MATLAB实训课程报告

1、广东技术师范学院天河学院控制系统仿真课程设计系 别： 电气工程系 班 级： 本电气112班 学 号： 学生姓名： 指导老师： 李颖琼 2014 年 10 月目录1 Matlab 软件简介31.1 MATLAB产生的历史背景312 MATLAB的语言特点和开发环境42课程设计内容53心得体会：134参考文献：145附录：(计算器程序)151 Matlab 软件简介1.1 MATLAB产生的历史背景MATLAB 是美国MathWorks公司出品的商业数学软件，用于算法开发、数据可视化、数据分析以及数值计算的高级技术计算语言和交互式环境，主要包括MATLAB和Simulink两大部分。 MATLAB

2、是矩阵实验室（Matrix Laboratory）的简称，和Mathematica、Maple并称为三大数学软件。它在数学类科技应用软件中在数值计算方面首屈一指。MATLAB可以进行矩阵运算、绘制函数和数据、实现算法、创建用户界面、连接其他编程语言的程序等，主要应用于工程计算、控制设计、信号处理与通讯、图像处理、信号检测、金融建模设计与分析等领域。MATLAB的基本数据单位是矩阵，它的指令表达式与数学、工程中常用的形式十分相似，故用 MATLAB来解算问题要比用C，FORTRAN等语言完成相同的事情简捷得多，并且mathwork也吸收了像Maple等软件的优点,使MATLAB 成为一个强大的数

3、学软件。在新的版本中也加入了对C，FORTRAN，C+ ，JAVA的支持。可以直接调用,用户也可以将自己编写的实用程序导入到MATLAB函数库中方便自己以后调用，此外许多的MATLAB爱好者都编写了一些经典的程序，用户可以直接进行下载就可以用。MATLAB的应用：利用MATLAB可以进行以下各种工作l 数值计算l 数值和符号计算l 工程和科学绘图l 控制系统的设计与仿真l 数字图像处理l 数字信号处理l 通讯系统设计与仿真l 财务与金融工程12 MATLAB的语言特点和开发环境 MATLAB作为一种科学计算的高级语言之所以受欢迎，就是因为它有丰富的函数资源和工具箱资源，编程人员可以根据自己的需

4、要选择函数，而无需再去编写大量繁琐的程序代码，从而减轻了编程人员的工作负担。被称为第四代编程语言的MATLAB最大的特点就是简洁开放的程序代码和直观实用的开发环境。具体地说MATLAB主要有以下特点： (1)库函数资源丰富(2)语言精炼，代码灵活 (3)运算符多而灵活(4)面向对象控制功能优良，使界面编程更方便、自由。(5)程序设计自由(6)图形功能强大(7)程序的兼容性好(8)源代码开放(9)形形色色的工具箱2课程设计内容实训一 熟悉MATLAB集成环境与基础运算（例子）2已知 ，求下列表达式的值：l A+6*B和A-B+I（其中I为单位矩阵）l A*B和A.*Bl A3和A.3l A/B及

5、BA解：A=12,34,-4;34,7,87;3,65,7B=1,3,-1;2,0,3;3,-2,7 I=eye(3) A+6*B A-B+I A-B+I A*B A.*B A.3 A/B BA得：A = 12 34 -4 34 7 87 3 65 7B = 1 3 -1 2 0 3 3 -2 7I = 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1ans = 18 52 -10 46 7 105 21 53 49ans = 12 31 -3 32 8 84 0 67 1ans = 12 31 -3 32 8 84 0 67 1ans = 68 44 62 309 -72 596 154 -5 241an

6、s = 12 102 4 68 0 261 9 -130 49ans = 1728 39304 -64 39304 343 658503 27 274625 343ans = 16.4000 -13.6000 7.6000 35.8000 -76.2000 50.2000 67.0000 -134.0000 68.0000ans = 109.4000 -131.2000 322.8000 -53.0000 85.0000 -171.0000 -61.6000 89.8000 -186.2000实训二 MATLAB编程基础1 求100,999之间能被21整除的数的个数解：a=100:999b=(

7、rem(a,21)=0)c=find(b)'d=length(c)得：d = 437 分别对符号矩阵的两个变量求微分。解：A=sym('2*x,t2;t*sin(x),exp(x)')A1=diff(A,'x'); A2=diff(A,'t'); disp('dA/dx=');disp(A1); disp('dA/dt=');disp(A2);得：A = 2*x, t2 t*sin(x), exp(x)dA/dx= 2, 0 t*cos(x), exp(x)dA/dt= 0, 2*t sin(x), 0实训

