高一英语语法复习

1、重点词汇讲练重点词汇讲练 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. (水管破裂水管破裂). burst (n./v.) 爆裂爆裂; 突发突发 burst- burst- burst p48Pumped into too much air, the tyre of the bicycle suddenly burst (突然爆炸了突然爆炸了).A burst of applause/laughter followed the ending of the song. （一阵掌声（一阵掌声/大笑）大笑） The

2、 police burst in (through the door). 警察破门而入。警察破门而入。 burst in 突然闯进来；突然插嘴突然闯进来；突然插嘴 burst into sth. 突然突然起来起来 burst out doing sth.突然突然起来起来 burst into flames 突然起火（尤指火势失控）突然起火（尤指火势失控） burst into laughter =burst out laughing 突然哈哈大笑突然哈哈大笑 burst into tears =burst out crying 突然哭起来突然哭起来归纳总结归纳总结运用运用 The audien

3、ce burst _ cheers. (突然欢呼起来突然欢呼起来).burst into tears / burst out crying into (2) All the viewers burst out _ (放放声尖叫声尖叫) with/in excitement as the Chinese team won the game.screaming(3) When she saw the news on TV that her hometown was completely destroyed by a terrible earthquake, she suddenly _(放声大哭放

4、声大哭).2. _ vt. 损害损害; 伤害伤害使受伤; p49 _ n. 损害损害; 伤害伤害 _ adj.受伤的受伤的injureinjuryinjuredThe number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死伤的人数达到死伤的人数达到40多万。多万。 运用运用 Two players are out of the team because of _.(injure) He suffered serious _ to the arms and legs last week. (3) He _ (

5、injure) his arms and legs last week. (4) The _ (injure) were successfully rescued from the ruins. (5) He claimed that working too hard _ (损害他的健康损害他的健康).injuredinjuredinjuries injuryv.adj.had injured his health n. injure (v.) injure (v.) 比比hurthurt正式，一般指由于正式，一般指由于意外或事故意外或事故而受而受伤，很少指精神方面的伤害。也可以用于比喻伤，很

6、少指精神方面的伤害。也可以用于比喻意义，如伤害健康，名誉和意义，如伤害健康，名誉和感情感情等。等。 (2)hurt (v./n.)(2)hurt (v./n.) 一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神和精神和情感情感方面的伤害。方面的伤害。 没有没有injureinjure正式，正式，hurthurt的伤害可与的伤害可与injureinjure同样同样严重，也可指较轻的疼痛。严重，也可指较轻的疼痛。(3)wound (v./n.)(3)wound (v./n.) 主要指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤主要指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤指指在战争中受伤在战争

7、中受伤。 injure/wound/hurt 使受伤；伤害 In that war he was seriously_ by an enemy bullet. No one was seriously/badly_ in the traffic accident. The tight shoe_ my foot. 使感到痛苦使感到痛苦Youll _ her feelings if you forget her birthday.使伤心使伤心 The_ (伤者伤者) were rushed to hospital. wounded injure/hurt injure, wound & hurt

8、 injuredhurt injured/wounded be injured/wounded/hurt 受伤injure/wound/hurt 使受伤；伤害3. destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭破坏；毁坏；消灭 p50 damage sth so badly that it cannot be repaired or it no longer exists, works, etc n. _destruction彻底毁坏彻底毁坏，无法修复无法修复；毁掉毁掉(名誉、希望、计划等名誉、希望、计划等) destroy （v.)彻底毁坏彻底毁坏，无法修复无法修复；毁掉毁掉(名誉、希望、计划等名

9、誉、希望、计划等)。 ruin (v./n.)一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果-(逐渐逐渐)彻底毁灭彻底毁灭 / 长时间的侵蚀而毁坏长时间的侵蚀而毁坏常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏,把某事弄糟。把某事弄糟。(3)damage (v./n.)可修复的可修复的部分损坏部分损坏，往往可以修复往往可以修复, 指其价值或指其价值或功能等降低。功能等降低。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损

10、害的结果。可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。 辨析辨析destroy, ruin & damage They managed to repair the houses that had been _.2. The houses were _ by a fire. 3. Oxford has been _ by the motor industry.4. What he said _ our last hope.5. She poured water all over my painting, and_ it.6.Her heart was slightly _ as a result of her

