选修6Unit3wordsandexpressions

1、 Unit3 A healthy Life Words and expressions1.abuse n. & v. 滥用，虐待，辱滥用，虐待，辱骂骂abuse ones privilege/power滥用特权滥用特权 drug abuse 滥用毒品滥用毒品eg:He was accused of abusing his wife last week. child abuse 虐待儿童虐待儿童 这样考过这样考过 (2009江西师大附中江西师大附中)He is a worthy leader，who never_ his power which is given by the people. A

2、usesBabuses Cignores Dforces 答案：答案：B2.stress n.压力压力; 重音重音,重读重读 C be under (the) stress (of) suffer from stress the stresses and strains of modern life 现代生活的压力和紧张现代生活的压力和紧张 n. 强调强调, 重要性重要性U lay / put /place stress on sth着重强调某事着重强调某事 vt. 加压力于加压力于; 重读重读; 强调强调 e.g. He stressed the importance of the task

3、.在压力下在压力下受到压力受到压力辨析辨析stress与与pressure Stress指物体承受的外来压力，也可指人在心理上、精神上所承受的压力、负担或紧张。 pressure指单位面积上所受的压力，“血压”“大气压” Recently, the high blood pressure has left her under great stress. 3.ban vt.禁止；取缔禁止；取缔 Swimming is banned in this lake. 这个湖里不准游泳。这个湖里不准游泳。 ban sb from doing sth.禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事 He was banned

4、 from driving for three months. 他被禁止驾驶三个月。他被禁止驾驶三个月。n禁令；谴责禁令；谴责 place/put.under a ban禁止禁止 lift/remove the ban on/against.对对开禁，解禁开禁，解禁 提示：作动词时为及物动词，直接接宾语。提示：作动词时为及物动词，直接接宾语。作名词时，作名词时，ban后面经常跟介词后面经常跟介词on ， a ban on表示表示“对对的禁止的禁止”。 辨析：辨析：forbid, ban与与prohibit (1)forbid是常用词，指是常用词，指“吩咐不许吩咐不许某人不做某某人不做某事事”。

5、forbid sb to do sth/doing sth The doctor forbids him to smoke.医生禁止医生禁止他吸烟。他吸烟。 (2)ban语气较重，指权威机关语气较重，指权威机关“正式禁止正式禁止”，含含“严厉谴责严厉谴责”之意，只能用事物作其宾语。之意，只能用事物作其宾语。Ban atomic and nuclear weapons！禁止原！禁止原子武器和核武器！子武器和核武器！ (3)prohibit强调以法律或官方行政手段或规章强调以法律或官方行政手段或规章制度的形式加以禁止。制度的形式加以禁止。Prohibit sb from sth/doing sth

6、 4.due to 1.由于，起因于；应付给由于，起因于；应付给的，其中的，其中due为形为形容词，容词，to为介词。为介词。 The accident was due to careless driving. 车祸起因于驾驶疏忽。车祸起因于驾驶疏忽。 2.be due to do sth 按理做某事按理做某事 Rose is due to start school in January.表表“由于，因为由于，因为”的词组还有：的词组还有： owing to，because of，thanks to多亏了多亏了 due to 可作状语、定语或表语，一般不放可作状语、定语或表语，一般不放在句首。

7、在句首。 He is retiring due to ill health. owing to可作状语和表语，可作状语和表语，because of 和和thanks to只能作状语。只能作状语。 Owing to a lack of money,the project will not continue nxt year. 这样考过这样考过 (2009盐城调研盐城调研)The sports meet，originally _ be held last Friday，was finally delayed because of the bad weather. Adue to Bthanks t

8、o Cowing to Daccording to 解析：解析：due to“因为因为”作作prep.，也可用，也可用于于be due to do“预定做某事预定做某事”；thanks to“多亏了，因为多亏了，因为”；owing to“因为因为”；according to“按照按照”。由。由句意：运动会原定于上周五举行，结果因句意：运动会原定于上周五举行，结果因为天气不好被推迟了。知选为天气不好被推迟了。知选A。 答案：答案：A5.addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的入了迷的；上了瘾的 addict vt.使沉溺于；使入迷使沉溺于；使入迷n有瘾的人有瘾的人 addictive adj

