宾语从句详解及专项练习

1、宾语从句(Object Clause )一、定义与分类1、在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。2、宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句3、时态：a主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。b主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。c主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。二、宾语从句的连接词1、从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether ，在从句中不充当任何句子成分。that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句Eg:He told me that he would go to the college the n

2、ext year。他告诉我他下一年上大学I don ' t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试 .2、连接代词连接代词主要有 who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等.连接代词一般指疑问，但what, whatever 除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述在从句中充当名词性成分。Eg:Do you know who ha

3、s won Red Alert game?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗？我不知道你该依靠谁I don ' t know whom you should depend on.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determ ined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell pho ne?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗？3、连接副词连接副词主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,w

4、herever,however等在从句中充当状语成分。Eg :He didn ' t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面Could you please tell me how you read the new pan el?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没人知道这些新的零件能在哪里买到.三、动词的宾语从句1、大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for

5、members of their team are stro nger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中，他都会帮忙的.2、部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the con cert have bee n sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.你能算出这次旅行我们将花费Can you work out how much we will spe nd

6、duri ng the trip?多少钱吗？3、动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有：make sure 确保 make up one ' s mi nd 下决心 keep in mind 牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.4、可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语 从句后置.I thi nk it n eces

7、sary that we take ple nty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的I feel it a pity that I haven ' t been to the get-together.我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯 .We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要 有些动词带宾

8、语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it，此时it无实际意义。这类动词主要有 :hate, take , owe, have, see to.Eg :I hate it whe n they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话He will have it that our pla n is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的Whe n you start the engine, you must see to it that

9、 car is in n eutral.开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置 若宾语从句是 wh-类，则不可用it代替Eg :We all con sider what you said to be un believable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.四、介词的宾语从句1、用wh-类的介词宾语从句Eg :We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加

10、入我们的俱乐部The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州 6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.2、用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到 that引导的宾语从句I know no thi ng about my new n eighbor except that he used to work with a compa ny.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.四、形容词的宾语从句常 用 来 引

11、 导 宾 语 从 句 的 形 容 词 有sure,certa in ,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedEg：I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.He is glad that Li Mi ng went to see him whe n he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别 if和whether在作“是否

12、”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介词后一般不用if 少数动词，如:leave,put,discuss,doubt 后的宾语从句常用 whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用 whether.I can ' t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。 避免歧异时，我们常用whether而不用if.六、 哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that1、 当 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean

13、,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；2、当宾语从句较长时；3、 当宾语从句前置时；eg . That our team will win , I believe .4、 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略；5、 当宾语从句中的主语是 this,that或this,that做主语的定语时；6、 当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；7、 当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；8、 当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；9、当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；等，并且主句七、宾语从句的否定转移1、主句的谓语动词是 think,believe

14、,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致Eg :I don ' t thi nk he will come to my party.而不能说成 I th ink he won ' t come to myparty.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I don ' t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我认为那个人不是 Jim所杀的，是不是？2、如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词

15、，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he n ever liste ns to the teacher carefully,does he?我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？八、宾语从句的时态和语序1、当主句为现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响2、当主句为过去时 从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn' t know what country hewas in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书，可不知道是哪

16、个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<< 老人与海>>. 从句用过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeti ng already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary. 从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the gover nment would t

17、ake n ecessary measures to put dow nthe to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.3、如果从句是一个客观真理 ，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转4、 当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you thi nk the public might choose as their f

18、avorite sin ger this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手5、运用虚拟语气的情况在表示：建议（suggest , advise ）要求（dema nd、desire、require、request、propose）决 定（decide）命令（order、comma nd）坚决主张（i nsist）等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should ）+v .（虚拟语气）eg . I suggested that you （should ） study hard .He ordered that we should go out at once九、学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接

19、词、语序和时态。1. 连接词连接词一般都是that（指事务或人）,which （指事）,who （指人）a 从句为陈述句，常选择连接词 that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。b .从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在whether or not结构中不能用if替换。c.从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,whe n,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。2、语序宾语从句一般用陈述语序。当who为主语时，句式为： who+谓语+其他3.判断时态情况:1. 主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。2. 主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描

