语，修饰“that引导的宾语从句，表示that引导从句所说明的情况在the tribes同样地发生了。(这里注意compared to与compared with的区别。compared to侧重于表达“相当于、等同于的含义；compared with侧重于表达“与相比较的含义。)24第二十四页，共48页。2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座However amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will lo

22、ok just like us. (2000年真题)【分析】该句理解难点在于分清however和how引导的是疑问句还是感慨句。这里两者引导的是两个感慨句充当状语从句(cn j)(however和how表示感慨语气“无论，只不过前者表达的语气更加强烈些)。【翻译】不管我们(w men)的后代对我们(w men)距理想状态之遥远感到多么惊讶，他们的长相将和我们(w men)一样。 25第二十五页，共48页。2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座In the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly be

23、come acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.(2001年真题)【分析】对于if引导的状语从句的理解方法，我们可以采用两遍法。首先从主句到从句顺读一遍，然后先从if从句开始(kish)，再由从句到主句逆读一遍，含义自然就明了(increasingly 越来越)。【翻译】在20世纪(shj)，区域地质学研究只有在包含并思考范围更广泛的地质学问题时，才会越来越被专业人员所接受。(注：picture，这里是引申用法，指情况或研究的问题。)2

24、6第二十六页，共48页。2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one as a personal recognition of

25、your limitations. (2001年真题)27第二十七页，共48页。2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座【分析】本句主干由not so much.as.(其准确的翻译应为“与其不如，而这种翻译成中文之后(zhhu)通常让人产生理解上的障碍。这种搭配出现在客观试题的阅读文章中，通常可以直接把它理解成“不是而是，让句意更加清晰)固定搭配连接构成的一个长句。定语(dngy)从句“who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s修饰“the women of my generation。插入局部“growin

26、g your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one，是对“the mythical good life的具体说明。句子主干为：Downshifting is not so much a search for the mythical good life as a personal recognition of your limitations.28第二十八页，共48页。2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座【翻译】对于我们这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的女性来说， 90年代中期过着放慢生活节奏的

27、生活，与其说是追求神话般的美好生活自已种有机蔬菜(shci)，冒着变得毫无生机的危险倒不如说我们都认识到了自己的局限。(注：one指代vegetable，引申是精神上像植物一样没有生气的人。)29第二十九页，共48页。2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座Downshiftingalso known in America as “voluntary simplicity has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism.(2001年真题)【分析】由于插入

28、成分，句子显得稍长。对于有插入成分构成的长句，首先要忽略插入成分，直接理解主句，然后再理解插入成分。插入成分通常是对紧邻的前一句内容的进一步说明，在理解插入成分时，应该(ynggi)结 合 所 说 明 的 内 容 一 起 理 解 。 句 子 主 干 为 ：Downshifting has bred a new area of / what might be termed / anti-consumerism.【翻译(fny)】颇具挖苦意义的是，“放慢生活节奏，在美国被称为“甘愿简朴的生活方式居然产生出一个可称为“反消费主义的新领域。30第三十页，共48页。2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(

29、ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life, and making the alternative move into “downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than fina

30、ncial success and social status. (2001年真题) 【翻译】我发现，放弃那种【翻译】我发现，放弃那种“忙碌地应付生活的信念而选忙碌地应付生活的信念而选择择(xunz)“放慢生活节奏会带来比金钱和社会地位更大放慢生活节奏会带来比金钱和社会地位更大的回报。经受过长期巨大压力，凯尔西从的回报。经受过长期巨大压力，凯尔西从?女性女性?杂志编辑部杂志编辑部退下来之后，恐怕她也将与我有同样的发现。退下来之后，恐怕她也将与我有同样的发现。 31第三十一页，共48页。2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座【分析】本句状语较多，再加上多个并列动

31、名词短语充当宾语从句的主语，导致句式(j sh)较长，难以形成连贯的语义。要学会断句和抓主干。本句主干是由discovered后面带一个宾语从句构成。主干为：I have discovered that / abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life, /and making the alternative move into “downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and / social status“as perhaps Kelsey