9、.(药物等药物等)(使人使人)上瘾的；养上瘾的；养成习惯的；习惯性的成习惯的；习惯性的 addict oneself to使自己沉溺于使自己沉溺于 be/become addicted to/doing sth沉溺沉溺于，醉心于于，醉心于 提示：提示：不管是动词不管是动词addict还是形容词还是形容词addicted或名词或名词addiction，后面的后面的to都都是介词。是介词。 辨析：辨析：addicted与与addictive addicted意思是意思是“入了迷的；上了瘾的入了迷的；上了瘾的”，是形容词。该词是形容词。该词不能作定语不能作定语，主语必须是，主语必须是有行为能力的人或

10、动物，有被动含义。有行为能力的人或动物，有被动含义。 He is addicted to alcohol.他嗜好喝酒。他嗜好喝酒。 addictive意思是意思是“使人上瘾的使人上瘾的”，是形，是形容词。该词容词。该词可作定语或表语可作定语或表语，作定语时，作定语时，被修饰词通常指事物；作表语时，主语一被修饰词通常指事物；作表语时，主语一般是事物，有主动含义。般是事物，有主动含义。 Morphine is highly addictive.吗啡很容吗啡很容易使人上瘾。易使人上瘾。 可能这样考可能这样考 _ to playing games recently，he is easy to feel

11、 sleepy in class. AAddicted BAddicting CHaving addicted DTo addict 解析：解析：Addicted to是过去分词短语作原是过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于从句因状语，相当于从句Because he is addicted to playing games。 答案：答案：A The parents felt helpless when they found their son had_ love stories for long. Aaddicted Baddict to Caddicted himself Dbeen addict

12、ed to 解析：解析：addict需与介词需与介词to连用后再加宾语，因连用后再加宾语，因此此A、C不对；由不对；由had后加过去分词可知后加过去分词可知B项不项不对。对。 答案：答案：D 6.accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的惯常的；习惯了的 accustom vt.使习惯于使习惯于 accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.使某人使某人/自己习惯于自己习惯于(做做)某事某事 get/become/be accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于习惯于(做做)某事某事 be used to (doing) sth.习惯于习惯于(做做

13、)某事某事 我不习惯于听别人指挥。我不习惯于听别人指挥。 I am not accustomed to being told what to do. (金丽衢联考金丽衢联考)_ by this grandparents in the countryside，he isnt accustomed to _ in the city. AHaving brought up; live BGrown up; living CGrowing up; live DBrought up; living 解析：解析：bring up与与he是动宾关系，故用过去分是动宾关系，故用过去分词作原因状语；词作原因状语

14、；be accustomed to(习惯于习惯于)中中的的to是介词，后接动词的是介词，后接动词的v.ing形式。形式。 答案：答案：D注意注意:在英语中在英语中, to 有时为动词不定式符号有时为动词不定式符号, 后跟后跟动词原形动词原形; 有时用作介词有时用作介词, 后跟名词、代词、后跟名词、代词、或动名词。下面的这些短语中的或动名词。下面的这些短语中的to 均为介均为介词。词。stick to 坚持坚持 lead to 导致导致, 通向通向pay attention to 参观参观 object to 反对反对come to 谈到谈到, 涉及涉及 see to 处理，负责处理，负责 de

15、voteto 致力于致力于 contribute to有助于有助于 get down to 开始开始 /着手着手preferto更喜欢更喜欢 7.quit vt.停止，离开，解除，免除停止，离开，解除，免除 过去式、过去分词为两种：过去式、过去分词为两种：quit/quit，quitted/quitted；现在分词为；现在分词为quitting quit (doing) sth.停止停止(做做)某事某事 You must quit smoking. quit office 离职离职 quit school 退学退学 be quit of sb./sth.摆脱某人摆脱某人/某物某物 提示：提示：

