名词性从句自编讲义

1、6自编之名词性从句名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析：1.用三种句子(what/which/who/whom等引导的特殊疑问句，whether/if引导的一般疑问

2、句，that引导的陈述句 )充当主句的四种成分（宾语、表语、主语、同位语）2.名词性从句的连接词和在句中的作用3.语序4.解题三部曲5.名词性从句考点解题步骤1.圈从句 2.诊断从句的主宾表缺失与否 不缺： 陈述语气 ：that 一般疑问语气 ：Whether/if 从属连词 特疑语气：When why where 为首的连接副词 缺：以what 为首的连接代词 When why where 为首的连接副词做表语。3. 填 一、概念主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。I dont know that she lov

3、es me. 陈述句 连接代词 whether/if she loves me 一般疑问句 连接代词 when she loves me. 特殊疑问句 连接副词1.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which（主语、表语、宾语定语） 连接副词：when, where, how, why（作从句的状语。）*连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as

4、 if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义，只起连接作用）。 连接副词why后不能接不定式2.语序 陈述句语序 二句型一主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。（that引导主语从句时，不能省略）有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句 It is a pity /a shame /no wonder /our hope/ our belief /a factthat （2） It + be + 形容词 + that从句 It

5、is clear/ obvious/ture/certain/possible. that. It is important /necessary/surprisingthat . (should )+ 动词原形（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 It is said (reported /learned/told.) that . . It is suggested /advised/ordered /requested that .(should )动词原形（4） It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 It +动词+宾语+从句 It seems / appear

6、s that看来 It happens / happened that 碰巧 It doesnt matter whether 没关系二 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分。但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think (that) we are good in everything while

7、 others are good in nothing. 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语

8、从句，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在一些情况下一般只能用whether，不用if（详细见后）4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时） he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时） 当主句动词不是现在时，从句则要用相应的过去时态。当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，

9、且主语为第一人称时，要否定前移。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。 I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。6. 介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。 a. That 宾从不置于介词后（除 except, but, besides, in b.其他介词后需要that 宾语从句时，要it作形式宾语 You may depend on it that this kind of thing never happens to you . c.不可用which或if连接，

10、要分别用what或 whether。Im interested in whether youve finished the work. Im interested in what youve said.7. It做形式宾语及物动词+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语I find it interesting that the princess is wearing a strange hat like toilet lid on the wedding .=I find that the princess is wearing a strange hat like toilet lid on the we

11、dding interesting .“喜、怒、哀、乐”动词ike, enjoy, love, hate.I like it that shes so beautiful. she hates it when she has no freedom.介词后面接that引导的宾语从句You may depend on it that this kind of thing never happens to you. She insisted on it that she was pretty like a princess. 及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配三 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语

12、从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. 需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 四 同位语从

13、句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等。I have no idea when he will come back home. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.*解决同位语从句问自己三个问题：1. 被修饰的词抽不抽象2. that后面的句子完不完整3.that后面的句子是不是解释被修饰的词的内容。例：There is much chance _ Bill will recove

14、r from his injury in time for the race. A. that B. which C. until D. If五同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾

15、语，可以省略）1.两者句法功能不同(同位语从句解释说明被修饰的词，定语从句修饰限制被修饰的词)2.被修饰的词不同(同位语从句要求被，修饰的词为抽象名词)3.同位语从句that后面句子完整 定语从句that 后面句子不完整4. 抽象名词The fact that they are as like as two peas surprised me.（同位语从句具体说明the fact的内容 The fact that I know is known to everyone. （定语从句：修饰限制the fact*常见抽象名词 dream,truth,hope,idea,feeling news,o

16、rder,fact,question,reason,chance belief,doubt,evidence,conclusion,result六. 连接词各个击破一that 1.引导宾语从句 一般可省略有两个或两个以上宾语从句，只可以省第一个 二不省宾语从句有it作形式宾语时形宾不省主句谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时 插不省2. 引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句 一般不可省略。2 What1.前面的句子缺不缺主语或宾语/表语2.后面的句子缺不缺主语或宾语/表语 如果两者都满足，就可选what 例：The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every

17、 summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make_it is. A what B which C how D where sb. think/believe/hope/suppose作插入语可以被忽略。3 That&what区别名词从句中That 不作成分，What 作成分定语从句中That作成分，无what what “名词/代词关系代词引导的定语从句 四whether 与if 1.whether 引导主语从句+句首 Whether she was a princess depends on his father.2.表从 The question is w

18、hether she wants to be a princess .3.介词后的宾从 Im thinking of whether I should tell you .4.紧跟to do 或者 or not ,or I dont know whether or not to tell you the story .5.同位语从句 Mia asked her mother the question whether that is good for all. 6. 宾语从句置于句首时不用if。如： Whether Mia wants to be a princess, she cant dec

19、ide. 7.discuss decide The graceful lady has decided whether she will be a princess.8.当用if会引起歧义时不用if Please let me know whether you are happy.总结：if只能引导动词宾语从句（除discuss, decide 等词+引起歧义）5 疑问词+ever/no matter +疑问词 ever后缀的疑问词 wh-ever引导让步状语从句/名词性从句 “no matter疑问词”的结构只能引导让步状语从句，不可以引导名词性从句 *优先选择wh-ever！no matter what /whatever +n ：不管什么no matter which /whichever+n :不管哪个（有范围） 6 / 61.Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are.【A A. where B. what C. when D. why2.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _I disagree. (B A. why B. where C. wh