32、will是伴随状语从句的主干，“after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She / after a build up of stress是介词(jic)短语作状语修饰“as perhaps Kelsey will，“abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life, /and making the alternative move into downshifting是两个并列动名词短语充当宾语从句的主语。 32第三十二页，共48页。2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(k

33、o yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. (2001年真题)【翻译】我已经(y jing)从 “拥有一切哲学的积极倡导者，转化成一个对一切浅尝辄止就心满意

34、足的妇女。过去七年里琳达凯尔西在?女性?杂志再三宣扬这种哲学。33第三十三页，共48页。2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座【分析】本句是由transformed o.(从转变为)固定搭配连接构成的长句(chn j)。句子主干为：I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.“preached by

35、 Linda Kelsey，分词作定语修饰“the philosophy of having it all。“who is happy to settle for a bit of everything定语从句修饰“woman。34第三十四页，共48页。2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座It identifies the under-treatment of pain / and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures / that may prolong and e

36、ven dishonor the period of dying / as the twin problems of end-of-life care. (2002年真题)【翻译】该报告把对病痛处理不力和坚持使用无效及强制性医疗手段从而有可能延长(ynchng)病人死亡时间，致使病人临终时痛苦不堪，确定为临终护理方面存在的两大问题。35第三十五页，共48页。2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座【分析】本句主干(zhgn)局部是由identify.as.(把识别为)固定搭配连接构成的。同时identifies后面所接的两个并列宾语成分(the under-tr

37、eatment of pain，the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)增加了句子的理解难度。句子主干(zhgn)为：It identifies the undertreatment of pain / and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures / as the twin problems of end-of-life care. 定语从句“that may prolong and even dishonor t

38、he period of dying，修饰“the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures而不是“the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures，这里要学会(xuhu)对定语从句所修饰词语范围的限定，通常结合文中的句意来确定。36第三十六页，共48页。2018 2018 英语考研英语考研(ko yn)(ko yn)讲座讲座The American spymaster / w

39、ho built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II / and later / laid the roots for the CIA / was fascinated with information. (2003年真题) 【分析】句子主干为：The American spymaster was fascinated with information. “who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II / and later / laid the

40、 roots for the CIA是定语从句(cn j)，修饰“The American spymaster。 【翻译】这位在第二次世界大战中建立(jinl)了战略情报局且后来为中央情报局奠定根底的美国间谍头子对信息收集非常痴迷。 37第三十七页，共48页。2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座Physiciansfrustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer aggressive treatment

41、far beyond what is scientifically justified. (2003年真题) 【分析】句子(j zi)主干为：Physicians too often offer aggressive treatment.插入局部“frustrated by their inability to cure the disease / and fearing loss of hope in the patient是分词作定语，修饰physicians。介词短语“far beyond what is scientifically justified作定语修饰“aggressive

42、treatment。 【翻译】内科医生由于不能治愈疾病，同时担忧病人失去希望(xwng)，常常采取极端大胆的治疗方法，这些方法远远超出了科学许可的界限。 38第三十八页，共48页。2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. (2005年真题) 【分析】句子主干：A bill is a pro

43、mising start. “which would offer financial incentives for private industry是修饰(xish)“a bill的定语从句。 【翻译】来自西弗吉尼亚州的民主党参议员罗伯特伯德提出(t ch)的一项议案是一个很有希望的开端，该议案提出(t ch)将对私人企业给予财政上的奖励。 39第三十九页，共48页。2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleepwhen most vivid dream

44、s occuras it is when fully awake.(2005年真题) 【分析】句子主干由as.as.(和一样)固定搭配构成。句子主干：The brain is as active as it is when fully awake. 介词短语“during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep作状语修饰(xish)“active，时间状语从句“when most vivid dreams occur修饰(xish)“REM (rapid eye movement) sleep。 【翻译】大脑活动在眼球迅速运动的睡眠(shumin)时期中同完全醒时一样，最

45、生动的梦境就出现在那时。 40第四十页，共48页。2018 2018 英语英语(yn y)(yn y)考研讲座考研讲座American no longer expects public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. (2005年真题) 【分析】句子主干：American no longer expects public figures to command the English language with skill and gift.“whether.or.引导状语(zhungy)从句，表示“无论是还是。