8、三 MATLAB图形系统4绘制分段函数提示：用逻辑表达式求分段函数值。解：t=0:0.5:2.5y=t.2.*(t>=0)&(t<1)+(t.2-1).*(t>=1)&(t<2)+(t.2-2*t+1).*(t>=2)&(t<3)plot(t,y);得：实训四 SIMULINK仿真控制系统实验1 利用SIMULINK仿真来实现摄氏温度到华氏温度的转化：（范围在-10100解：实训五 MATLAB仿真控制应用实验一数值计算应用1求三元非线性方程的解。（提示：solve）2 试求的极限解：(1)syms x y z;x,y,z=solve

9、('x2+2*x+1=0','x+3*z=4','y*z=-1')得：x =-1y =-3/5 z = 5/3解（2）syms x kf=(1-1/x)k*x L=limit(limit(f,x,0),k,x)得：f =(1-1/x)k*xL =0三、电力电子技术 1设计单相桥式全控整流电路，变压器一次侧电压220V，变比n1：n2=1:2；电阻为10，用示波器观察变压器一二次侧及负载上的电压。（验证阻性感性负载电压波形）2设计三相桥式全控整流电路2：实训六 MATLAB仿真控制综合应用1. 设计一个计算器，要求有数字按钮，至少实现加减乘除四则混

10、合运算，实现显示。解3心得体会：通过这次MATLAB的课程设计，我对MATLAB有了一个更深的理解，matlab具有数值分析.矩阵计算.科学数据可视化以及非线性动态系统的建模和仿真等诸多功能。 这次的Matlab课程设计对我来说是一次挑战，之前课上学的知识都忘得差不多了，再加上对语言不怎么熟悉，想要编写复杂的代码，难度不是一点点，所以只有通过上网查资料，请教同学，巩固之前学的理论知识，回忆前面所做过的程序代码，也许能完成这次任务。 第一个实训题目,刚刚上手觉得还行，自己琢磨琢磨也能出结果，但后面实训题目压根没有思路，所以只好通过查资料，与同学讨论，一起研究分析题目。虽然有两周时间，但每天只有两

11、个小时呆在机房，所以还得利用课后的时间继续加工。题目对于我来说比较难，自己编的代码运行不断地出错，经过修改N次后有的也能出现正确的结果，有点成就感。 在这期间，我们也查找了不少资料，发现很多知识是我们从没有接触过的，我们并不了解，所以借此增长了自己的见识，了解了更多关于它的应用。在编写程序代码时，需要什么函数，需要什么模块得一步一步的来，慢慢地研究，每天积累点，不能急于求成，有问题就应该去查资料，讨论，如果想要把所有东西都学到，那是比登天还难。 总之，通过这次的课程设计，体验到了真正的难度，不过也让我收获不少，虽然过程很艰辛，但自己坚持不懈，最后还是会得到自己想要的答案。从这次课程设计中也可以

12、看出自己的理论知识不牢固，所以得加强理论知识的学习，才能更好地理论联系实践。4参考文献：1MATLAB与控制系统仿真实践（第2版）2MathWorks，MATLAB R2007a，2007。3黄文梅，杨勇，熊桂林，系统分析与仿真-MATLAB语言及应用，长沙，国防科技大学出版社，1999 4尤昌德，现代控制理论基础，北京，电子工业出版社，1996 5 美Katsuhiko Ogata著，卢伯英，于海勋等译6现代控制工程（第三版），北京，电子工业出版社，20007黄涵洲，李志恒，现代控制理论引论，北京，北京工业大学出版社，1995 8钟

13、秀玲，控制系统数字仿真，北京，冶金工业出版社，19945附录：(计算器程序)function varargout = untitled(varargin)%UNTITLED M-file for untitled.fig% UNTITLED, by itself, creates a new UNTITLED or raises the existing% singleton*.% H = UNTITLED returns the handle to a new UNTITLED or the handle to% the existing singleton*.% UNTITLED('

14、;Property','Value',.) creates a new UNTITLED using the% given property value pairs. Unrecognized properties are passed via% varargin to untitled_OpeningFcn. This calling syntax produces a% warning when there is an existing singleton*.% UNTITLED('CALLBACK') and UNTITLED('CALLB

15、ACK',hObject,.) call the% local function named CALLBACK in UNTITLED.M with the given input% arguments.% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one% instance to run (singleton)".% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the respo

16、nse to help untitled % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 19-Oct-2014 21:22:41 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, . 'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, . 'gui_OpeningFcn', untitled_OpeningFcn, . 'gui_OutputFcn', u

17、ntitled_OutputFcn, . 'gui_LayoutFcn', , . 'gui_Callback', );if nargin && ischar(varargin1) gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin1);end if nargout varargout1:nargout = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin:);else gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin:);end% End initialization code -

18、DO NOT EDIT % - Executes just before untitled is made visible.function untitled_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with hand

19、les and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin unrecognized PropertyName/PropertyValue pairs from the% command line (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line output for untitledhandles.output = hObject; % Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles); % UIWAIT makes untitled wait for user response

20、 (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1); % - Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = untitled_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be define

21、d in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout1 = handles.output;%_¡ì¡ì_¡ì_¡ì_¨¨_¡ìset(handles.text1,'String','0.'

