lesson总2 雅思阅读陷阱 警醒

1、雅思阅读陷阱-警醒 1.不看文章直接做题 同学们往往会觉得阅读考试时间有限，追求阅读速度“快” 因此可能做题的时候一味为了求快，不看文章就去做题。 在短时间内搜索找到相应的关键字可依然会遇到陷阱，若没有理解文章内容，从字面上搜索到的信息往往是错误的。如果在平时的阅读训练中，没有养成分析文章的习惯，就不能提高自身分析文章的能力，对于阅读考试中出现的summary类的题目，就难以作答。 常见陷阱/常犯错误 大量的平时阅读训练中 培养分析文章的习惯 提高分析文章的能力 应对陷阱2.遇到难题直接猜答案在做题过程中，遇到到难题，很多同学往往会直接看答案然后就行猜测。这样做法肯定是不可取的。科学的办法是要

2、带着问题，回到原位段落中去进行寻找求证。虽然这样做用时会多一点点，但比起猜测来说，回原文求证将大大提高答题正确性。要求：至少读懂文句大意 3.过多地分析长难句雅思阅读考试中，常常会出现一些长难句。易会用较多的时间来分析句子。在雅思阅读考试中，关键还是在于对全文内容的整体把握，其中的长难句可以做一些分析，但也不要投入过多的时间与精力放在句子分析上。有时文中的一两句未能理解透彻，对于理解文章主体内容是不影响的。分项练习1. 基础还是词汇2. 关键看句子3. 把握全文是重点西方人写作常用的两种方法：deductive演绎法 inductive归纳法先提出一个观点或者概念，然后再举例支持自己的观点，就

3、是所谓的演绎法也就是我们常说的总分的写作方法。采用这种写作手法，第一句就是段落的主旨句。在有些情况下，段落的第一句会先对上一段内容进行总结，那么自然地第二句话就成为本段落的主旨句了。inductive归纳法，顾名思义，就是先举例，最后提出总结性的观点。采用这种写作手法是，自然而然地主旨句就是该段落最后一句话了。1.基础还是词汇一般IELTS阅读中涉及词汇量比较大，而且许多为专业词汇，考生在平时接触的少，一般来说具备4000左右，即四级水平即可应考。对于单词基础薄弱的考生，一定要及时补充基础词汇，例如常用的动词、连词，为阅读训练打下扎实的基础。同时要加强单词意义的理解，因为在应试时考生很容易遗忘

4、或混淆单词的意义，造成错误的理解，所以要注意对于词汇常用意思和引申意义的理解。2关键看句子在句子理解方面，考生最容易犯的错误就是根据自己已有经验片面理解。IELTS阅读中有的题目考的是对于文章中某一句子的理解，要参考上下文客观地看问题。考生应对一些复合句，尤其是双重否定句、比较句、指代句等有较深了解。特别在遇到复杂句时，应静心思考，从把握句子主干一一主谓结构着手来分析解剖句子结构。切记不能自己主观臆断，一定要以原文为本，所有答案均要回原文定位。这需要考生在平时做大量的练习，熟悉雅思阅读文章的框架风格，适应长句、复杂句的阅读，这一点也是最能考察考生基本功是否扎实。3把握全文是重点雅思阅读追求速度

5、与准确度的完美结合。快而不准或准而太慢都会影响考分。考生在勤奋练习的时候掌握一些阅读技巧将达到事半功倍的效果。快速阅读最关键的是在扫描全文的时候把握每段的主旨，并做出标记，在看完全文后对文章的结构主题有大致的了解。此外，考生以单词为单位看文章，遇生词就停顿等坏习惯都要极力避免。把握全文是重点雅思阅读追求速度与准确度的完美结合。快而不准或准而太慢都会影响考分。考生在勤奋练习的时候掌握一些阅读技巧将达到事半功倍的效果。快速阅读最关键的是在扫描全文的时候把握每段的主旨，并做出标记，在看完全文后对文章的结构主题有大致的了解。此外，考生以单词为单位看文章，遇生词就停顿等坏习惯都要极力避免。例句： The