11、 long illness.destroy, ruin & damagedestroyedruineddamageddestroyedruineddamaged参考参考 What he said _ our last hope. She poured water all over my painting, and_ it. Her heart was slightly _ as a result of her long illness.由于生病，她的心脏轻微受损。由于生病，她的心脏轻微受损。(功能降低功能降低)destroyed他说的话摧毁了我们最后的希望。他说的话摧毁了我们最后的希望。rui

12、ned她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。damaged用法用法 作作vt.时，多用于被动语态；时，多用于被动语态； 作作n.表示表示“令人震惊的事令人震惊的事”时，前时，前用用a。派生派生 _ adj. 感到震惊的感到震惊的 _ adj. 令人震惊的令人震惊的shockingshocked4. shock v. (使使) 震惊；震动震惊；震动 n. C/U打击；震惊打击；震惊 U 休克休克(医医)运用运用 ：一句多译：一句多译 听到这个消息，我十分震惊。听到这个消息，我十分震惊。 a. I _ to hear the _news.b. I _ the _new

13、s.c. _me to hear the _news.d. The _news _ a shock.gave me was shockedwas shocked atIt shockedshocking原句原句: Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。 rescuefrom.从从中抢救或营救中抢救或营救go/come to ones rescue = rescue sb. 援救或帮助某人援救或帮助某人rescue work /w

14、orkers 抢救工作抢救工作/救援人员救援人员a rescue team 救援队救援队 a rescue mission 救援任务救援任务 5. rescue n. & vt. 援救；营救援救；营救 p51(savefrom harm or danger; set free)word The _team made countless _ during the earthquake. rescuerescues rescue多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速和有效的救援，迅速和有效的救援，较较save更能表达拯救更能表达拯救的紧迫性，一般指救人；的紧迫性，一般指救人；

15、它还有从监禁中它还有从监禁中救出的意思。救出的意思。 save指通过救援不但使受害者指通过救援不但使受害者(人或物人或物)能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其能保存下来，能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其能保存下来，有时可与有时可与rescue通用。通用。从某种状态中把某人从某种状态中把某人拯救出来多用拯救出来多用save。辨析辨析rescue & save运用运用 用用rescue或或save填空填空,并说明理由。并说明理由。Only socialism can_ China.只有只有社会主义才能救中国。社会主义才能救中国。The life boat（救生艇）（救生艇）was sent out to _ th

16、e sailors from the sinking ship. (3)The quick action of the firemen _the building from being burned down.save rescuesaved trap sb into sth/doing sth. 使某人上当；诱骗某人使某人上当；诱骗某人set a trap设陷阱；设圈套设陷阱；设圈套be trapped 陷入困境；被困在陷入困境；被困在6. trap vt. 使陷入困境使陷入困境 p51 traptrapped-trapped n. 陷阱；困境陷阱；困境运用运用 practice 52 他们

17、被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。They _ the burning hotel. They _ the fire. 我中计了我中计了, 把所知道的一切全都告诉把所知道的一切全都告诉了警方。了警方。I _ telling the police all I knew. were trapped inwas trapped intowere trapped byI was trapped under the snow原句原句 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的十五秒钟内一座大城市沦为了废墟。在可

18、怕的十五秒钟内一座大城市沦为了废墟。7. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟废墟（名词时常用复数）（名词时常用复数） He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。 be/lie in ruins 呈一片废墟呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟变成废墟;完全毁掉完全毁掉 come to ruin 毁灭，落空毁灭，落空 ruin oneself 自我毁灭自我毁灭 bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭使毁灭 bring ruin to oneself 自取灭亡

19、自取灭亡归纳总结归纳总结 根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。(1) The whole building was _ (成为废成为废墟墟) after a frightening hurricane.(2) The church has fallen _(破败不堪破败不堪 ). (3) People built shelters among the _ (ruin) of (在在的废墟中的废墟中) the city.(4) The hurricane _ (ruin) all the houses here. in ruinsruins(表示废墟时多用复数表示废墟时多