20、绘客观事实，用一般现在时。宾语从句专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1 . These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He saidthese flowersfrom Guangdong.2. Light travels faster tha n sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told melightfaster tha n sound.3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn ' t know.Jack didn 

21、9; t knowtherea meeting in five days.4. Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to knowFren ch.5. Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell methe childre ngames.6. Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Ganghomework yet.7. How many people can you see in

22、 the picture? Who knows?Who knowsin the picture?8. Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you knowher car?9. What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl won deredofte nabout.10 . Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don ' t know.I don ' t knowat the door so loudly.11. Does

23、he still live in that street? I do n't know.I don't knowhe stillin that street.12. What's his name? I asked him.I asked him what.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me.14. Do they want fried chicke n? He asked the boys.He asked the boystheyfried chicke n.15. Was th

24、e watch made in Shan ghai? I don't know.I don't knowthe watchmade in Shan ghai.、选择填空。()1. What did Mike say? He said.A. if you are free the n ext weekB. what colour was itC. the weather is fineD. summer comes after spri ng()2. Tom asked my friend.A. where was he fromB. that the earth is bigg

25、er tha n the moonC. whe n did he come backD. not to be so angry()3. Let me tell you.A. how much is the carB. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the carD. how much I spe nt on the car()4. Peter knew.A. whether he has fini shed readi ng the bookB. why the boy had so many questi onsC.

26、there were 12 mon ths in a yearD. whe n they will leave for Paris()5. Could you tell me?A. where do you liveB. who you are wait ing forC. who were you wait ing forD. where you live in()6. I can't un dersta ndthe boy alone.A. why she leftB. why did she leave C. why she had leftD. why hadshe left(

27、)7. She told me the sunin the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had rise n()8.1 don't knowup so early last Sun day.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got()9. The man ager came up to see.A. what was the matterB. what the matter was C. what the matter is D.what's the ma

28、tter()10. He asked his father.A. where it happe nsB. where did it happe nC. how it happe nedD. how did ithappen()11. No one tells us, so we n eed your help.A. how we should doB. what should we doC. how to do itD. what to do it()12. Could you please teach methe computer.A. how check B. to check C. ho

29、w to check D. to how check ing()13.They don't knowtheir pare nts are.A thatB whatC whyD which()14. Where do you thi nkhethe TV set?Sorry, I've no idea.A./, boughtB. has, boughtC. did, buy D. did bought()15. Our homework has cha nged a lot. Who can tellit would be like infive years.(A. how, a

30、no ther B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, ano ther)16. Could you tell me? Yes. Heto the USA.A. where is he/ has bee nB. where he is/ has gone(C. where was he/ has bee nD. where he was/ has gone)17. Mike wants to know ifa pic nic tomorrow.Tes. But if it, we'll visit the museum in stead.A. you

31、have/ will rainB. you will have/ will rainC. you will have/ rainsD. will you have/ rains()18. I really don't know if sheit whe n she.A. fin ds/ arrives B. fin ds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Liu saidshe would leave the message on the headmaster” s desk.A

32、. thatB. where C. whichD. what()20. He asked me.A. who will kick the first goal in the World CupB. whe n was the APEC meet ingheldC. whe n Chi na became a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 Olympics willbe held()21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeperWho Moved My Cheesewas anin teresti n

33、g book.A. that B. how C. what D. if()22. You must rememberA. what your teacher saidB. C. your teacher said what()23. I don ” t knowA. which room I can liveC. which room I can live inB. what did your teacher sayD. what has your teacher saidB. which room can I liveD. which room can I live in()24.Do yo

34、u know whe n hebackD. will come ;Sorry , I don ” t . When heback , I ” II tell you .A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come C. will come ; comes will come()25 The girls asked if theysome food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take()26 Mary said that sheto Guan gzhou.A. has n ever go

35、ne B. had n ever goneC. has n ever bee n D. had n ever bee n()27 The stude nts want to know whether theya PE class today.A. had B. hasC. will have D. are()28. Can you tell meyou were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. whe n D. that()29 .I don't knowthey have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. whe n D.