6、 methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the culture legacy that that community perceives as essential.这样的句子，我们完全不用一个一个单词的来读，因为英语中有许多虚词，只有语法意义而无实际的意思;还有许多词组，只有几个词放在一起才有完整的意义，如上述的例句的前3个词the methods that,我们可以看出，the methods是名词，that 是一个连词，因为that 的后面是句

7、子a community devises to perpetuate itself,即that所引导的句子为定语从句，是修饰that methods,即什么样的methods，而come into being是谓语， come into being意思指的是：come into existence or 简单点 is made，to preserve是目的，即protect，aspects of the culture legacy,这是一个A OF B的名词短语，在此短语中，culture legacy,是重要的部分，而后面有两个that,前一个that不言而喻是连词，后一个that 是介词

8、，指代that community,culture legacy是名词，后用that的句子在后做修饰，因此为定语。The methods come into being to preserve culture legacy.大致的意思都应能理解了，所以不论多复杂的句子都能把他的复杂性转为简单来阅读即可，即句子的主谓宾Although it is usually straightforward where rights are formalized in law, other rights take the form of unwritten but socially accepted stan

9、dards of behavior, such as reciprocity, precedent, equality, and seniority. 分析这句话首先分清要让步状语从句意义的主次。Although在句首时，所强调的部分在第一个逗号后面。而句子后部有such as这样表示具体举例的内容，同样不属于强调的重点，即使出现了不认识的单词考生们也无需紧张。主干：other rights take the form of unwritten but socially accepted standard. 高频词汇：straightforward，form，behavior such as后

10、面的四个词汇意思为：互惠、先例、平等和资历The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be a n s w e r e d w i t h a n y c o m m e r c i a l consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. That引导一个定语从句，主语为 the question “What is at the bottom of t

11、he oceans?”; when引导的从句为was后面的表语 句子主干：The first timewas 高频词汇：commercial, consequence, telegraph, cable, propose 难句的构成 英语的难句=主句+从句+短语，不同于汉语的句子全是简单句，没有复杂句。如果把英语的难句比喻成大树，那么主句相当于树干，从句相当于树枝，而短语相当于叶子。只要把握主句，就可理解大意。相比之下，汉语的句子就好比是竹子，一节一节的。 因此，我们在理解英语难句的时候要学会“拆” The first time that the question “What is at th

12、e bottom of the oceans?” had to be a n s w e r e d w i t h a n y c o m m e r c i a l consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. 如何“拆” 任何句子都必须有谓语动词，所以找到一个谓语动词就可以拆下来一个句子。理解难句的基本步骤是：1）识别出有哪几个谓语动词；2）找出主句的谓语动词，先理解主句；3）再去理解从句和短语。 符号标记习惯1谓语动词用黑体的斜体字表示，例如：Every

13、one should know 。 2从句的引导词用方框表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located。 3从句用横线表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located，表示where引导的从句。 4插入语成分用括号表示，例如：Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between 1 A child hears it spoken from m

14、orning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.1 A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, (what is more important), always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation,

15、 right intonation, right use of words and right structure. 结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句的是hears。(what is more)是插入语，而插入语并不重要。所以要先理解插入语两端的内容，再理解插入语。因此，对于插入语，我们的处理方法是：“先读两端，再读中间”。with后面的rightrightand right是并列结构。 翻译：儿童从早到晚都能听到别人在讲（母语），而且更重要的是，听到的总是一种正确的发音、语调、用词以及语法结构的纯正语言。2Work, for most American and Chinese women a

16、ged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.2Work, (for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under), involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well. 结构：只有一个谓语动词：involves。(f

17、or most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under)是插入语。本 句 的 主 干 为 ： W o r k i n v o l v e s responsibility。for后面的内容修饰responsibility，而a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well为并列结构。 翻译：对于大多数美国和中国的55岁或者以下的妇女而言，工作的全部职责包括了负责家务、照顾孩子以及在家务之外还要上班。3Still, he could not help thin

18、king that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.4Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, (at certain rare intervals), a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.