20、用复数)into ruinruined原句原句: The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 部队组队挖掘被困人员和埋葬死者。部队组队挖掘被困人员和埋葬死者。8. bury v. 埋葬埋葬 _ n. 埋葬；葬礼埋葬；葬礼搭配搭配 bury oneself in=be buried in埋头于埋头于; 专心于专心于be buried/lost in thought 陷入沉思陷入沉思burialThe dog _in the ground.这条狗把骨头埋在了地下。这条狗把骨头埋在了

21、地下。运用运用 They _ _(bury) their work.buried the bone are buried in /bury themselves inOur government is taking effective measures _ (rescue) those _ (trap) and _(bury) underground.Summary:to rescuetrappedburied9. dig out 掘出掘出(get sb/sth out by digging)；发现发现(find sth that has been stored, hidden, or for

22、gotten for a long time)我被困在雪下。我唯一能做的就是希我被困在雪下。我唯一能做的就是希望有人会来把我挖出来。望有人会来把我挖出来。I _. All I could do was hope that someone would come and _.was trapped under the snowdig me out10. right away立刻立刻, 马上马上(不与进行时连用不与进行时连用)例句例句 If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征

23、召服役。= right now / at once / immediately / in no timeword11. at an end 终了终了, 结束结束= finished p49原句原句 It seemed as if the world was at an end! 似乎世界末日到了。似乎世界末日到了。(B1P26)战争立刻就要战争立刻就要结束结束了了。The war would be at an end right away.at the end of. 在在的尽头的尽头, 末端末端(指时间，地点等指时间，地点等)by the end of.在在末之前末之前(指时间，常与完成时连

24、用指时间，常与完成时连用)in the end/ finally/ at last/ eventually 最后；终于最后；终于put an end to. 结束结束come to an end 结束结束make ends meet 收支相抵收支相抵联想联想 (1) The teachers patience was _ (没有了没有了) after the babys long crying. (2) How many English words have you learned _ last term? (3) He became an outstanding doctor _. (4)

25、My friend is waiting for me _ the road. (5) The accident _ (结束了结束了) my dream of becoming an Olympic athlete.at an endby the end ofin the endat the end ofput an end toa (great, large) number of(+复数名词复数名词)许多许多作主语时作主语时, 谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数the number of(+复数名词复数名词) 的数目的数目作主语时作主语时, 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数比较比较12. a grea

26、t number of 许多许多, 大量大量 p50 许多人许多人并没有失去信心。并没有失去信心。A large number of people didnt lose heart. The number of the people invited to the party _(be)50 last night, but a number of them _ (be) absent for different reasons.运用运用_ (许多人许多人)lost their lives in the terrible disaster.waswereA number of people(3)B

27、ased on the statistics, _ (交通事故的数量交通事故的数量) this year reduces by 20%.the number ofthe accidents13 _ v. 祝贺祝贺; 恭喜恭喜 _ n. 祝贺祝贺; (复数复数)贺词贺词 congratulation congratulatecongratulate sb. on sth. congratulate 对对他人祝贺他人祝贺为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。celebrate 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情。侧重指以行

28、动来意义的日子或某件事情。侧重指以行动来庆祝生日、节日庆祝生日、节日等。等。 1). I _ you on your success.2). We held a party to _ celebrate the 110th birthday of our school.congratulatecelebrate辨析辨析congratulate & celebrate1) His father used to be a High Court judge. 2) Shes a good judge of wine/art. 她是鉴别酒/艺术的专家。3) The blind cant judge c

29、olors. 盲人无法判断颜色。4) Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。14. judge vt. 断定，判断，判决断定，判断，判决 n. 裁判员，法官裁判员，法官 graduate _ n. 判断力判断力 judgement judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过通过判断判断 judging from 从从来看，来看， 根据根据判断判断 as far as I can judge 据我判断据我判断归纳总结归纳总结1. My personal _ is that he is to blame. (judge) adj. + n.judgement2. _his accent , he must be from the south.Judging from 单词扩展单词扩展 _ n. 民族；国家；国民民族；国家；国民_ n./ adj. 本国的；本地人本国的；本地人 _ adj. 国家的；民族的国家的；民族的_n. 国籍；民族国籍；民族nationnationalnationality1) Hes travelled to the _ of Western Europe. 2) We are t