2017高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题3阅读理解模式2主旨大意题讲练

1、模式2|主旨大意题确定标题概括全文主题概括段落大意写作目的标题是文章的题目， 它不是主题，但限定 主题的范围，可表达 主题，是对主题的提 炼和浓缩，表现形式 多为短语，尤其是名 词短语。主题是文章的中心思 想，是作者所要表达 的中心意思，有的直 接出现在文中，有的 需通过综合全文的内 容概括归纳得出。段落大意是指段落的 中心意思。文章常由 多个段落组成，共同 支撑全文主题，但每 段又分述/、同的意 思，可通过归纳、演 绎等方法概括得出。作者写文章的目的有 三个：to express one's feelings ,attitude and ideas ; to affect reade

2、rs;to inform readers。可细分为tointroduce , describe , explain , inform , analyze , express , convey, argue , encourage , praise , criticize , advocate 等。解 题技 巧1 .细读文章或段落的首句、中间句和尾句，主题往往就在这些地方 出现。2 .特别关注however, but等表示转折的信息词，主题很可能就在 这类词的后面出现。3 .表小结论性的信息词如so , thus , therefore 等后面通常会出现主题句。4 .对记叙文要会根据所述事件进行

3、归纳概括，领会其寓意，总结出 文章的主题。5 .标题是对主题句的高度概括，用词更少，简明扼要，有时会用形 象化的语句。典例剖析典例 1（2015。江苏高考 B）In the United States alone , over 100 million cell一phones are thrown away each year.Cell phones are part of a growing mountain ofelectronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronicwaste stream

4、is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss studyreported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste ， the concentration

5、 （ 含量 ） of gold and other precious metals was higher in so called e waste than in naturallyoccurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed ， the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries ， in pr

6、actically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material ， up to 100 times more than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell phone， and imagine the mines th

7、at produced those metals， the factoriesneeded to make the box and packaging （ 包装 ） it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U S.Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production ， distribution ， and use of products as w

8、ell as management of the resulting waste all result in greenhouse gas r elease. ” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start for instance ， buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered

9、or has been put in place as an incentive （动机 ） for reducing waste.Ifproducers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce i

10、s usually based on money.Why ， they ask ， should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap （ 气泡垫 ） that encased your television?From the governments' point of view ， a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and t

11、he physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax payers back to the producers.60 What does the passage mainly talk about?A The increase in e waste.B The creation of e waste.C The seriousness of e waste.D The management of e waste.60. D 主旨大意题。文章首段提出了一种普遍现象电子垃圾太多，接下来介绍了电子垃圾的危

12、害及来源。从第五段到最后一段一直在分析电子垃圾的处理措施及责任归属，特别是由最后一段的内容可知应选D项。A、C两项只是对首段的概括，内涵太小；B项是对第四段的概括。 典例 2（2014。江苏高考- C 节选）Most positive emotions are associated withapproach behaviour ： we move closer to people we like.Most negative emotions， incontrast ， are associated with avoidance behaviour ： we moveaway from peop

13、le and things that we dislike or that makeus anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.The angrier we are ， the more likelywe are to move towards the object of our anger.Thiscorresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger ： the angry person moves closer in order to influence an

14、d control the person or situation causing his anger.This approach and confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry（ 不对称 ） of EEGactivity.Interestingly ， this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy （ 同感 ）towards the individual who is bringing forth the an

15、gry response.In defensive anger ， in contrast ， the EEGasymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger inspiring situation.64 What is the key message of the last paragraph?A How anger differs from other emotions.B How anger relates to other emotions.C Behavioural responses to anger.D Behavioural patterns of anger.64. D 主旨大意题之段落大意。 本题考查考生理解全段、 提炼信息和概括总结的能力。根据题干信息可定位到文章的最后一段。根据本段第三句“ But a