19、5Our knowledge of social systems, (therefore), (while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate), is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. 6However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, (no matter how virtuous), can not perform the duties morality

20、 assigns them. 结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中is是主句的谓语动词。because引导原因状语从句。(no matter how virtuous)是插入语，分隔了从句的主语和谓语。拆分为： 1) Self-fulfillment is important to morality. 2) Because unfulfilled citizens can not perform the duties morality assigns them. 翻译：然而，自我实现对于道德而言至关重要，因为没有自我实现的公民，无论多么有道德，都无法履行道德赋予他们的义务。7 Information

21、and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, (whether they work in manufacturing or services), will have the advantage and produce the wealth. 结构：共有4组谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为will become和will have and produce。whether引导让步状语从句为插入语。拆分： 1) Information and knowledge will become even mor

22、e vital, and the people will have the advantages and produce the wealth. 2) People possess it. 3) Whether they work in manufacturing or services. 翻译：信息和知识将会变得更加重要，而且掌握它们的人们，不论是在制造业还是服务业，都将会拥有优势，创造财富。8What I was being blamed for, (it turned out), was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand

23、-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper. 结构：共有5个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为was。What引导主句从句。(it turned out)为插入语。拆分为： 1) What I was being blamed for was a newspaper strike. 2) The strike made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts. 3) The inserts normally are

24、included with the Sunday paper. 翻译：原来，我因为一场报纸行业罢工而受到责备。罢工造成不得不用人工把那些通常是夹在周日报纸里面的广告插页递送出去。9While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, (with an ingratiating smile on his false face), came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples. 结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为came up。(with an ingratiatin

25、g smile on his false face)是插入语，分隔了主语和谓语。Ingratiating这个形容词修饰smile，不认识也不妨碍理解。拆分为： 1) The head waiter came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples. 2) While we were waiting for the coffee. 翻译：正在我们等咖啡上来的时候，领班面带着奉承的微笑，走到我们跟前，带来了一大篮子的特大苹果。10But a great book, (rich in ideas and beauty), (a book

26、 that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions), demands the most active reading of which you are capable. 结构：共有3个谓语动词，其中demands是主句谓语动词。(rich in ideas and beauty)和(a book that)是插入语。前者做a great book的后置定语，而后者是a great book的同位语，起补充说明的作用。that引导定语从句修饰book，which引导定语从句修饰reading。拆分为： 1) A great b

27、ook demands the most active reading. 2 ) A b o o k r i s e s a n d t r i e s t o answer questions. 3) You are capable of the reading. 翻译：但是一本富于思想和美感的伟大的书能够提出并试图回答一些伟大的根本问题。这样的书需要你尽最大所能来积极阅读。11You found upon that a general law that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, (so far as it goes), is

28、 a perfect induction。结构：共有4个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为found和is。分号前后的两句话是并列的主句。upon that等于because of that。第一个that指a general law。第二个that引导a general law的同位语从句。(so far as it goes)是插入语，意思是“迄今为止”。拆分为： 1) You found upon that a general law. 2) That all hard and green apples are sour. 3) And that is a perfect induction

29、. 翻译：由此你发现了一条普遍规律，即所有又硬又青的苹果都是酸的。而且，迄今为止，这是一条不错的归纳12It is, (everyone agrees), a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation. 结构：共有6个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为is和challenges。and连接两个并列主句。(everyone agrees)为插入语。第二个that引导t

30、he fact的同位语从句。拆分为： 1) It is a huge task. 2) The child performs the task. 3) When he learns to speak. 4) The fact challenges explanation. 5) That he does so in so short period of time. 翻译：每个人都同意，孩子学说话是件艰巨的任务，而且他们能在如此短时间内做到，确实需要好好解释一下。13Computer crime, (a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release ov