36、where()30. Do you knowthey liste ned to yesterday eve ning?A. whatB whe nC why D how三、用合适的连接词填空。1. Jim told mehe did n't go fish ing yesterday after noon.(how, why )2. Do you knowelse is going to be on duty today?(who, whom )3. She saidit would n't matter much. (that, if )4. He always thinks

37、he can do better. (how, who )5. I really don't knowthe bridge will be fini shed.(how long, how soon )6. They don't knowto go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking aboutwe ' ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)8.1 was really surprised atI saw. (where, what)9. I don't knowso many peopl

38、e are look ing at him. (how, why)10. Do you knowyou are study ing for? (why, what)四、句型转换。1. “Do you want to try it? ” Tom's mother asked him.( 同义句)Tom's mother asked himto try it.2. I thi nk this is a good idea.(改为否定句)Ithisa good idea.3. Lucy has n't decided which trousers to buy.(改为复合句)

39、Lucy has n't decidedbuy.4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.(改为简单句)I don't knowto the hospital.5. I don ' t suppose they will come,?( 改为反意疑问句)五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he(go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who(be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you t

40、ell me where the post office(is)?4. Our father said that he(will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he(swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father(work).7. He said that he(fini sh) his work already.8. They thought they could(hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad

41、that so many people(help) him.10. She doesn ' t know whether(go) or wait.1. These wild flowers are so special I would doI can to save them.A. whatever B. thatC. whichD. whichever2. A computer can only doyou have in structed it to do.A. howB. afterC. whatD. whe n3. I read about it in some book or

42、 other, does it matterit was?A. whereB. what C. how D . which4. I think it ' s going to be a big problem. Yes, it could be.I won der we can do about it.A. ifB. howC. whatD. that5. This depe nds onthe weather is fine.A. whichB. whetherC. ifD. that6. Could I speak tois in charge of International S

43、ales please?A. whoB. whatC whoeverD. whatever7. Parents are taught to understandimportant education is to their children' sfuture.A. thatB. howC. suchD. so8. The roadis covered withsnow. I cant understandthey insist on going bymotor-bike.A whyB whetherC whe nD how9. The other day, my brother dro

44、ve his car dow n the street atI thought was adan gerous speed.A. as B. whichC. whatD. thathe or she wants.10. It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a childA. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whereverhe thought was not eno ugh.A. whereB. howC. what D. which12. I was surprised byher words, w

45、hichmade me recognizesilly mistakes I had11. The shopkeeper did not want to sell formade.A. whatB. thatC. howD. which13. The way he did it was differe ntwe were used to.A. in which B . in what C. from whatD. from which14. The poor young man is ready to accepthelp he can get.A. whichever B . however

46、C . whatever D . whenever15. Mary wrote an article onthe team had failed to win the game.A. why B. what C. who D. that16. Some people believeis easier for small countries to become strong and rich thanfor largeA. that; countryB. it; one C. that; coun triesD. it; ones17. I don ' t knowMr. Green w

47、ill come to see us. He ' ll help us with our English.18.A. whyBe careful! DonB. whe nC. howD. where't break the bottles. Do you hearI said? David?Yes, MumA. what B. thatC. why D. if19. Do you kn owMr. Black ' s address is?He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I'm not sure

48、ofA. where, whichB. where, whatC. what, whichD. what, where20. Are you in terested in?A. how did he do itB. he did it howC. how he did itD. he how did it21 .The how-to book can be of help towants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever22. I findimporta nt that we practice En gli

49、sh every day.A. itB. thisC. thatD. what23. What did you pare nts think about your decisi on?They always let me doI thi nk I should.A. whe nB. thatC. howD. what24. Please remi nd mehe said he was goin g. I may be in time to see him off.A. whereB. whe nC. howD. what25. Mary wrote an article onthe team

50、 had failed to win the game.B. whatC. who D . that26. Some one is ringing the doorbell Go and seeA .who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is27. I want to knowhe can come here on time.A. whoB. whenC. whereD. if28. I ' d like knowyou want best.A.thatB.whatC. whichD. where29. The teacher asked the new st