16、quit作为动词其后不跟不定式。作为动词其后不跟不定式。 辨析：辨析：abandon，desert与与quit 这三个词都含有一定的这三个词都含有一定的“放弃放弃”之意。之意。 (1)abandon指完全、永远地放弃，尤指指完全、永远地放弃，尤指对之负有责任或义务者，放弃一个项目或对之负有责任或义务者，放弃一个项目或计划。计划。 (2)desert强调故意违背自己的义务、责强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等任或誓言等(擅离职守擅离职守)。 (3)quit指突然或出其不意地放弃，现一般指突然或出其不意地放弃，现一般指指“停止停止”。如：。如：quit work停止工作。停止工作。 Doctor

17、s are doing research to find out what will happen physically when people _ smoking. Aquit Bdecline Cdepart Dreserve 答案：答案：A8.effect .n 影响，产生，影响，产生，affect. v 影响影响 have/produce an effect on/upon 对对有有影响影响/作用作用/效果效果 Did the medicine have a good effect? put/bring/carryinto effect实行，实施实行，实施 take effect 生效

18、，开始实施生效，开始实施 When will the law take effect? In effect实质上，本质上实质上，本质上 be of no effect无效，没有作用无效，没有作用9.decide on/upon 对对作出决定，选定作出决定，选定 decide sth /to do sth.决定某事决定某事/做某事做某事 decide特殊疑问词不定式决特殊疑问词不定式决定定 decide against决定不做决定不做(decide on/upon的反义词组的反义词组) It is decided that.决定决定 辨析：辨析：decide sth.与与decide on st

19、h. decide sth.决定某事。决定某事。 decide on/upon sth.就某事做出决定或选定就某事做出决定或选定某事。某事。 Decide on a day to quit smoking.选定戒烟日。选定戒烟日。 Ive the right to decide my own business. 我有权决定个人事务。我有权决定个人事务。 decision n决心，决定决心，决定 make/take a decision.作出决定作出决定 Come to/reach/arrive at a decision决定决定 make up ones mind(to do sth.)决心决

20、心(做做某事某事) determine to do sth.决心做某事决心做某事10. feel like 想要某物，想做某事 Feel like + 名/代词/doing sth Would like to do sth.想要做某事 Prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事 Prefer doing to doing情愿做而不愿 Would rather do than do Enjoy doing 喜欢做某事11.desperate .adj. desperation .n 1.绝望的，拼命的He was desperate when he lost all his money.2.

21、极想，渴望，非常需要be desperate for.极度渴望be desperate to do sth极度渴望做某事They are desperate for money他们急需钱I am desperate to see her,12.disappointed 失望的，沮丧的 be disappointed at 对失望 be disappointed to do sth失望地做某事 be disappointed with sb/sth对某人/物不满意、 disappoint .v 使失望 disappointing adj 令人失望的 disappointment n 失望13.a

22、shamed adj.感到惭愧的；羞耻的感到惭愧的；羞耻的 be ashamed of(doing)sth.因因(做了做了)某事某事而感到羞愧而感到羞愧 She was ashamed of her behaviour. be ashamed to do sth.因难为情而不因难为情而不愿愿 I am ashamed to say that I lied to her. feel ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧替某人感到羞愧 辨析：辨析：ashamed与与shameful ashamed指某人因某事而感到羞愧。指某人因某事而感到羞愧。 shameful指事情本身可耻、不道德。指事

23、情本身可耻、不道德。 He is ashamed of his shameful conduct. 他为自己可耻的行为感到羞愧。他为自己可耻的行为感到羞愧。 (2009湖北重点联考湖北重点联考)She felt _ of having asked such a silly question that the audience couldnt help laughing. Aguilty Bcrazy Ctired Dashamed 解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。语境：她问了个很考查形容词辨析。语境：她问了个很愚蠢的问题，听众都忍不住笑了，因此此时愚蠢的问题，听众都忍不住笑了，因此此时她感到很羞愧