22、;); jj=0; shift=0; function text1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to text1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of text1 a

23、s text% str2double(get(hObject,'String') returns contents of text1 as a double % - Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.function text1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to text1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version o

24、f MATLAB% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.% See ISPC and COMPUTER.if ispc set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');else set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontr

25、olBackgroundColor');end % - Executes on button press in pushbutton1.function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global jjtextString = get(handles.text1,'String'); if(strcmp(textString,'0.')=1)&(jj=0) set(handles.text1,'String','1') else textStrin

26、g =strcat(textString,'1'); set(handles.text1,'String',textString) end jj=0; % hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbut

27、ton2.function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) global jj textString = get(handles.text1,'String'); if(strcmp(textString,'0.')=1)&(jj=0) set(handles.text1,'String','2') else textString =strcat(textString,'2'); set(handles.text1,'String&

28、#39;,textString) end jj=0;% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton3.function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)glo

29、bal jj textString = get(handles.text1,'String'); if(strcmp(textString,'0.')=1)&(jj=0)set(handles.text1,'String','3') else textString =strcat(textString,'3'); set(handles.text1,'String',textString) end jj=0;% hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)

30、% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton4.function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global jj textString = get(handles.text1,'String'); if(strcmp(t

31、extString,'0.')=1)&(jj=0) set(handles.text1,'String','4') else textString =strcat(textString,'4'); set(handles.text1,'String',textString) end jj=0;% hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB%

32、 handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton5.function pushbutton5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global jj textString = get(handles.text1,'String');if(strcmp(textString,'0.')=1)&(jj=0)set(handles.text1,'String&#

33、39;,'5') else textString =strcat(textString,'5'); set(handles.text1,'String',textString) end jj=0;% hObject handle to pushbutton5 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Execu

34、tes on button press in pushbutton6.function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global jj textString = get(handles.text1,'String'); if(strcmp(textString,'0.')=1)&(jj=0) set(handles.text1,'String','6') else textString =strcat(textString,'6'); s

35、et(handles.text1,'String',textString) end jj=0;% hObject handle to pushbutton6 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton7.function pushbutton7_Callback(hO

36、bject, eventdata, handles)global jj textString = get(handles.text1,'String'); if(strcmp(textString,'0.')=1)&(jj=0)set(handles.text1,'String','7') else textString =strcat(textString,'7'); set(handles.text1,'String',textString) end jj=0; % hObject ha

37、ndle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton8.function pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global jj textString = get(handles.text1,

38、'String'); if(strcmp(textString,'0.')=1)&(jj=0) set(handles.text1,'String','8') else textString =strcat(textString,'8'); set(handles.text1,'String',textString) end jj=0;% hObject handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined

39、in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton9.function pushbutton9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global jj textString = get(handles.text1,'String');if(strcmp(textString,'0.')=1)&(jj=0)

40、set(handles.text1,'String','9') else textString =strcat(textString,'9'); set(handles.text1,'String',textString) end jj=0;% hObject handle to pushbutton9 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and us

41、er data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton10.function pushbutton10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global jj textString = get(handles.text1,'String'); if(strcmp(textString,'0.')=1)&(jj=0) set(handles.text1,'String','0.') else textString

42、=strcat(textString,'0'); set(handles.text1,'String',textString) end jj=0; % hObject handle to pushbutton10 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutt

43、on11.function pushbutton11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)set(handles.text1,'String','0.')% hObject handle to pushbutton11 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on bu

44、tton press in pushbutton12.function pushbutton12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global jj textString = get(handles.text1,'String'); if(strcmp(textString,'0.')=1)&(jj=0) set(handles.text1,'String','0.') else ss=char(textString); l=length(textString); textStri

45、ng=ss(1:l-1); set(handles.text1,'String',textString) end jj=0;% - Executes on button press in pushbutton28. function pushbutton28_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) textString = get(handles.text1,'String'); %strcmp(textString,'0.') if(strcmp(textString,'0.')=1) set

46、(handles.text1,'String','0.') else a = strread(textString, '%f'); a=1/a; set(handles.text1,'String',a) end% hObject handle to pushbutton12 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see G

47、UIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton13.function pushbutton13_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) textString = get(handles.text1,'String'); textString =strcat(textString,'+'); set(handles.text1,'String',textString)% hObject handle to pushbutton13 (see GCBO)% ev

48、entdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton14.function pushbutton14_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString = get(handles.text1,'String'); textString =strcat(textString,'-');set(handles.text1,'String',textString)% hObject handle to pushbutton14 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % -