汽车专业英语(第4章)《汽车专业英语 》王锦俞主编

1、汽车专业英语Unit 4 Transmission system 第四单元 传动系 4-1 Transmission Systems and Clutch 传动系和离合器v1- engine 发动机 v2- transaxle 变速驱动桥 v3- gear box 变速器 v4/8- axle shaft或half shaft 半轴 v5- drive shaft 传动轴 v6- differential 差速器 v7- axle casing，axle body，axle box 桥壳v 9- tire and wheel 轮胎和车轮v1- flywheel 飞轮 2- clutch pla

2、te 或clutch di 从动盘 v3- pressure plate 压盘 4- clutch cover 离合器盖 v5- release bearing 分离轴承 6- operating fork 分离叉 v7- fluid reservoir 储液罐 8- master cylinder 主缸 v9- clutch pedal 离合器踏板v10- diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧 v11-pressure plate或driving plate 压盘，压板 v12- plate friction lining或clutch plate lining 摩擦片 v13-ret

3、aining rivet 固定铆钉 v14- torsion rubber 扭转橡胶 v15- clutch hub 离合器毂 ClutchvIn this article, we will learn why you need a clutch, and understand how the clutch in your car works. vThe reason of you need a clutch in the car is that the engine spins all the time, but the car wheels dont. In order for a car

4、 to stop without killing the engine, the wheels need to be disconnected from the engine somehow. The clutch allows us to smoothly engage a spinning engine to a non-spinning transmission by controlling the slippage between them.vA clutch works because of friction between a clutch plate and a flywheel

5、. The clutch is a device that lets you connect and disconnect the engine and the transmission. When you push in the clutch pedal, the engine and the transmission are disconnected so the engine can run even if the car is standing still. When you release the clutch pedal, the engine and the input shaf

6、t are directly connected to one another. The input shaft and gear turn at the same rpm as the engine.vA clutch is composed of the clutch disc, the pressure plate, the release lever and the release bearing. 4-2 Gearbox 变速器v1- first gear 一档齿轮 2- reverse gear 倒档齿轮 v3- second gear 二档齿轮 4- third gear 三档齿

7、轮 v5- fourth gear 四档齿轮 6- fifth gear 五档齿轮 v7/14- drive shaft, input shaft 输入轴 v 8/16- output shaft 输出轴 v9- differential 差速器 10-axle shaft 半轴 v11- side gear 半轴齿轮 12- side pinion 行星齿轮 v13- final drive ring gear 主减速器齿圈 v 15- transmission case 变速器壳体 v17- countershaft，intermediary shaft，inter-mediate sha

8、ft，jack shaft 中间轴 v1- clutch sleeve或synchronizer sleeve 接合套 v2- insert spring或shifting key spring 滑块弹簧 v3- input gear 输入齿轮 v4/8- blocking ring或 synchronizer ring 锁环 v5- groove 槽 v6- clutch hub 接合齿毂 v7- insert key 滑块 v9- cone 锥面 v10- insert spring 滑块弹簧GearboxvA gearbox changes the speed and torque of

9、 the output shaft by meshing different gears. It provides a way to disconnect the engine from the transmission system without depressing the clutch pedal for a long time. It enables the vehicle to be reversed.vA gearbox has many shafts and gears. The common problems with gearbox include the difficul

10、ty in engaging gears, jumping out of gear, noisy gear mesh and oil leaks. You should look for the reasons and eliminate the problems.vThe diagram shows a very simple two-speed transmission in neutral. Lets look at each of the parts in this diagram to understand how they fit together: vThe input shaf

11、t comes from the engine through the clutch. The input shaft and the gear on it are connected as a single unit. vInter-mediate shaft are also connected as a single piece, so all of the gears on the inter-mediate shaft and the inter-mediate shaft itself spin as one unit. The input shaft and the inter-

12、mediate shaft are directly connected through their meshed gears so that if the input shaft is spinning, so is the inter-mediate shaft . In this way, the inter-mediate shaft receives its power directly from the engine whenever the clutch is engaged. vThe gears 1 ride on bearings， so they spin on the

13、output shaft. If the engine is off but the car is coasting, the output shaft can turn inside the gears1 while the gears1 and the inter-mediate shaft are motionless. 4-3 Automatic Transmission自动变速器 v1- torque converter 液力变距器 v2- oil pump 油泵 v3- VSS = vehicle speed sensor 车速传感器 v4- sensors 【复数】传感器 v5-

14、 pinion gear speed sensor 行星齿轮转速传感器 v6-planetary gear drive mechanism 行星齿轮传动机构 v7- ECT ECU = electronically controlled transmission 电控自动变速器ECU v ECU=electronic control unit 电子控制单元，电脑v8- input turbo speed sensor 输入涡轮转速传感器 v9-solenoid valve 电磁阀 v10-control valve body 控制阀体 v11- selector (shift) lever 变

15、速杆v1-cover 盖 v2-lockup clutch或converter clutch 锁止离合器 v3-turbine 涡轮 v4-impeller 泵轮 v5-reactor 导轮 v6-sun gear 太阳轮 v7-planetary gear或pinion gear 行星齿轮v8-planetary carrier或pinion gear carrier 行星架v9-internal ring gear 内齿圈vP=parking 驻车档vR=reverse 倒档vN=neutral 空档vD=driving 前进档v2=second 第二档vL=low 低档v1-OD swi

16、tch=over drive (control) switch 超速运行开关，O/D开关 v2-transaxle shift switch 变速驱动桥换档开关 v3-driving pattern (mode) selector switch 运行模式选择开关 vmanual mode 手动模式veconomy mode 经济模式vpower mode 动力模式vsnow mode 雪地模式Shifting the Automatic Transaxle vThere are several different positions for your shift lever:v Park P