24、，选她感到很羞愧，选D。A“内疚的内疚的”，B“狂狂热的热的”，C“疲倦的疲倦的”都不符合题意。都不符合题意。 答案：答案：D14.in spite of 尽管，虽然，不管，不顾尽管，虽然，不管，不顾They went out in spite of the rain. 提示：提示：in spite of为介词短语，与介词为介词短语，与介词despite及及regardless of一样，其后可跟一样，其后可跟名名词、代词或动名词词、代词或动名词，但不能跟从句。，但不能跟从句。 though，although还有还有“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”之意，之意，但它们是连词，后面应接但它们是连词，后面应

25、接句子句子。 In spite of/Regardless of/Despite the heavy traffic,he managed to come on time. Although/Though the traffic is heavy,he managed to come on time. 这样考过这样考过 (宁夏中卫模拟宁夏中卫模拟)_ the fact that I dont like my job，I must work very hard. AIn spite of BInstead of CBecause of DIn place of 解析：解析：in spite of

26、“不管；尽管不管；尽管”；instead of“代替，而不是代替，而不是”；because of“因因为为”；in place of“代替代替”。句意：尽管我。句意：尽管我不喜欢我的职业，但是我必须努力工作。不喜欢我的职业，但是我必须努力工作。 答案：答案：A15.take risks 冒险冒险(take/run a risk)You have no right to take risks with other peoples life.你没有权利拿别人的生命去冒险。你没有权利拿别人的生命去冒险。 作为动词时，后常跟动名词作宾语。作为动词时，后常跟动名词作宾语。 risk doing sth.

27、冒险做某事冒险做某事 做名词时，后常跟介词做名词时，后常跟介词to， a risk to 对对来说是危险人物。来说是危险人物。16.get into陷于陷于, 染上什么习惯染上什么习惯 get into the habit of 养成什么习惯。养成什么习惯。 =fall into the habit of=form the habit of那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的习惯。那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的习惯。e.g. The girl has got into the habit of playing with her hair while reading.短语联想短语联想get into

28、trouble 惹上麻烦惹上麻烦get across 理解理解get through 通过，完成，接通电话通过，完成，接通电话get into deep water 陷于困境陷于困境get rid of 摆脱摆脱get down to 开始认真做开始认真做17.at risk 处境危险，遭受危险处境危险，遭受危险 at the risk of 冒.的危险 take the risk of doing sth=run the risk of doing sth 冒险做某事 at ones own risk 责任自负 at any risk 无论冒什么风险 He saved my life at

29、the risk of losing his own. 这样考过这样考过 (洛阳模拟洛阳模拟)If you tell him the truth，you _ hurting his feelings. Arun a risk of Btake a risk of Crun the risk in Drun the risk of 解析：解析：此处为此处为take/run the risk of doing sth.“冒险做某事，冒冒险做某事，冒之险之险”的意思。的意思。 答案：答案：D18 prejudice n 偏见，成见 have a prejudice against对有偏见 She h

30、as a prejudice against popular music. v 使某人抱有偏见，影响某人prejudice sb against sb/sth使某人对某人/物有偏见 in favor of sb/sth使某人偏爱某人/物19 judgement 1.看法，评价 In ones judgement 在某人看来 2.判决 pass judgement on 做出判决 The judgement was given in favor of the accused.判决为被告无罪。 3.判断 I cant make that decision for you .You have to

31、use your judgement.20 awkward局促不安的，笨拙的 be awkward about 因.感到难为情 be awkward with与.一起感到不自在 She is awkward with people she doesnt know. 和陌生人在一起她感到不自在 She is an awkward girl. 她是一个笨手笨脚的女孩。1. Rice production has increased greatly in China over the last few years, largely _ super hybrid rice.2. Having lived in Hawaii all his life, he was not _ to the cold of Northern Europe.due toaccustomed 3. In spite of her wounded leg, she _to get up the stairs.4. When I _ playing sport I become very fat and unheal