17、Reverse Rv Neutral N Drive Dv Second 2 First 1vP (Park)：This locks your front wheels. Its the best position to use when you start your engine because your vehicle cant move easily. vR (Reverse)：Use this gear to back up.vN (Neutral)：In this position，your engine doesnt connect with the wheels. To rest

18、art when youre already moving, use N only. Also, use N when your vehicle is being towed. vD (Drive)：This position is for normal driving, at all speeds, in most street and highway situation. v2 (Second)：This position gives you more power but lower fuel economy. You can use 2 on hills. It can help con

19、trol your speed as you go down steep mountain roads. v1 (First)：This position gives you even more power (but lower fuel economy) than 2. You can use it on very steep hills, or in deep snow or mud.4-4 Final drive and Differential 主减速器和差速器v1-flange 凸缘 v2-oil seal 油封 v3-final drive case 主减速器壳 v 4-adjus

20、ting shim 调整垫片 v5-drive pinion 驱动小齿轮 v 6/16-adjusting nut 调整螺母 v7-axle shaft 半轴 v 8-side pinion 行星齿轮 v9/ 13-bearing 轴承 v10-ring gear 齿圈 v11-side gear 半轴齿轮 v12- differential case 差速器壳 v14-final drive cover 主减速器盖 v15-collapsible spacer 可塌缩隔套 v17-offset 偏置 v18-hypoid gear 准双曲面齿轮Why You Need a Different

21、ial vCar wheels spin at different speeds, especially when turning. Each wheel travels a different distance through the turn, and that the inside wheels travel a shorter distance than the outside wheels. Since speed is equal to the distance traveled divided by the time it takes to go that distance, t

22、he wheels that travel a shorter distance travel at a lower speed. Also note that the front wheels travel a different distance than the rear wheels. vFor the non-driven wheels on your car，the front wheels on a rear-wheel drive car, the back wheels on a front-wheel drive car ，this is not an issue. The

23、re is no connection between them, so they spin independently. But the driven wheels are linked together so that a single engine and transmission can turn both wheels. If your car did not have a differential, the wheels would have to be locked together, forced to spin at the same speed. This would ma

24、ke turning difficult and hard on your car. or the car to be able to turn, one tire would have to slip. With modern tires and concrete roads, a great deal of force is required to make a tire slip. That force would have to be transmitted through the axle from one wheel to another, putting a heavy stra

25、in on the axle components. vThus, a differential is necessary to solve these problems. 4-5 Driveshaft and 4WD 传动轴和四轮驱动 v1/16- universal joint 万向节 v2-countershaft或intermediate shaft 中间轴 v3-rubber absorber 橡胶减震器 v4/ 11-sleeve yoke 套筒叉 v5-balance weight 平衡重 v6/18 -center support 中间支撑 v7-drive shaft 传动轴

26、 v8-flange yoke 凸缘叉 v9-cross或 cross spider 十字轴 v 10/12-weld yoke, tube yoke 万向节叉 v13-round bear cap 转动轴承盖 v 14-flexible universal joint 挠性万向节 v15/17-adjusting nut 调整螺母 v19-flexible coupling 挠性联轴器v21-differential 差速器 v 22-axle shaft 半轴 v23-inner race 内球座 v24/28/29/33-drive shaft 驱动轴 v25/ 30- bell typ

27、e housing 钟形壳 v26-cage 保持架，球笼 v27-ball 球 v 24/28/29/33-drive shaft 驱动轴 v25/ 30- bell type housing 钟形壳 v31-spider或tripod 三销架 v32-ball ring 球环1-4WD=four wheel drive 四轮驱动 2-transfer case 分动器 3-center differential 中间差速器 4-VC=viscous clutch 粘液离合器 Four-wheel DrivevFour-wheel-drive system has several diffe

28、rent schemes for providing power to all of the wheels. The language used by the different carmakers can sometimes be a little confusing, lets clear up some terminology. vFour-wheel drive：Usually, when carmakers say that a car has four-wheel drive, they are referring to a part-time system. For reason

29、s well explore later in this article, these systems are meant only for use in low-traction conditions, such as off-road or on snow or ice. v All-wheel drive ：These systems are sometimes called full-time four-wheel drive. All-wheel-drive systems are designed to function on all types of surfaces, both

30、 on- and off-road, and most of them cannot be switched off.4-6 Hub and Tire 轮毂和轮胎v1-double row angular bearing 双列向心轴承 v2-hub bolt 轮毂螺栓 v3-lock nut 锁止螺母 v4-axle shaft 车轴 v5-rotor或braking disc 制动盘 v6-ball cup或 ball socket 球头座 v7-ball stud或 ball pin 球头销 v8-bearing saddle 轴承座 v 9-brake drum 制动鼓 v10-doub

31、le-row radial thrust ball bearing 双列向心推力球轴承 v11-steering knuckle 转向节 v12-axle hub nut 轮毂螺母 v13-axle hub或 wheel hub 轮毂 v14/15-tapered roller bearing 锥形滚子轴承 v16-radial ball bearing 径向滚球轴承vA-diagonal tire或cross ply tire 斜交轮胎 va-tubed tire 有内胎斜交轮胎 vB-radial (ply) tire 子午线轮胎 vb-TL=tubeless tire 无内胎轮胎 v1-cord 帘线 v2-cord ply 帘布层 v2a-carcass plies 胎体帘布层 v2b-tread plies 胎面帘布层 v3-tread或 tire tread 胎面 v4-shoulder 胎肩 v5-sidewall 胎侧 v6-bead或tire bead 胎圈 v7-bead toe 胎趾